Nanomaterials in targeting amyloid-β oligomers: current advances and future directions for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and therapy

• Shiwani Randhawa,
• Trilok Chand Saini,
• Manik Bathla,
• Rahul Bhardwaj,
• Rubina Dhiman and
• Amitabha Acharya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 561–580, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.44

• detecting soluble AβOs in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or blood plasma. It was capable of effectively distinguishing AβOs from Aβ monomers and fibrils, indicating its utility for accurate and selective detection of AβOs [53]. Another group of researchers utilized a similar approach of

Liver-targeting iron oxide nanoparticles and their complexes with plant extracts for biocompatibility

• Shushanik A. Kazaryan,
• Seda A. Oganian,
• Gayane S. Vardanyan,
• Anatolie S. Sidorenko and
• Ashkhen A. Hovhannisyan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1593–1602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.125

• ; EC 2.3.2.2), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP; EC 3.1.3.1) in blood plasma, as well as the content of total protein (TP), albumin, total cholesterol (TC), HDL, and LDL, was carried out using standard BioSystems reagent kits (Barcelona, Spain) on a UV–vis spectrophotometer UV-VIS 18 (MRC, Israel

• parameters of liver function in the plasma of experimental animals (p < 0.05). Biochemical parameters of liver function in the blood plasma of experimental animals in the control series (p < 0.05). Agents administered in the animal experiment model. Acknowledgements The authors thank L. Rshtuni (Russian

Synthesis, characterization and anticancer effect of doxorubicin-loaded dual stimuli-responsive smart nanopolymers

• Ömür Acet,
• Pavel Kirsanov,
• Burcu Önal Acet,
• Inessa Halets-Bui,
• Dzmitry Shcharbin,
• Şeyda Ceylan Cömert and
• Mehmet Odabaşı

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1189–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.96

• our case we observed a release reaching a plateau after 12 h (Figure 4B). Also, it was found that in cancer cells in mice, ammonium/ammonia levels in tumor lesions are in the millimolar range, higher than in the blood plasma. Using tumor cells in culture, the authors showed that Doxil in the presence

Classification and application of metal-based nanoantioxidants in medicine and healthcare

• Nguyen Nhat Nam,
• Nguyen Khoi Song Tran,
• Tan Tai Nguyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Trai,
• Nguyen Phuong Thuy,
• Hoang Dang Khoa Do,
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran and
• Kieu The Loan Trinh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 396–415, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.36

• antioxidant appearing in low-density lipoprotein and human blood plasma contributing to the decrease of oxidative stress. Its mechanism of action relies on the ability to transfer the phenolic H atom to a peroxyl radical (ROO•) much more rapidly than the propagation reactions [50][51][52][53]. Despite the

Biomimetic chitosan with biocomposite nanomaterials for bone tissue repair and regeneration

• Se-Kwon Kim,
• Sesha Subramanian Murugan,
• Pandurang Appana Dalavi,
• Sebanti Gupta,
• Sukumaran Anil,
• Gi Hun Seong and
• Jayachandran Venkatesan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1051–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.92

• incubation with artificial blood plasma, hydroxyapatite bone minerals were formed. The cell survival and cell adhesion of composite-containing MG-63 cells exhibit improved biocompatibility [62]. Also, reduced graphene oxide combined with chitosan was fabricated into a hydrogel by using a tannic acid cross

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

• biomedical interest. In biomedical ultrasound imaging, one has to deal with the radiation force exerted by pulsating gas bubbles and interactions with the components of blood plasma. Changes in the size of a droplet, the distance between the particles, the density of the drop, and the US frequency all affect

Fate and transformation of silver nanoparticles in different biological conditions

• Barbara Pem,
• Marija Ćurlin,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin,
• Valerije Vrček,
• Rinea Barbir,
• Vedran Micek,
• Raluca M. Fratila,
• Jesus M. de la Fuente and
• Ivana Vinković Vrček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 665–679, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.53

• (liver), (f) AOT-AgNPs (brain), (g) PLL-AgNPs (kidney), (h) PLL-AgNPs (liver), (i) PLL-AgNPs (brain). Scale bars are 100 nm. TEM images of objects observed after 30 min of incubation of AgNPs or Ag+ in different test media at a concentration of 100 mg Ag/L. (a) PLL-AgNPs in 1% (w/v) of blood plasma, (b

• PVP-AgNPs, as observed in Figure 2b, occurred already in the circulation as blood represents a chloride-rich medium. To gain more detailed insight into the biotransformation of AgNPs, differently coated AgNPs were incubated for 30 min at a concentration of 100 mg Ag/L in PBS, whole blood (WB), blood

