Synthetic-polymer-assisted antisense oligonucleotide delivery: targeted approaches for precision disease treatment

• Ana Cubillo Alvarez,
• Dylan Maguire and
• Ruairí P. Brannigan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 435–463, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.34

Gold nanomakura: nanoarchitectonics and their photothermal response in association with carrageenan hydrogels

• Nabojit Das,
• Vikas,
• Akash Kumar,
• Sanjeev Soni and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 678–693, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.56

• alkyl chains are subjected to, resulting in the formation of a compact layered structure around the nanoparticle [25]. Also, it was interesting to observe the differences in aspect ratios of nanomakuras capped with CTAB, MTAB, and DTAB respectively. Nanomakuras capped with CTAB showed the highest aspect

Two-dimensional molecular networks at the solid/liquid interface and the role of alkyl chains in their building blocks

• Suyi Liu,
• Yasuo Norikane and
• Yoshihiro Kikkawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 872–892, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.72

• the molecular arrangement and orientation. Among the non-covalent interactions, dispersion interactions that derive from alkyl chain units are believed to be weak. However, alkyl chains play an important role in the adsorption onto substrates, as well as in the in-plane intermolecular interactions. In

• this review, we focus on the role of alkyl chains in the formation of ordered 2D assemblies at the solid/liquid interface. The alkyl chain effects on the 2D assemblies are introduced together with examples documented in the past decades. Keywords: alkyl chains; scanning tunneling microscopy; self

• , halogen bonding, and metal coordination, are often exploited for the formation of 2D structures. However, dispersion forces originating from the alkyl chains also play an important role in the adsorption onto the substrate, as well as in the in-plane intermolecular interactions at the solid/liquid

Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review

• Anastasiya Sergievskaya,
• Adrien Chauvin and
• Stephanos Konstantinidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2

Nanoporous and nonporous conjugated donor–acceptor polymer semiconductors for photocatalytic hydrogen production

• Zhao-Qi Sheng,
• Yu-Qin Xing,
• Yan Chen,
• Guang Zhang,
• Shi-Yong Liu and
• Long Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 607–623, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.50

• side chains. Different from long alkyl chains, the polymers incorporating the oligo(ethylene glycol) side chains (P48) (Figure 5) showed considerably improved charge separation and transport and could be dispersed in water without any co-solvent. Similar to the N atoms in BT units, oxygen atoms can

Growth of a self-assembled monolayer decoupled from the substrate: nucleation on-command using buffer layers

• Robby Reynaerts,
• Kunal S. Mali and
• Steven De Feyter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1291–1302, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.113

• alkyl chains because the soft-epitaxy of such chains with the graphite lattice is well established [43][44][45]. In this contribution, we present a systematic, curiosity-driven study of the self-assembly of a relatively simple building block, namely 4-tetradecyloxybenzoic acid (BA-OC14, Figure 1a), with

• parameters obtained for the structures formed on the buffer layer are comparable to those formed at the 1-phenyloctane–HOPG interface (Table 1). A notable feature of the high-resolution STM images presented in Figure 4d–f is that the alkyl chains of the BA-OC14 molecules within the monolayers formed on top

• controlled nucleation experiments described below, also confirm the formation of the BA-OC14 islands on top of the buffer layer. The registry of the alkyl chains of BA-OC14 with the graphite lattice can be understood by considering the orientation of the BA-OC14 islands with respect to the n-C50 lamellae. As

Mobility of charge carriers in self-assembled monolayers

• Zhihua Fu,
• Tatjana Ladnorg,
• Hartmut Gliemann,
• Alexander Welle,
• Asif Bashir,
• Michael Rohwerder,
• Qiang Zhang,
• Björn Schüpbach,
• Andreas Terfort and
• Christof Wöll

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2449–2458, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.235

• constituents have shown to have very positive influence on the structural quality of the SAMs [25]. In the present study, two types of organothiols were used. The second organothiol, hexadecanethiol (HDT) is based on alkyl chains and serves as an insulating unit. Experimental Synthesis of S-(4-(anthracene-2

Microbubbles decorated with dendronized magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical imaging: effective stabilization via fluorous interactions

