Pulsed laser in liquid grafting of gold nanoparticle–carbon support composites

• Madeleine K. Wilsey,
• Teona Taseska,
• Qishen Lyu,
• Connor P. Cox and
• Astrid M. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 349–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.26

• generated by water oxidation at the anode (2H2O ⇌ O2 + 4H+ + 4e−) [12]. To enable equilibration of bicarbonate anions between the two compartments during electrolysis, we used an anion exchange membrane to separate the cathode from the anode compartment. Although anion exchange membranes are designed to

Liquid fuel cells

• Grigorii L. Soloveichik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1399–1418, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.153

• exchange membranes; direct alcohol fuel cells; direct borohydride fuel cells; electrocatalysts; liquid fuel cells; organic fuel; proton exchange membranes; Introduction Fuel cells are considered to be one of the key elements of the “hydrogen economy”, in which hydrogen generated from renewable energy

• streams, and enhanced safety. This review focuses on the use of different types of organic fuels as an anode material for LFCs. An overview of the current state of the art and recent trends in the development of LFC and the challenges of their practical implementation are presented. Keywords: anion