• plasma (BP), or in 1% (w/v) liver, brain, and kidney homogenates. In most tissue homogenates, AgNPs were well dispersed as shown in Figure 3. Although some aggregates were also visible under these conditions, there were no large crystals in kidney, liver, or brain homogenates as observed in vivo (Figure

Transient coating of γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles with glutamate for its delivery to and removal from brain nerve terminals

• Konstantin Paliienko,
• Artem Pastukhov,
• Michal Babič,
• Daniel Horák,
• Olga Vasylchenko and
• Tatiana Borisova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1381–1393, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.122

• , that is, 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) and NaH2PO4, decreased the ability of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles to form a glutamate biocoating by about 50% and 90%, respectively. Only 15% of the amount of glutamate biocoating obtained in water was obtained in blood plasma. Albumin did

• transient glutamate biocoating can be useful for multifunctional theranostics. Keywords: blood plasma; brain nerve terminals; glutamate biocoating; maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles; protein biocorona; Introduction Glutamate is a main fast excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Normal

• and the membrane potential of nerve terminals. Six animals were used for blood plasma preparation. Isolation of nerve terminals (synaptosomes) from rat cortex The cortex zone of the rat brain was rapidly removed and homogenized in ice-cold 0.32 M sucrose, 5 mM HEPES-NaOH, pH 7.4 and 0.2 mM EDTA. The

Highly sensitive detection of estradiol by a SERS sensor based on TiO₂ covered with gold nanoparticles

• Andrea Brognara,
• Ili F. Mohamad Ali Nasri,
• Beatrice R. Bricchi,
• Andrea Li Bassi,
• Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay,
• Matteo Ghidelli and
• Nathalie Lidgi-Guigui

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1026–1035, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.87

• should also be easy to fabricate at reduced cost. In addition, the surface functionalization needs to guarantee the selection, detection and quantification of a target molecule, e.g., a biomarker [1][2][3] or a pollutant [4][5] dissolved in complex media such as blood, plasma, urine, or river and sea

Identification of physicochemical properties that modulate nanoparticle aggregation in blood

• Ludovica Soddu,
• Duong N. Trinh,
• Eimear Dunne,
• Dermot Kenny,
• Giorgia Bernardini,
• Ida Kokalari,
• Arianna Marucco,
• Marco P. Monopoli and
• Ivana Fenoglio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 550–567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.44

• ). Protein corona characterization Access to blood plasma for the corona study The blood plasma used for the corona studies was obtained from the Irish Blood Transfusion service (IBTS) St Vincent’s Hospital, Dublin. The plasma, derived from eight different donors, was polled, aliquoted and stored −80 °C

• until use. The use of this biological fluid for corona studies is covered by the RCSI REC 1246b. Methods On the day of the experiment, an aliquot of blood plasma was thawed and allowed to reach room temperature. Once thawed, the sample was centrifuged for 3 min at 16,000 rcf in order to pellet any

• aggregated proteins. The supernatant was then used for the incubation step while the pellet was discarded. Blood plasma was diluted in PBS in order to obtain solutions with increasing protein. CNPs and SNPs were then added to the solution and were incubated for 1 h at 37 °C under agitation (150 rpm). Sample

Phase inversion-based nanoemulsions of medium chain triglyceride as potential drug delivery system for parenteral applications

• Eike Folker Busmann,
• Dailén García Martínez,
• Henrike Lucas and
• Karsten Mäder

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 213–224, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.16

• calculation of the osmolality OKol(cKol,p). Preparation of isotonic nanoemulsions Given an osmolality of whole blood of 302 ± 5 mOsmol/kg and of blood plasma of 291 ± 4 mOsmol/kg [17], it was decided to produce nanoemulsions with a target osmolality of 300 mOsmol/kg. The necessary salinity of the aqueous

Doxorubicin-loaded human serum albumin nanoparticles overcome transporter-mediated drug resistance in drug-adapted cancer cells

• Hannah Onafuye,
• Sebastian Pieper,
• Dennis Mulac,
• Jindrich Cinatl Jr.,
• Mark N. Wass,
• Klaus Langer and
• Martin Michaelis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1707–1715, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.166

• produce [13][14][15][16][17], and HSA is a well-tolerated material. It is the most abundant protein in human blood plasma and used in many pharmaceutical formulations, in particular as part of critical care treatment [18]. Results Nanoparticle size, polydispersity and drug load HSA nanoparticles were

Cytotoxicity of doxorubicin-conjugated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide]-modified γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles towards human tumor cells

• Zdeněk Plichta,
• Yulia Kozak,
• Rostyslav Panchuk,
• Viktoria Sokolova,
• Matthias Epple,
• Lesya Kobylinska,
• Pavla Jendelová and
• Daniel Horák