• Da Shi,
• Justine Wallyn,
• Dinh-Vu Nguyen,
• Francis Perton,
• Delphine Felder-Flesch,
• Sylvie Bégin-Colin,
• Mounir Maaloum and
• Marie Pierre Krafft

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2103–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.205

• effective attractive interactions can operate in water and organic solvents. For example, such interactions are responsible for the partition and segregation of F-alkyl chains, on which “fluorous” technologies are based that are used in many synthesis and separation processes [40]. However, studies of such

Review of advanced sensor devices employing nanoarchitectonics concepts

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Tatsuyuki Makita,
• Masato Ito,
• Taizo Mori,
• Shun Watanabe and
• Jun Takeya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2014–2030, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.198

• alkyl chains. Long-range ordered π-conjugated columns in densely packed arrays of the pentathiophene core confine charge carrier transport to one direction. The charge generation and transport can be effectively maximized by this carrier transport confinement. The fabricated field-effect transistor

Chiral nanostructures self-assembled from nitrocinnamic amide amphiphiles: substituent and solvent effects

• Hejin Jiang,
• Huahua Fan,
• Yuqian Jiang,
• Li Zhang and
• Minghua Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1608–1617, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.156

• result indicates that the NCLG assemblies might form a bilayer structure with high interdigitation of the alkyl chains, where the bilayer structure experiences a large tilt. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra In order to elucidate the formation mechanism of the helicity and nanostructures of the

• 3NCLG, the shoulder absorption band showed a red shift to ≈3328 cm−1 and the main absorption band displayed a blue shift to ≈3302 cm−1, which illustrated the weaker hydrogen bonding between 3NCLG molecules than that of 2NCLG and 4NCLG. The CH3 and CH2 stretching vibration bands of alkyl chains at ≈2955

Materials nanoarchitectonics at two-dimensional liquid interfaces

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Michio Matsumoto,
• Taizo Mori and
• Lok Kumar Shrestha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1559–1587, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.153

• between amphiphilic triimide with three alkyl chains, a monolayer component, and 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (cyclen), a subphase template, was used to regulate the formation of hydrogen bonds between the imide functional groups as hydrogen-bond acceptors and the secondary amine moieties of cyclen as

Highly ordered mesoporous silica film nanocomposites containing gold nanoparticles for the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol

• Mohamad Azani Jalani,
• Leny Yuliati,
• Siew Ling Lee and
• Hendrik O. Lintang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1368–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.135

• loss of around 4 wt %. This was followed by the decomposition of long aliphatic alkyl chains and aromatics rings from 260 to 450 °C with 70 wt % loss. The total weight loss was calculated to be around 75 wt %. The remaining weight, at around 25 wt %, can be attributed to the presence of possible

Deposition of metal particles onto semiconductor nanorods using an ionic liquid

• Michael D. Ballentine,
• Elizabeth G. Embry,
• Marco A. Garcia and
• Lawrence J. Hill

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 718–724, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.71

• diameter of 4 ± 1 nm as determined by TEM imaging, with a sample size of at least 100 particles in each case. The obtained nanorods are capped with tightly bound phosphonic acid ligands bearing long hydrophobic alkyl chains. Rather than exchanging these ligands to allow these nanorods to be dispersed in

Ultrathin hydrophobic films based on the metal organic framework UiO-66-COOH(Zr)

• Miguel A. Andrés,
• Clemence Sicard,
• Christian Serre,
• Olivier Roubeau and
• Ignacio Gascón

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 654–665, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.65

• film homogeneity. Interestingly, a recent study has shown that alkyl phosphonic acids, such as ODP, interact with the zirconium oxide clusters situated near and on the surface of Zr-based MOFs and the surface free energy on the exterior of the MOF can be reduced by the octadecyl alkyl chains, spawning

• supramolecular porous frameworks (NMOF-1) by coordination directed self-assembly of hydrophobic alkyl chains (OPE-C18) with Zn(II) and coated glass substrates using its ethanolic dispersions (thickness of the coating not specified). However, WCA values in most of the previous studies [34][36][48][49][50][51][52

Polymorphic self-assembly of pyrazine-based tectons at the solution–solid interface

