Clays enhanced with niobium: potential in wastewater treatment and reuse as pigment with antibacterial activity

• Silvia Jaerger,
• Patricia Appelt,
• Mario Antônio Alves da Cunha,
• Fabián Ccahuana Ayma,
• Ricardo Schneider,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Fauze Jacó Anaissi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 141–154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.13

• inhibiting Gram-negative bacteria, which typically exhibit increased resistance due to the presence of an outer membrane that protects them from certain antimicrobial agents [29]. Therefore, the preliminary results indicate that bentonite clay modification with niobium oxide (BEOx) and niobium phosphate

Characterization of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GP258

• Prashantkumar Siddappa Chakra,
• Aishwarya Banakar,
• Shriram Narayan Puranik,
• Vishwas Kaveeshwar,
• C. R. Ravikumar and
• Devaraja Gayathri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 78–89, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.8

• that make them usable for a broad variety of applications such as cancer treatments, antimicrobial agents, and cutting-edge materials in several sectors. The sustainable and cost-effective synthesis route, along with the tunable properties of ZnO NPs, offers exciting possibilities for future research

Hymenoptera and biomimetic surfaces: insights and innovations

• Vinicius Marques Lopez,
• Carlo Polidori and
• Rhainer Guillermo Ferreira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1333–1352, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.107

• devices. These devices can release antimicrobial agents or probiotics to prevent infections and promote healing. For example, catheters and implants can mimic the wasp structures to reduce the risk of infection and enhance the body’s natural healing processes. Mesosoma Wings: In order to fulfill their

Berberine-loaded polylactic acid nanofiber scaffold as a drug delivery system: The relationship between chemical characteristics, drug-release behavior, and antibacterial efficiency

• Le Thi Le,
• Hue Thi Nguyen,
• Liem Thanh Nguyen,
• Huy Quang Tran and
• Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 71–82, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.7

• . The release profile of antimicrobial agents should be adjusted depending on the infection conditions, such that a burst release mode is required for acute microbial infections, while slow and long-term release is more adequate to treat chronic infections [32]. This study aims to investigate the drug

Quercetin- and caffeic acid-functionalized chitosan-capped colloidal silver nanoparticles: one-pot synthesis, characterization, and anticancer and antibacterial activities

• Akif Hakan Kurt,
• Elif Berna Olutas,
• Fatma Avcioglu,
• Hamza Karakuş,
• Mehmet Ali Sungur,
• Cansu Kara Oztabag and
• Muhammet Yıldırım

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 362–376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.31

• range of uses such as antibacterial and antimicrobial agents, healthcare-related products, medical device coatings, anticancer agents, optical sensors, anti-inflammatory agents, biocatalysts, cosmetics, and biosensors [41][42][43][44][45]. The combination of polymer-coated metal nanoparticles

Antimicrobial and mechanical properties of functionalized textile by nanoarchitectured photoinduced Ag@polymer coating

• Jessica Plé,
• Marine Dabert,
• Helene Lecoq,
• Sophie Hellé,
• Lydie Ploux and
• Lavinia Balan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 95–109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.11

• the outer cell membrane and as such, are less likely to prompt resistance in microorganisms. In addition, their tunable sizes, shapes, and high surface area-to-mass ratio offer increased interactions with cells [8]. The prevalent MNPs used today as antimicrobial agents are copper [9] (or copper oxide

• antimicrobial agents can be further explored by combining them with a physical matrix. Textiles are a prime breeding ground for bacteria and fungi, given the right temperature, nutrient-available and humidity conditions. With this in mind, antimicrobial nanoparticles-functionalized textiles are being actively

Supramolecular assembly of pentamidine and polymeric cyclodextrin bimetallic core–shell nanoarchitectures

• Alexandru-Milentie Hada,
• Nina Burduja,
• Marco Abbate,
• Claudio Stagno,
• Guy Caljon,
• Louis Maes,
• Nicola Micale,
• Massimiliano Cordaro,
• Angela Scala,
• Antonino Mazzaglia and
• Anna Piperno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1361–1369, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.112

• combination of noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) with conventional antimicrobial drugs, are considered the next generation of antimicrobial agents. Therefore, there is an increasing demand for rapid, eco-friendly, and relatively inexpensive synthetic approaches for the preparation of nontoxic metallic

• during the reduction/stabilization of metal NPs was investigated for the first time by NMR spectroscopy. Keywords: antimicrobial agents; bimetallic nanoparticles; gold/silver core–shell; Leishmania; pentamidine; polycyclodextrin; Introduction Noble metal nanoparticles (NPs), in particular those

