Superconducting artificial neural networks and quantum circuits

• Anatolie S. Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 744–747, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.51

• useful for engineering improved qubits for quantum computation [21]. Novel microwave quantum detectors [22], ultra-high-frequency receivers [23], and terahertz-range on-chip oscillators [24] based on superconducting heterostructures demonstrate significant potential for various applications of

• the RM project (G.A. No. O2.02.01) “Nanostructures and advanced materials for applications in spintronics, thermoelectricity and optoelectronics” is gratefully acknowledged. Anatolie S. Sidorenko Chisinau, February 2026

Environmental applications of silver nanoparticles: state-of-the-art review and emerging trends

• Soni Prajapati,
• Akash Kumar and
• Ranjana Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 697–736, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.49

• properties, making them a strong candidate for environmental applications in water, air, and soil. Indeed, various reviews are available, though a significant gap persists in addressing all environmental pollutants. This review comprehensively and critically analyses the advancement in AgNP research spanning

• applications for heavy metal immobilisation, organic pollutant degradation, plant disease management, and growth promotion are assessed alongside their ecotoxicological implications. Besides remediation, environmental monitoring capabilities of AgNP-based sensing platforms are systematically reviewed across

• the responsible, scalable application of AgNP-based technologies to address contemporary environmental challenges. Keywords: AgNPs; air application; environmental pollutants; soil applications; synthesis; water application; Review 1 Introduction Environmental pollution has intensified globally due

Molecular engineering of individual dye-based nanoparticle photostability for ultrabright two-photon fluorescence

• Eleonore Kurek,
• Sasha Cooper,
• Alexandre Clausolles,
• Karen Perronet,
• Jonathan Daniel,
• Mireille Blanchard-Desce and
• François Marquier

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 688–696, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.48

• nonlinear fluorescence microscopy and bioimaging applications. Keywords: bottom-up design; organic nanoparticles; two-photon fluorescence; two-photon microscopy; Introduction Dye-based fluorescent organic nanoparticles (dFONs) are a class of self-stabilized bioimaging probes composed solely of aggregated

• dFONs (including their colloidal stability and surface properties) can be precisely tuned through molecular engineering of specific dye building blocks [1]. dFONs have demonstrated significant potential in bioimaging applications. They have been used as biosensors for various ions [4] and thiols [5], as

• . Such insights are essential for optimizing fluorophore-based nanoparticles in nonlinear microscopy and other bioimaging applications where brightness and stability must be carefully balanced. Experimental Nanoparticle preparation The synthesis and characterization of the dyes are described in details

Protein-based custom-designed molecular nanotraps for biomedical applications

• Devid Maniglio,
• Alice Marinangeli and
• Alessandra Maria Bossi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 683–687, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.47

• recognition towards molecular targets of clinical relevance. Envisaged applications span from targeting relevant biomarkers for therapeutics, diagnostics, and in situ sensing to building high-complexity order meta-biomaterials. Keywords: bioMIPs; gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA); meta-biomaterials; molecularly

• imprinted polymers; natural polymers silk fibroin; SilMA; Introduction Molecular recognition is a cornerstone in biomedical nanotechnology; it is pivotal to applications ranging from drug delivery to sequestering and to sensing. Where traditional affinity systems, such as antibodies, fall short for

• biocompatible and non-toxic, de facto meet all the essential requirements for any intended clinical or biomedical applications, while improving sustainability [7][8]. From the concept to the practical aspects, a key question is: How should the choice of the natural biopolymer building blocks for the synthesis

afspm: A framework for manufacturer-agnostic automation in scanning probe microscopy

• Nicholas J. Sullivan,
• Julio J. Valdés,
• Kirk H. Bevan and
• Peter Grutter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 653–667, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.45

• processes on the computer to communicate with each other; they differ from in-process communication in their generality (being language-agnostic) and their added timing delays (which could be limiting in high-frequency applications). Because this complicates scripts, some manufacturers expose a language

Cellulose as a photocatalyst support material: extraction, structural features, and environmental applications

• Yee Teng Lim,
• Nur Farhana Jaafar,
• Azizul Hakim Lahuri and
• Endang Tri Wahyuni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 635–652, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.44

