Size control of nanoparticles synthesized by pulsed laser ablation in liquids using donut-shaped beams

• Abdel Rahman Altakroury,
• Oleksandr Gatsa,
• Farbod Riahi,
• Zongwen Fu,
• Miroslava Flimelová,
• Andrei Samokhvalov,
• Stephan Barcikowski,
• Carlos Doñate-Buendía,
• Alexander V. Bulgakov and
• Bilal Gökce

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 407–417, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.31

• the donut-shaped laser beam. We performed time-resolved shadowgraph imaging of the laser-induced cavitation bubble, revealing a toroidal structure that overruns the ring-shaped ablation site, compared to the quasi-hemispherical bubble covering the ablation spot produced by the Gaussian beam. Based on

• this pioneering study, further investigation with higher temporal and spatial resolution are warranted. Keywords: beam shaping; cavitation bubble; donut beam; gold nanoparticles; high-entropy alloy nanoparticles; nanoparticle size analysis; yttrium oxide nanoparticles; Introduction The demand for

• ). The plasma temperature and pressure determine the cavitation bubble and NP formation [40][41]. The plasma plume that heats up the liquid causes liquid vaporization and subsequent bubble nucleation. The initial pressure of the bubble is very high (higher than 1 GPa) allowing it to expand until it

Preferential enrichment and extraction of laser-synthesized nanoparticles in organic phases

• Theo Fromme,
• Maximilian L. Spiekermann,
• Florian Lehmann,
• Stephan Barcikowski,
• Thomas Seidensticker and
• Sven Reichenberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 254–263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.20

• that chemical reactions may also occur on longer timescales, during the cavitation bubble phase (microsecond time scale) [60]. The smaller iron nanoparticles are found in the alcohol phase, while the smaller copper nanoparticles prefer the propylene carbonate phase. Hence, another explanation for the

Fabrication of hafnium-based nanoparticles and nanostructures using picosecond laser ablation

• Abhishek Das,
• Mangababu Akkanaboina,
• Jagannath Rathod,
• R. Sai Prasad Goud,
• Kanaka Ravi Kumar,
• Raghu C. Reddy,
• Ratheesh Ravendran,
• Katia Vutova,
• S. V. S. Nageswara Rao and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1639–1653, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.129

• liquid medium. The target material absorbs the pulse energy via the electrons. It transfers it to the lattice, which expulses the surface material as a plasma plume confined because of the pressure created by the surrounding liquid [16][20][23][24]. A cavitation bubble is formed as the energy is

• transferred to the surrounding liquid from the decaying plasma because of the existing temperature differences between the liquid and the plasma plume, leading to the emergence of a vapour layer with a volume equivalent to the plasma plume [16][20][23][24]. The cavitation bubble collapses because of cyclic

• liquid exceeds the vapour pressure exerted by HfO2, the cavitation bubble collapses, and the vapour rushes through the liquid in the form of a jet [23][24][41]. The lower temperature of the surrounding liquid leads to the formation of nuclei [23][42][43] with random crystallographic orientation, which

Effect of wavelength and liquid on formation of Ag, Au, Ag/Au nanoparticles via picosecond laser ablation and SERS-based detection of DMMP

• Sree Satya Bharati Moram,
• Chandu Byram and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1054–1069, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.86

• with water. The expanding metal/water mixture promotes rapid nucleation and growth of small metal NPs and contributes to forming a cavitation bubble. The hot metal layer also breaks into larger droplets due to instabilities, creating NPs of different sizes within a few nanoseconds of laser exposure [6

Laser synthesis of nanoparticles in organic solvents – products, reactions, and perspectives

• Theo Fromme,
• Sven Reichenberger,
• Katharine M. Tibbetts and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 638–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.54

• synthesis of HCN [79]. The oxidation and phase change of the target surface during LAL was initially published by Ogale et al. [80] in 1987, and nanoparticle oxidation has been addressed in the literature frequently afterwards [53][54][68][69][70]. During the plasma and cavitation bubble phase, reactive

• efficiency and gas formation. Scaramuzza et al. found varying ablation rates and cavitation bubble sizes depending on the used additive–solvent combination [20], and Zhang et al. found higher yields of gases when working in ethanol–water mixtures [44]. This enhanced gas production can be used to alter the