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2533–2545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.236

• blood circulation time of the particles; however, it is often immunogenic [13]. As a better alternative to PEG, poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide] (PHPMA) was suggested, which was also used as a substitute for blood plasma [14]. Nevertheless, it has to be noted that nanotechnology in drug

Surface coating affects behavior of metallic nanoparticles in a biological environment

• Darija Domazet Jurašin,
• Marija Ćurlin,
• Ivona Capjak,
• Tea Crnković,
• Marija Lovrić,
• Michal Babič,
• Daniel Horák,
• Ivana Vinković Vrček and
• Srećko Gajović

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 246–262, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.23

• regardless of their chemical composition, surface structure and surface charge. In addition, an assessment of AgNP and SPION behavior in real biological fluids, rat whole blood (WhBl) and blood plasma (BlPl), revealed that the composition of a biological medium is crucial for the colloidal stability and type

• addition of protein (BM), and BM supplemented with common serum protein (BMP). In addition, the behavior of NPs was investigated in real biological fluids: whole blood (WhBl) and blood plasma (BlPl) taken from Wistar rats. Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), as a common cell culture medium for a

• broad range of mammalian cells, was used as a model biological fluid. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) served as a model serum protein due to its biological relevance and high significance in biomedical applications. Albumin is the most abundant protein in mammalian blood plasma and has outstanding buffering

Au nanoparticle-based sensor for apomorphine detection in plasma

• Chiara Zanchi,
• Andrea Lucotti,
• Matteo Tommasini,
• Sebastiano Trusso,
• Ugo de Grazia,
• Emilio Ciusani and
• Paolo M. Ossi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2224–2232, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.228

• unfiltered human blood plasma is presented and discussed. Keywords: apomorphine; Au NPs; nano-roughened films; pulsed laser deposition; self-assembled films; SERS; Introduction In recent years, the analytical applications of Raman spectroscopy and its enhanced variant employing plasmonic media, the surface

• to the substrate [27]. SERS spectra obtained with such substrates are remarkably reproducible and spatially uniform [28][29] thus they appear suitable to be used to rapidly measure the concentration of drugs in blood plasma. We note that, although in principle such substrates can be functionalized

• concentration, in order to compare experimental data at different dipping times. A linear regression was applied to the data sets. SERS of APO in blood plasma In order to prove the feasibility of the method for the detection of APO in real samples, some initial trials were carried out on unfiltered blood plasma

Protein corona – from molecular adsorption to physiological complexity

• Lennart Treuel,
• Dominic Docter,
• Michael Maskos and
• Roland H. Stauber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 857–873, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.88

• formation under physiological conditions it is essential to identify the underlying individual factors governing the corona under these conditions. In 2011, Tenzer and colleagues discovered that the size of the particles alone is a critical physicochemical determinant of the human blood plasma corona [8

• signatures, as identified by quantitative mass spectrometry, by their calculated isoelectric point (Figure 5). At the physiological pH of blood plasma (pH 7.3), preferential binding of negatively charged proteins (pI < 7) onto the SiNP surfaces was reported. The protein size also played a significant role

The fate of a designed protein corona on nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo

• Denise Bargheer,
• Julius Nielsen,
• Gabriella Gébel,
• Markus Heine,
• Sunhild C. Salmen,
• Roland Stauber,
• Horst Weller,
• Joerg Heeren and
• Peter Nielsen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 36–46, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.5

• ]. However, the mechanisms of protein corona formation are still debated and no existing model can fully explain it [6][10][29]. Comparing different NPs in blood plasma, it has been shown experimentally that the physico-chemical properties of a given nanoparticle determine also their individual “adsorbome

The gut wall provides an effective barrier against nanoparticle uptake

• Heike Sinnecker,
• Thorsten Krause,
• Sabine Koelling,
• Ingmar Lautenschläger and
• Andreas Frey

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2092–2101, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.218

• to our specific needs (Figure 1): For improving the detection of even minute amounts of NPs in the vascular compartment, the supply with oxygen and nutrients via artificial blood plasma was changed from a single-path to a recirculating system. Therewith, the amount of artificial plasma could be

• blood plasma not exceeding 450 mL in one perfusion experiment. Because of this switch from single-path perfusion to recirculation, the concentration of noradrenaline (norepinephrine hydrochloride, Sanofi-Aventis, Frankfurt, Germany) in the artificial blood plasma was increased to 0.122 mg/L (i.e., 54.9

• experimental setup. A: The rat intestinal explant in the perfusion chamber. 1: Inlet of luminal buffer and samples, 2: outflow of the portal vein, 3: inlet of artificial blood plasma (vascular buffer) into the mesenteric artery, 4: outflow of luminal content (luminal samples), 5: outflow of lymph (lymphatic