• for cellulose extraction were also explored such as acid hydrolysis, enzymatic hydrolysis, oxidation, and mechanical or solvent-based techniques. Besides that, this review highlights the role of cellulose in photocatalytic applications, where its high surface area, structural porosity, and abundance

• polymers provide distinct advantages such as renewability, biodegradability, and biocompatibility, which make them particularly valuable for biomedical applications. Among polysaccharides, cellulose is the most abundant biodegradable polymer [1]. Many researchers have reported on the extraction of

• exciting possibilities for diverse applications [6]. Extracting cellulose from waste is crucial for its effective use. Several methods exist such as acid hydrolysis [3], enzymatic hydrolysis [8], green solvent-based extraction [9], and ionic liquid treatment [10], where each method has specific advantages

Two-step laser synthesis of Ag@TiO₂ nanomaterials for the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B

• Marija Kovačević,
• Miloš Tošić,
• Rafaela Radičić,
• Vladimir Rajić,
• Nikša Krstulović,
• Miloš Momčilović and
• Sanja Živković

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 622–634, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.43

• , extending light absorption toward the visible region [12] and enabling efficient activity under visible light. In sum, laser-synthesized Ag@TiO2 nanoparticles uniquely combine structural purity and optical enhancement, positioning them as superior candidates for solar-assisted photocatalytic applications

• [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Rhodamine B (RhB, Figure 1) is a synthetic fluorescent dye from the xanthene family, widely utilized across multiple industrial sectors such as textile manufacturing, papermaking, plastic processing, cosmetics, and biomedical applications, due to its vivid color

Recent progress in enhancing built-in electric fields of perovskite solar cells via junction engineering

• Tong Xiao and
• Ke Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 602–621, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.42

Towards targeted drugs and next generation of nanomedicines

• Anna Salvati,
• Silvia Giordani and
• Wolfgang J. Parak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 598–601, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.41

• controls available, which were decisive for the development towards clinical use. Last but not least, the field of nanosafety/nanotoxicology has set focus on the importance of counterbalancing the benefits and risks of the use of nanomaterials for potential clinical applications. Hence, while the first

• conventional drugs, one factor which is still limiting nanomedicine efficacy is their targeting capacity, especially in applications requiring extra-hepatic delivery. In fact, upon administration, most nanomaterials are sequestered by the liver, and only a small fraction of the injected nanoparticles reaches

• , enabling targeting to either the liver, the lung, or the spleen [30]. While stimuli-responsive nanomedicines and endogenous targeting are investigated as potential new strategies to achieve targeting, other research topics focus on alternative administration routes for specific applications, such as

Impacts of annealing on structural and photophysical properties of zinc phthalocyanine adsorbed on graphene

• Gautier Creutzer,
• Quentin Fernez,
• Nataliya Kalashnyk,
• Zohreh Safarzadeh,
• Lydia Sosa Vargas,
• Céline Fiorini-Debuisschert,
• Nicolas Fabre and
• Fabrice Charra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 576–585, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.39

• ), a well-known family of organic semiconductors, have been the subject of intensive research [15]. This family of molecules offers many advantages for industrial applications such as nontoxicity, thermal and chemical stability, and strong optical absorption [16][17]. It has also become a paradigm in

Laser–material interactions in liquids for the synthesis of nanomaterials: current status and perspectives

• Carlos Doñate Buendia,
• Bilal Gökce and
• Leonid V. Zhigilei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 571–575, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.38

• , functional applications often require incorporation of additives for size control [44], enhanced colloidal stability [45], or specific surface functionalization [46]. For example, the use of scavengers to capture reactive species can influence nanoparticle size [47] and increase productivity [48

• processing parameters has enabled a wide range of applications [53]. These include catalysis [54] (e.g., for oxygen [55] and hydrogen evolution reactions [56] in hydrogen production), sensing (e.g., surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy [51] for detection of pollutants and optical sensing of glucose [57

• ]), generation of soft magnets for magnetocaloric applications [58], fabrication of photodetectors [59], nanoscale agents for photodynamic [60] and neutron capture therapy [61], incorporation of nanoparticles into solar cells [62], light-harvesting nanofluids [63], and materials with enhanced mechanical [64] or