• distribution of the metallic element determines the structural characteristics of the resulting BMNPs (i.e., alloy, core–shell, or intermediate stages) [6]. The scientific value of noble MNPs and BMNPs has been recently highlighted by the development of novel antimicrobial agents with remarkable activity

Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications

• Aisha Kanwal,
• Naheed Bibi,
• Sajjad Hyder,
• Arif Muhammad,
• Hao Ren,
• Jiangtao Liu and
• Zhongli Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93

Bioselectivity of silk protein-based materials and their bio-inspired applications

• Hendrik Bargel,
• Vanessa T. Trossmann,
• Christoph Sommer and
• Thomas Scheibel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 902–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.81

• biomaterials and medical devices with antifouling and antibacterial properties, but with reduced susceptibility to enzymatic degradation [85]. General advantages of AMPs/HDPs and mimicking polymer systems over antibiotics as a new generation of antimicrobial agents are their functional diversity, broad

Engineered titania nanomaterials in advanced clinical applications

• Padmavati Sahare,
• Paulina Govea Alvarez,
• Juan Manual Sanchez Yanez,
• Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas,
• Samik Chakraborty,
• Sujay Paul and
• Miriam Estevez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 201–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.15

• significantly increases early HGF adhesion, migration, and ECM secretion [74]. The aforementioned studies suggest that nanostructured titania offers additional benefits for the successful and long-term retention of the implants. Titania nanomaterials as antimicrobial agents The treatment of bacterial infections

• applications, such as implants, drug delivery systems, phototherapy, antimicrobial agents, and as antidotes to snake venom. TiO2 nanomaterials have admirable potential for bone implants that favor bone cell growth, differentiation, and apatite growth. Furthermore, ROS generation by TiO2 nanoscale systems

• studies, long-term in vivo studies under mechanical load, quantification of local drug release inside the bone microenvironment are further challenges to be addressed for the efficient clinical translation of TiO2 implants. Titania nanomaterials are gaining popularity as antimicrobial agents due to their

Silver nanoparticles nucleated in NaOH-treated halloysite: a potential antimicrobial material

• Yuri B. Matos,
• Rodrigo S. Romanus,
• Mattheus Torquato,
• Edgar H. de Souza,
• Rodrigo L. Villanova,
• Marlene Soares and
• Emilson R. Viana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 798–807, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.63

• of the top ten threats to public health [1]. Antimicrobial nanomaterials are one of the most promising antibiotic-free alternatives for many applications. Among them are metallic nanoparticles, which could be potent inorganic antimicrobial agents through ion release and the capability to rupture the

• cellular membrane and to disrupt internal cellular components, such as DNA [2][3][4][5][6]. Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs), in particular, are known for their antimicrobial properties and are one of the most extensively studied inorganic antimicrobial agents [7][8][9]. Early studies suggested that Ag-NPs

• , improving dispersability into polymeric matrices, keeping good biocompatibility with the human body, and immobilizing Ag-NPs on a substrate, which provides better interaction with bacteria and is a more eco-friendly way to obtain antimicrobial agents. Halloysite (HNT) is a natural clay, consisting of an

A review on nanostructured silver as a basic ingredient in medicine: physicochemical parameters and characterization

• Gabriel M. Misirli,
• Kishore Sridharan and
• Shirley M. P. Abrantes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 440–461, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.36

• ][20][21]. Estimates suggest that infections, due to an increased resistance of bacteria and viruses to antimicrobial agents, cause at least 700,000 deaths each year. One scenario, developed by the WHO, predicts that this number could increase to 10 million per year by 2050 if no action is taken to

• increase in multidrug-resistant microorganisms in recent years has call the attention of the scientists to the exploitation of silver and silver nanoparticles as antimicrobial agents [25]. Unique properties of AgNPs present a reasonable alternative for the development of new biocides owing to its lethal

A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures

• Sina Kaabipour and
• Shohreh Hemmati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 102–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.9

• be seen in the development of antimicrobial agents, biosensors, optics, solar energy, and drug delivery [267][268][269]. 3.2 Fungi-mediated synthesis Fungal species have demonstrated significant potential for the synthesis of AgNPs. Their high binding and bioaccumulation capacity, intracellular

Antimicrobial metal-based nanoparticles: a review on their synthesis, types and antimicrobial action

• Matías Guerrero Correa,
• Fernanda B. Martínez,
• Cristian Patiño Vidal,
• Camilo Streitt,
• Juan Escrig and
• Carol Lopez de Dicastillo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1450–1469, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.129

• of nosocomial infections occurring during hospitalization and food poisoning derived from foodborne pathogens. Antimicrobial agents are necessary in various fields in which biological contamination occurs. For example, in food packaging they are used to control food contamination by microbes, in the