• Achintya Jana,
• Puneet Mishra and
• Neeladri Das

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 494–499, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.50

• -assemble on any given substrate. Some of the avenues explored to ensure immobilization of the desired molecules involve functionalization of the molecule by long alkyl chains acting as anchors [13] or utilization of a molecular template [14], but they have limitations such as difficulty in the synthesis of

One-step nonhydrolytic sol–gel synthesis of mesoporous TiO₂ phosphonate hybrid materials

• Yanhui Wang,
• P. Hubert Mutin and
• Johan G. Alauzun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 356–362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.35

• lack of porosity of this sample likely results from the interdigitation or mixing of the alkyl chains. These mesoporous metal oxide–phosphonate materials can be seen as a low-cost alternative to periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMOs) and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) for applications in the field

A novel polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-modified layered double hydroxide: preparation, characterization and properties

• Xianwei Zhang,
• Zhongzhu Ma,
• Hong Fan,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Jintao Wan and
• Philippe Dubois

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3053–3068, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.284

• –Al LDH in this work. Herein, OCPS was chosen as the candidate POSS intercalator because of the following advantages: (i) The long alkyl chains anchoring on the rigid POSS cage are flexible, reducing the resistance against the formation of layered structure. (ii) The OCPS molecule is rich in

Induced smectic phase in binary mixtures of twist-bend nematogens

• Anamarija Knežević,
• Irena Dokli,
• Marin Sapunar,
• Suzana Šegota,
• Ute Baumeister and
• Andreja Lesac

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1297–1307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.122

• spectra of liquid crystals is a consequence of disordering of chain packing and the introduction of gauche conformers on the alkyl chains which leads to their more liquid-like state [38][41][42][43]. This change is most evident at the crystal–smectic transition since in the solid state the chains are

• stretching bands region of: a) 73 mol % mixture – 50 °C (green), 75 °C (blue), 90 °C (cyan), 100 °C (red), 125 °C (black), b) pure BB – 25 °C (green), 95 °C (black), 125 °C (red), c) pure CBI – 25 °C (green), 130 °C (black), 150 °C (red). a) Free rotation of the C–C bonds of the alkyl chains in the gas phase

• and benzene ring are shown. b) All-trans conformation and c) single gauche conformations of the alkyl chain of BB. The volume excluded by the alkyl chains is marked by the blue cylinders. a) A sketch of the hypothetical intercalated smectic-like organization of pure BB, where d denotes layer spacing

Formation and development of nanometer-sized cybotactic clusters in bent-core nematic liquid crystalline compounds

• Yuri P. Panarin,
• Sithara P. Sreenilayam,
• Jagdish K. Vij,
• Anne Lehmann and
• Carsten Tschierske

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1288–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.121

• terminated by the two identical alkyl chains with variable chain lengths: CnH2n+1 where n varies from 2 to 14. The longer chain components form SmC-like B2 phases [53]. This series has been studied and characterized by polarizing optical microscopy and XRD [40] and displays a nematic phase with cybotactic

• clusters (NcybC) of the SmC type as explained above. The second compound, BCN84, has two asymmetrical alkyl chains of different lengths and is of the same molar mass as BCN66. The dielectric permittivity measurements were carried out using a broadband alpha high-resolution dielectric analyzer (Novocontrol

Synthesis and characterization of two new TiO₂-containing benzothiazole-based imine composites for organic device applications

• Anna Różycka,
• Agnieszka Iwan,
• Krzysztof Artur Bogdanowicz,
• Michal Filapek,
• Natalia Górska,
• Damian Pociecha,
• Marek Malinowski,
• Patryk Fryń,
• Agnieszka Hreniak,
• Jakub Rysz,
• Paweł Dąbczyński and
• Monika Marzec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 721–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.67

• (CH2) and νs(CH2) respectively, of alkyl chains of the investigated compound. Their positions give evidence of highly ordered hydrocarbon chains with an all-trans conformation at this temperature. With increasing temperature, both bands shift significantly toward larger wavenumbers (Figure 3a). The