Synthesis of Cu–Mo/TiO₂ and Co–Mo/TiO₂ photocatalysts for the efficient degradation of organic pollutants in water

• Ilse Acosta,
• Brenda Zermeño,
• Edgar Moctezuma,
• Luis F. Garay-Rodríguez and
• Isaías Juárez-Ramírez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 559–570, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.37

• most organic compounds [2]. Among AOPs, TiO2 photocatalysis is one of the most viable environmental technologies due to its low cost and the stability of TiO2. Limitations of TiO2 in photocatalysis applications come from rapid charge recombination and the wide bandgap [3]. Various strategies have been

Advances in nanotechnology applied to natural products

• Douglas Dourado,
• Fábio Rocha Formiga,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar and
• Franceline Reynaud

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 555–558, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.36

• , hybrid, and inorganic platforms, reflecting the interdisciplinarity of the field, from nanosystem synthesis and physicochemical characterization to biomedical, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and environmental applications. Among the nanostructures, lipid-based carriers, including nanoemulsions, microemulsions

• formulated as oil-in-water (O/W) or water-in-oil (W/O) systems [3]. These carriers have been widely used to deliver natural products, particularly essential or fixed oils and their isolated constituents, for a wide range of applications. In this thematic issue, contributions examine nanoemulsion-based

• mediators with nanoemulsified oils than with the corresponding unprocessed ones (in natura) [7][8]. In this collection, contributions explore the applications of these formulations in the context of local edema and ocular inflammation. Beyond anti-inflammatory applications, nanoemulsions containing natural

Electrochemical determination of ciprofloxacin using a MIL-101/reduced graphene oxide-modified electrode

• Nguyen Quang Man,
• Nguyen Ngoc Nghia,
• Nguyen Vinh Phu,
• Vo Thi Khanh Ly,
• Le Lam Son,
• Pham Khac Lieu,
• Le Thi Hong Phong,
• Nguyen Dinh Luyen and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 541–554, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.35

• results from both figures confirm the successful formation of MIL-101/rGO composites. This structural combination is beneficial for electrochemical applications because rGO improves electrical conductivity and promotes charge transfer. The Raman spectra of GO, rGO, MIL-101, and the MIL-101/rGO composites

Fractional shot noise of an SU(N) Kondo system

• Damian Krychowski and
• Stanisław Lipiński

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 515–540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.34

• both fundamental physics and potential quantum information applications, detection, and sensing [1][2][3][4]. To achieve these goals, the increasing ability to manipulate quantum states is crucial. As electrons are confined in fewer dimensions and as the size of the dot decreases, the charging energy

• understanding a large variety of intricate many-body problems. Potential applications are also relevant. Let us just mention a few: The Kondo effect can be used, for example, as conductance control mechanism [5][17], in probing magnetic interactions [18], or, when polarized electrodes are connected, also for

• degeneracy. From the perspective of potential applications, it is important that the Anderson SU(N) model can be realized in a controlled way in various nanoscopic structures [37][38] and in correlated cold atomic gases [39][40]. A proposal of the SU(6) Kondo effect for a QD structure can be found in [39

Upcycling agroindustrial waste into graphene oxide supports for gold nanoparticles: toward sustainable nanomaterials

• Juan Marcos Castro-Tapia,
• Selene Acosta,
• Hiram Joazet Ojeda-Galván,
• Elsie Evelyn Araujo-Palomo,
• Edgar Giovanni Villabona-Leal and
• Mildred Quintana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 489–504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.32

• -related applications. The results reveal that Agro-GO exhibits tunable oxidation levels, diverse surface functionalities, and morphologies comparable to those of conventional GO; these properties strongly depend on the type of agroindustrial waste precursor used. These findings demonstrate the feasibility

• ; hybrid nanocomposites; plasmonic nanomaterials; surface functionalization; Introduction Graphene oxide (GO), due to its unique physicochemical properties, is widely explored regarding a range of applications, including sensors, water purification, and energy storage and conversion [1][2][3][4][5]. GO is

• scaled up for industrial applications. In this context, there is an urgent need to develop sustainable methods for producing GO-based materials. Alternative approaches such as electrochemical exfoliation, green oxidation processes, hydrothermal treatment, and pyrolysis have emerged as more eco-friendly