• changes caused either by misuse or excessive use of drugs and antimicrobial agents, which significantly impacts the public health system. Thus, the research and development of a new generation of innovative and effective antimicrobial agents have become an urgent need. In this search, the scientific

• friendly biosynthetic nanoparticles as antimicrobial agents. Several ecological routes have been investigated, focusing on the search for natural resources. Methods based on the biological synthesis of nanoparticles through the usage of plant extracts [76][77], raw materials from fruits and vegetables [78

Preparation and in vivo evaluation of glyco-gold nanoparticles carrying synthetic mycobacterial hexaarabinofuranoside

• Gennady L. Burygin,
• Polina I. Abronina,
• Nikita M. Podvalnyy,
• Sergey A. Staroverov,
• Leonid O. Kononov and
• Lev A. Dykman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 480–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.39

• ], which enables the exchange of citrate ligands with amines. The amine-capped GNPs are stable enough to be used as targeting agents for drug-delivery applications [75], as antigens for the generation of antibodies [77], or as antimicrobial agents [78]. These nanoconjugates are nontoxic, effectively

Comparative study of antibacterial properties of polystyrene films with TiO_x and Cu nanoparticles fabricated using cluster beam technique

• Vladimir N. Popok,
• Cesarino M. Jeppesen,
• Peter Fojan,
• Anna Kuzminova,
• Jan Hanuš and
• Ondřej Kylián

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 861–869, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.80

• organic cells. Because of these toxic properties the films and nanostructures of such metals or metal compounds are widely used as antibacterial and antimicrobial agents. Among them are Ag, Cu, Au, CuO, ZnO, Fe3O4, Al2O3 and TiO2, to name just a few [1][2][3]. They all exhibit bactericidal properties

Noble metal-modified titania with visible-light activity for the decomposition of microorganisms

• Maya Endo,
• Zhishun Wei,
• Kunlei Wang,
• Baris Karabiyik,
• Kenta Yoshiiri,
• Paulina Rokicka,
• Bunsho Ohtani,
• Agata Markowska-Szczupak and
• Ewa Kowalska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 829–841, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.77

• of toxic compounds. Moreover, ozonation and UV irradiation are quite expensive technologies considering both investment and exploration costs. Accordingly, inorganic antimicrobial agents have been extensively investigated for water purification since they are stable and environmentally safe

• promote new ones. Moreover, fungi as more complex microorganisms than bacteria and viruses are much more resistant to antimicrobial agents. Therefore, there is a great need to develop new efficient antifungal materials. Regarding this, the antifungal properties of plasmonic photocatalysts have been tested

Vapor deposition routes to conformal polymer thin films

• Priya Moni,
• Ahmed Al-Obeidi and
• Karen K. Gleason

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 723–735, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.76

• that controlled protein adsorption [16]. Martin et al. used iCVD deposited conformal coatings of poly(dimethylaminomethylstyrene) on nylon fabric as antimicrobial agents again E. Coli and B. subtilis, as shown in Figure 6f [27]. Xu et al. demonstrated the benefit of iCVD over plasma enhanced polymer

Antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in pure water and in chloride solution

• Brunella Perito,
• Emilia Giorgetti,
• Paolo Marsili and
• Maurizio Muniz-Miranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 465–473, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.40

• particular, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have increasingly gained importance as promising new antimicrobial agents with application in several biomedical fields, in water and air filtration, as well as in conservation of cultural heritage [11][12][13][14]. Although the mode of action of AgNPs against

Mimicking exposures to acute and lifetime concentrations of inhaled silver nanoparticles by two different in vitro approaches

• Fabian Herzog,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Sandor Balog,
• Martin J. D. Clift,
• Matthias Epple,
• Peter Gehr,
• Alke Petri-Fink and
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1357–1370, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.149

• as objects with all three external dimensions between 1 and 100 nm [2], silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) allow for a vast range of applications and are the most commonly used material in the emerging markets of nano-sized products [3][4][5][6]. Consumer applications using Ag NPs as antimicrobial agents

Antimicrobial properties of CuO nanorods and multi-armed nanoparticles against B. anthracis vegetative cells and endospores

• Pratibha Pandey,
• Merwyn S. Packiyaraj,
• Himangini Nigam,
• Gauri S. Agarwal,
• Beer Singh and
• Manoj K. Patra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 789–800, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.91

• inorganic agents compared to organic antimicrobial agents [8]. The safe and efficient decontamination of civilian water resources and facilities after an attack with B. anthracis is a potential application for nanomaterials. A considerable amount of research was published recently in the field of