• structure of the generated nanoparticles. Laser ablation in water–ethanol mixtures was reported to yield an increased amount of hollow nanoparticles compared to pure water, which was mainly attributed to an elongated lifetime of the cavitation bubble in the mixture [89][90]. It is further possible to form

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

Enhancement of X-ray emission from nanocolloidal gold suspensions under double-pulse excitation

• Wei-Hung Hsu,
• Frances Camille P. Masim,
• Armandas Balčytis,
• Hsin-Hui Huang,
• Tetsu Yonezawa,
• Aleksandr A. Kuchmizhak,
• Saulius Juodkazis and
• Koji Hatanaka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2609–2617, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.242

• . Nanoroughening of water surface evolves at longer times. Disintegration of gold nanoparticles is expected inside the cavitation bubble. Intensity of incident beam: .

Laser irradiation in water for the novel, scalable synthesis of black TiO_x photocatalyst for environmental remediation

• Massimo Zimbone,
• Giuseppe Cacciato,
• Mohamed Boutinguiza,
• Vittorio Privitera and
• Maria Grazia Grimaldi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 196–202, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.21

• , high temperature and pressure are maintained for several μs. Water dissociates and reacts with titanium atoms ejected from the target, realizing H–Ti–Ox. In addition, a cavitation bubble appears, expands, shrinks and collapses in the timescale of hundreds of μs. The collapse is a complex phenomenon

Current state of laser synthesis of metal and alloy nanoparticles as ligand-free reference materials for nano-toxicological assays

• Christoph Rehbock,
• Jurij Jakobi,
• Lisa Gamrad,
• Selina van der Meer,
• Daniela Tiedemann,
• Ulrike Taylor,
• Wilfried Kues,
• Detlef Rath and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1523–1541, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.165

• different species like ionized atoms, clusters as well as larger fragments [24][46]. This is followed by the formation of a cavitation bubble on a microsecond scale, while the bubble confines crystalline nanoparticles [47]. In case of picosecond laser pulses the laser beam does not interact with the plasma

Injection of ligand-free gold and silver nanoparticles into murine embryos does not impact pre-implantation development

• Ulrike Taylor,
• Wiebke Garrels,
• Annette Barchanski,
• Svea Peterson,
• Laszlo Sajti,
• Andrea Lucas-Hahn,
• Lisa Gamrad,
• Ulrich Baulain,
• Sabine Klein,
• Wilfried A. Kues,
• Stephan Barcikowski and
• Detlef Rath

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 677–688, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.80

• to nanoparticles consists in the ablation of a target in liquid media by intense laser radiation, leading to an ejection of its constituent and the formation of a colloidal nanoparticle solution (Figure 1A), released into pure water after the collapse of the laser-induced cavitation bubble [45][79

An ultrasonic technology for production of antibacterial nanomaterials and their coating on textiles

• Anna V. Abramova,
• Vladimir O. Abramov,
• Aharon Gedanken,
• Ilana Perelshtein and
• Vadim M. Bayazitov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 532–536, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.62

• , cavitation bubbles emerge when the cavitation threshold is exceeded. A sonochemical reaction happening upon the collapse of the acoustic bubble yields a product having nanometric size. The rapidly moving surface of the cavitation bubble, the dynamics of which determines the main characteristics of the

Nanoscale particles in technological processes of beneficiation

• Sergey I. Popel,
• Vitaly V. Adushkin and
• Anatoly P. Golub'

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 458–465, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.53

• centers of cavitation bubble nucleation. If the pressure in the cavitation chamber rises abruptly, for instance, owing to shock loading by a plunger (press), the cavitation bubbles will collapse. Compression and collapse of a cavitation bubble is commonly accompanied by an abrupt local rise in temperature

• ][9][10][11] a one-dimensional spherically symmetric model, in which the nano- or microscale particle is placed in the center of the cavitation bubble is given. In general, this model does not describe the real situations when the bubbles are formed on foreign inclusions: dust particles, roughnesses

• in the bubble may be an important factor in determining the dynamics of the bubble compression. The dynamics of cavitation bubble was calculated under the following assumptions to simplify the problem: (1) The liquid, water, is incompressible with a density of ρl = 1 g/cm3 and the boiling temperature