Defects and defect-mediated engineering of two-dimensional materials: challenges and open questions

• Arkady V. Krasheninnikov,
• Matthias Batzill,
• Anouar-Akacha Delenda,
• Marija Drndić,
• Chris Ewels,
• Katharina J. Franke,
• Mahdi Ghorbani-Asl,
• Alexander Holleitner,
• Ado Jorio,
• Ute Kaiser,
• Daria Kieczka,
• Hannu-Pekka Komsa,
• Jani Kotakoski,
• Manuel Längle,
• David Lamprecht,
• Yun Liu,
• Steven G. Louie,
• Janina Maultzsch,
• Thomas Michely,
• Katherine Milton,
• Anna Niggas,
• Hanako Okuno,
• Joshua A. Robinson,
• Marika Schleberger,
• Bruno Schuler,
• Alexander Shluger,
• Kazu Suenaga,
• Kristian S. Thygesen,
• Richard A. Wilhelm,
• E. Harriet Åhlgren and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 454–488, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.31

• -mediated engineering of nanomaterials for energy and quantum applications” organized by the Beilstein-Institut. Following the discussions at the symposium, here, we present the challenges and open questions in our understanding of the behavior of defective 2D materials, interaction of energetic particles

• engineering of nanomaterials for energy and quantum applications”, organized in Rüdesheim, Germany, by the Beilstein-Institut [38]. Following the symposium, in this article, we discuss the challenges and open questions, in our understanding, of the behavior of defective 2D materials, interaction of energetic

• them to be deep acceptors. In addition, chalcogen vacancies in TMDs are readily passivated by oxygen in air [51][140]. Can magnetic moments of individual defects be measured? Solid-state spin defects have emerged as essential building blocks for quantum communication and sensing applications [141]. In

Nanocarrier-integrated multilayer films produced by 3D printing for improved skin adhesion and curcumin photostability

• Thayse Viana de Oliveira,
• Ana Paula Farias Leão,
• Júlia Leão,
• Cesar Liberato Petzhold and
• Ruy Carlos Ruver Beck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 440–453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.30

• tailored to the requirements of specific applications, such as the production of films intended to promote skin healing [7][8]. Although topical films can be an effective option for facilitating skin repair and wound healing, they must be carefully manufactured to maintain optimal moisture levels, which

• derived from Curcuma longa (turmeric) with well-documented biological activities [15][16], including properties that may be advantageous for skin-healing applications. For example, curcumin exhibits strong anti-inflammatory activity through inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signalling, as well

• for incorporation into topical dosage forms such as emulsions, fibres, films, and hydrogels for wound-healing applications. However, curcumin also exhibits low aqueous solubility, which limits its use in certain formulations [18]. Nanoparticles have the potential to overcome this limitation, as they

First-principles study on elastic properties of Cu, (Cu_1−x,Ni_x)₃Sn and interfacial mechanical properties of (Cu_1−x,Ni_x)₃Sn/Cu in the lead-free solder joint

• Guomin Hua

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 428–439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.29

• alloying strategies to meet the requirements for electronic device miniaturization and harsh environmental applications. Keywords: ductility; elastic modulus; interfacial toughness; lead-free solder; work of adhesion; Introduction Due its toxicity, lead has caused serious problems in human health and

• . Therefore, high-lead solder remains the preferred choice for high-temperature applications at present [1]. In view of the fact that Ni and Pb belong to the same group in the periodic table of elements and have similar chemical and electronic properties [10], researchers have been intrigued to enhance the

Nanoinformatics: spanning scales, systems and solutions

• Iseult Lynch,
• Diego S. T. Martinez,
• Kunal Roy and
• Georgia Melagraki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 423–427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.28

• (CNPEM), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics (DTC) Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India Division of Physical Sciences and Applications, Hellenic Military Academy, Vari 16672, Greece 10.3762/bjnano.17.28 Keywords

Biomimetic nanoparticles in cancer photodynamic therapy: a review of targeted delivery systems and therapeutic outcomes

• Valentina I. Gorbacheva,
• Alexey S. Grabovoy,
• Polina S. Marukhina,
• Anastasiia O. Syrocheva and
• Ekaterina P. Kolesova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 396–422, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.27

