Upcycling agroindustrial waste into graphene oxide supports for gold nanoparticles: toward sustainable nanomaterials

• Juan Marcos Castro-Tapia,
• Selene Acosta,
• Hiram Joazet Ojeda-Galván,
• Elsie Evelyn Araujo-Palomo,
• Edgar Giovanni Villabona-Leal and
• Mildred Quintana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 489–504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.32

• develop a sustainable route for producing graphene oxide-based materials from agroindustrial waste and to evaluate their structural and chemical properties in comparison with conventional graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Agroindustrial waste-derived graphene oxide (Agro-GO) was

• -related applications. The results reveal that Agro-GO exhibits tunable oxidation levels, diverse surface functionalities, and morphologies comparable to those of conventional GO; these properties strongly depend on the type of agroindustrial waste precursor used. These findings demonstrate the feasibility

• of transforming agroindustrial waste into high-value graphene-based nanomaterials and highlight the potential of sustainable synthesis routes for advancing environmentally responsible carbon-based technologies. Keywords: agroindustrial waste; gold nanoparticles; graphene oxide; green synthesis