Effects of surface functionalization on the adsorption of human serum albumin onto nanoparticles – a fluorescence correlation spectroscopy study

• Pauline Maffre,
• Stefan Brandholt,
• Karin Nienhaus,
• Li Shang,
• Wolfgang J. Parak and
• G. Ulrich Nienhaus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2036–2047, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.212

• contact with extracellular fluids such as blood plasma or lung epithelial lining fluid, which contain a huge variety of dissolved biomolecules including lipids and proteins. These can adsorb onto the NP surface and completely enshroud the NP, forming the so-called “protein corona” [11][12][13][14][15

• protein corona at the molecular level [14][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]. In a typical protein adsorption experiment, NPs are incubated with a mixture of proteins, for example, with blood plasma containing thousands of different proteins [35][36][37]. These proteins all compete

In vitro interaction of colloidal nanoparticles with mammalian cells: What have we learned thus far?

• Moritz Nazarenus,
• Qian Zhang,
• Mahmoud G. Soliman,
• Pablo del Pino,
• Beatriz Pelaz,
• Susana Carregal-Romero,
• Joanna Rejman,
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser,
• Martin J. D. Clift,
• Reinhard Zellner,
• G. Ulrich Nienhaus,
• James B. Delehanty,
• Igor L. Medintz and
• Wolfgang J. Parak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1477–1490, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.161

• , proteins which are initially bound to the NP surface can later be replaced by others [140][141], which also is referred to as the Vroman effect [142]. It has been shown, for example, that surfactant lipids bound on multiwall carbon nanotubes are replaced with blood plasma proteins after a subsequent

The protein corona protects against size- and dose-dependent toxicity of amorphous silica nanoparticles

• Dominic Docter,
• Christoph Bantz,
• Dana Westmeier,
• Hajo J. Galla,
• Qiangbin Wang,
• James C. Kirkpatrick,
• Peter Nielsen,
• Michael Maskos and
• Roland H. Stauber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1380–1392, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.151

• surface (Table 1). ASP efficiently develop a protein corona As the presence of human plasma proteins attenuates ASP-induced toxicity, we examined whether the tested ASP are indeed able to adsorb proteins. Here, the particles were incubated with human blood plasma for one hour. Subsequently, the formed ASP

Injection of ligand-free gold and silver nanoparticles into murine embryos does not impact pre-implantation development

• Ulrike Taylor,
• Wiebke Garrels,
• Annette Barchanski,
• Svea Peterson,
• Laszlo Sajti,
• Andrea Lucas-Hahn,
• Lisa Gamrad,
• Ulrich Baulain,
• Sabine Klein,
• Wilfried A. Kues,
• Stephan Barcikowski and
• Detlef Rath

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 677–688, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.80

• for instance after exposure of nanoparticles to blood plasma and are the result of protein adsorption to the particle surface [66]. These coronas largely define the biological identity of the particle [67][68]. They have also been reported to reduce the cytotoxicity of nanomaterials [69][70

Energy transfer in complexes of water-soluble quantum dots and chlorin e6 molecules in different environments

• Irina V. Martynenko,
• Anna O. Orlova,
• Vladimir G. Maslov,
• Alexander V. Baranov,
• Anatoly V. Fedorov and
• Mikhail Artemyev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 895–902, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.101

• investigated [1][2][3][4]. The interest in complexes based on tetrapyrrole compounds has been sparked by their ability to generate singlet oxygen [5]. The singlet oxygen is used in different applications such as photodynamic therapy, blood plasma sterilization and wastewater treatment. In QD/tetrapyrrole

Characterization of protein adsorption onto FePt nanoparticles using dual-focus fluorescence correlation spectroscopy

• Pauline Maffre,
• Karin Nienhaus,
• Faheem Amin,
• Wolfgang J. Parak and
• G. Ulrich Nienhaus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 374–383, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.43

• due to their large surface-to-volume ratio [3] and, therefore, NPs may also pose a biological hazard [4][5]. Upon incorporation into the body, NPs become exposed to biological fluids such as lung epithelial lining fluid or blood plasma, which contain a variety of dissolved molecules, especially

• overall diameter of 11 nm [11]. HSA is the major soluble constituent of human blood plasma. It serves primarily as a carrier protein for steroids, fatty acids, and thyroid hormones [18]. We found that, at concentrations typically found in blood serum, ~20 HSA molecules adsorb as a monolayer of ~3.3 nm

• thickness on these NPs, and time-resolved fluorescence quenching experiments revealed a typical protein residence time of ~100 s [11]. For transferrin [8], an important blood plasma protein involved in iron transport and delivery, we observed formation of a 7 nm thick protein corona. The FCS method is based