• scissoring and bending δ(CH) modes in alkyl chains located at 1465 and 1453 cm−1 are clearly visible. Some changes of the IR spectrum during the melting process can also be noticed in the lower wavenumber range (below 900 cm−1) as presented in Figure 3c. The shifting of the ν(C–S) mode toward lower

• wavenumbers by 12 cm−1 and the large change of intensity of the γ(CH)ar modes located at 833 and 799 cm−1 are especially peculiar. This proves that all the molecular groups such as imine, benzothiazole, aromatic rings as well as alkyl chains, being part of SP2, are involved in the transition into the

Tuning adhesion forces between functionalized gold colloidal nanoparticles and silicon AFM tips: role of ligands and capillary forces

• Sven Oras,
• Sergei Vlassov,
• Marta Berholts,
• Rünno Lõhmus and
• Karine Mougin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 660–670, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.61

• close packing of the molecules ensured by vdW interactions between chains plays an essential role in stabilizing thin molecular films or coatings. It is well known that molecules with short alkyl chains (n < 8, where n represents the number of carbon atoms groups along the chain skeleton of the molecules

Fabrication and photoactivity of ionic liquid–TiO₂ structures for efficient visible-light-induced photocatalytic decomposition of organic pollutants in aqueous phase

• Anna Gołąbiewska,
• Marta Paszkiewicz-Gawron,
• Aleksandra Sadzińska,
• Wojciech Lisowski,
• Ewelina Grabowska,
• Adriana Zaleska-Medynska and
• Justyna Łuczak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 580–590, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.54

• samples, the dominant fraction were the microspheres with an average diameter ranging from 3 to 5 µm. Based on these results, as well as our previous study [28], we can conclude that longer alkyl chains in the imidazolium cation lead to a larger particle size. Recently we examined the influence of two

• of the alkyl substituent provided photocatalysts with smaller surface area. This property may be related to formation of the protecting layer by the IL at the TiO2 surface, resulting therefore in higher steric hindrance for salts with longer alkyl chains influencing the final pore volume, and thus

Design of polar self-assembling lactic acid derivatives possessing submicrometre helical pitch

• Alexej Bubnov,
• Cyril Vacek,
• Michał Czerwiński,
• Terezia Vojtylová,
• Wiktor Piecek and
• Věra Hamplová

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 333–341, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.33

• University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland 10.3762/bjnano.9.33 Abstract Several new lactic acid derivatives containing the keto linkage group far from the chiral part and short alkyl chains have been synthesized and characterised by polarising optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, as well as

• their combination) by a keto group in order to link alkyl chains with the molecular core can result in a considerable increase in the values of the spontaneous polarisation [35][36]. Specifically, several series of the lactic acid derivatives [9] possessing a keto group utilised as a linkage between the

• materials with much longer alkyl chains possess this type of spontaneous polarisation and tilt angle behaviour as well [20]. Saturated θs values reach 20–28°, which is very comparable to values that can be found for materials with the ether linkage group [9][52] or for similar compounds with the keto group

Dielectric properties of a bisimidazolium salt with dodecyl sulfate anion doped with carbon nanotubes

• Doina Manaila Maximean,
• Viorel Cîrcu and
• Constantin Paul Ganea

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 164–174, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.19

• methylene spacer and long alkyl tails [20]. The LC properties are influenced, in the order of impact, by spacer length, alkyl tail length and, finally, by the length of alkyl chains attached to the sulfate groups [21]. Furthermore, the liquid crystalline compounds with alkyl sulfate anions have lower

• one sharp and intense diffraction peak in the small-angle region (27.3 Å) and a second broad peak at wide angles (around 4.5 Å). The first peak was assigned to the (001) reflection corresponding to a lamellar structure while the broad peak is due to the liquid-like order of the molten alkyl chains

The role of ligands in coinage-metal nanoparticles for electronics

• Ioannis Kanelidis and
• Tobias Kraus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2625–2639, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.263

• thiols with eight, six, or four carbon atoms in their alkyl chains exhibited descending sintering temperatures from the longer thiol (204 °C) to the shorter (155 °C). The layer prepared from the C4-thiol-functionalized gold nanoparticles could be annealed at 160 °C, a temperature sufficiently low to