• . Additionally, it explores multifunctional and theranostic nanoplatforms, their applications in various cancers, and advances toward clinical use. By integrating targeted delivery, tumor microenvironment modulation, and immunotherapy, BNP-facilitated PDT holds great potential for advancing precise cancer

• nanostructured materials, significantly expanding the range of agents available for PDT applications [18]. The photochemical pathway for ROS generation involves non-radiative relaxation of the excited PS, typically occurring through two primary mechanisms [19]. Type-I reactions involve electron transfer

• theranostic applications [39] by facilitating tumor visualization through various imaging techniques [40], including fluorescence imaging [41], computed tomography [42], and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [43]. The development of nanobiotechnology in PDT opens new horizons for creating more effective and

Eco-efficient materials for agricultural crops based on a mineral rich in MOR- and HEU-type zeolites

• Esperanza Yamile de la Nuez-Pantoja,
• Inocente Rodríguez-Iznaga,
• Gerardo Rodríguez-Fuentes,
• Vitalii Petranovskii,
• Ariel Martínez García,
• José Juan Calvino Gámez and
• Daniel Goma Jiménez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 381–395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.26

• natural zeolites are a viable alternative for the development of efficient, agroecologically sustainable, and low-cost fertilizer materials for massive applications [3][4]. Natural zeolites are porous crystalline hydrated aluminosilicates. They have a three-dimensional, rigid, negatively charged structure

• time, even multicomponent zeolite-containing rocks (e.g., clinoptilolite, heulandite, mordenite, quartz, and plagioclase) retain high sorption and ion exchange activity, sufficient for a wide range of applications. Local extraction minimizes transportation costs, which is especially important for

• the type of species present. These features affect the rate at which cations are delivered to the external environment. This aspect is relevant for agricultural applications, where zeolites are used as controlled-release fertilizers [28] for a range of nutrients. Besides this, most prior work has

Polycatecholamine nanocoatings on stainless steel: the effect on attachment of human fibroblasts and platelets

• Paulina Trzaskowska,
• Ewa Rybak,
• Maciej Trzaskowski,
• Kamil Kopeć,
• Jakub Krzemiński,
• Rafał Podgórski,
• Hatice Genc,
• Mehtap Civelek and
• Iwona Cicha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 365–380, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.25

• , manufacturability and relatively low cost, SS 316L is widely used for orthopedic and dental implants, bone plates, screws, oral implants, and vascular stents [1][2][3][4][5]. In dental and orthopedic applications, fibroblast attachment, spreading, migration, and osteointegration are critical for long-term implant

• nanocoatings might thus be more promising than thicker PDA coatings in this respect, and more extensive research is needed to explore their potential in nanoengineered biomaterial applications. In terms of cell adhesion to polycatechol nanocoatings, our study showed that there is a hydrophilicity and roughness

Ferroelectric nanodot reservoir for neuromorphic computing

• Anna Razumnaya,
• Yuri Tikhonov,
• Dmitrii Naidenko,
• Léo Boron,
• Valerii Vinokur and
• Igor Lukyanchuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 352–364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.24

• applications. The reservoir consists of an ensemble of nonlinear ferroelectric nanodots capable of storing information through their stable polarization states. These nanodots are confined between electrodes and form a network of parallel connected capacitive elements, which can either be addressed

Interconnection morphology effects on the radio frequency response of carbon nanotube sponges

• Manuela Scarselli,
• Javad Rezvani,
• Zeno Zuccari,
• Mattia Scagliotti and
• Simone Tocci

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 343–351, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.23

• applied for these tests, and an increase in the response up to 45% was found for the two studied positions. Keywords: carbon nanotube film; carbon nanotube sponge; chemical vapour deposition; monopole RF antenna; Introduction Most radio frequency (RF) applications rely on the use of conductors with low

• resistivity, especially metals, which, when applied in antennas, guarantee good radiation of electromagnetic (EM) waves into free space. Applications of wireless technology are constantly expanding regarding short-range connections, like wireless local area networks and Bluetooth, and wide-area coverage, like

• cellular networks (4G/5G) for mobile and satellite communication. This vast number of applications often requires that the active materials possess additional properties beyond good electrical conductivity, such as flexibility, lightness, and resistance to thermal and mechanical stress or chemically harsh