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Search for "composition" in Full Text gives 1009 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.
Development of a mucoadhesive drug delivery system and its interaction with gastric cells
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 371–384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.28
- ) nanoparticles, topography, surface composition, size, and charge distribution of the delivery system were determined. The topography of the nanoparticles was studied with SEM (Figure 1). Both Alg and EudAlg nanoparticles are spherical with smooth surfaces (Figure 1A,B). It should be noted that during SEM
- -Eud-F-Alg NPs. Surface composition of nanoparticles The surface composition of the nanoparticles was characterized with ATR-FTIR (Figure 2). For Alg nanoparticles, distinctive bands were observed at 1567 and 1405 cm−1, which were assigned to asymmetric and symmetric stretching vibrations of
- with gold (4 nm). STEM micrographs were obtained from one drop of nanoparticle suspension dripped on an ultrathin carbon-coated copper grid. Surface composition of nanoparticles For the analysis of various functional groups on the surface of nanoparticles before and after coating, attenuated total
Tailoring of physical properties of RF-sputtered ZnTe films: role of substrate temperature
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 333–348, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.25
- ][18][19][20][21][22][23] which show that chemical composition and morphology of the substrate affect the properties of grown films. Therefore, a suitable substrate needs to selected before the deposition of films. The thermal expansion coefficient of substrate and the lattice mismatch between film and
- obtained micrographs were then analysed regarding various statistical parameters such as roughness, skewness, kurtosis, and power spectral density using the NanoScope Analysis software. Surface morphology and composition of the films were studied by field-emission scanning electron microscopy attached with
- of the substrate. A significant change in particle size along with a change in agglomerated particle density occurs with increasing substrate temperature. The surface is free from pinholes and voids, and clusters of particles can be seen. Quantitative analysis of the surface composition was carried
Enhancing mechanical properties of chitosan/PVA electrospun nanofibers: a comprehensive review
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 286–307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.22
- . For example, collagen is one substance used in electrospinning that has low strength [22]. Its loose structure and weak composition are the reasons behind its inherent poor mechanical performance. Electrospinning solutions with non-Newtonian fluids come next. They exhibit unstable properties
- current techniques and methods for improving the mechanical properties of electrospun nanofibers, thereby enhancing their application in various fields. Materials composition Chitosan is an intriguing material derived from chitin. Because of its promising properties, it has attracted significant attention
- their material composition, fiber diameter, and structural arrangement. The mechanical properties of PVA/chitosan-based nanofibers, such as tensile strength, elasticity, and elongation at break, are crucial for determining their suitability for various applications. Tensile properties Tensile strength
Emerging strategies in the sustainable removal of antibiotics using semiconductor-based photocatalysts
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 264–285, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.21
- effectively promotes the degradation of antibiotics from contaminated water. Researchers have conducted experiments to evaluate the efficacy of various photocatalysts in eliminating different antibiotics from their respective environments. Research on catalyst composition and application has evolved through
- engineering because of its uncomplicated composition, affordable price, and easy manufacturing process. Bi2O3 is widely recognised as a polycrystalline photocatalyst that exhibits four main phases. The majority of these phases are determined to be unstable, with α-Bi2O3 appearing at low temperatures and δ
Preferential enrichment and extraction of laser-synthesized nanoparticles in organic phases
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 254–263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.20
- in liquid; laser synthesis and processing of colloids; phase transfer; size separation; thermomorphic multiphase system; Introduction Laser ablation in liquids (LAL) provides nanoparticles without the need of external surfactants while retaining the initial composition of the educt material in the
- properties and surface chemistry of the gained colloids. The use of organic solvents as liquid may result in reactive LAL processes [1][10] that cause elements from the solvent molecules (and solutes) to be part of the final nanoparticle’s composition. The solvent decomposition induced by laser-based
- propylene carbonate and 1-nonanol TMS and observed their phase preference to gain insights if the nanoparticle material has an impact on the preferred phase. We further narrowed down the influence of the TMS composition by varying the alkyl chain length of the alcohol from C6 to C11 and, consequently
Synthesis and the impact of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on the viability and activity of rhizobacteria
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 216–228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.17
- the elemental composition of the rhizobacteria-nHA comprising Ca, P, O, and C. Ca, P, and O constitute the components of the nHA carrier material, while C originates from the rhizobacteria. The percentage of carbon in the Pd-nHA sample is notably higher, reaching 59.04%, compared to the 46.14% of the
- base pairs. The primer concentration used was 10 pmol/μL. The PCR composition consisted of 12.5 μL GoTaq® Green Master Mix, 2 μL of forward and reverse primers, 50 ng/μL DNA template, and 6.5 µL dH2O. The PCR cycle was carried out as follows: an initial denaturation at 95 °C for 5 min, followed by 30
- composition of the Pd-nHA sample. Elemental composition of the Tb-nHA sample. Solubilizing index (SI) of rhizobacteria loaded onto the nHA carrier. Nitrogen-fixing activity of rhizobacteria loaded onto the carrier.a Supporting Information Supporting Information File 16: Activity tests of Pd and Tb
Recent advances in photothermal nanomaterials for ophthalmic applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 195–215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.16
- carbon, semiconductor materials offer greater flexibility in photothermal property design because of a broader range of choices in chemical composition and crystal structure, coupled with well-established strategies for manipulating light absorption range through band engineering [79][80][81][82]. The
- through coating processes or surface modifications. While structure and composition of new ophthalmic photothermal nanomaterials are often complex, understanding the safety of base materials can provide insights into the safety of more advanced derivatives. Safety discussions should include detailed
A review of metal-organic frameworks and polymers in mixed matrix membranes for CO2 capture
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 155–186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.14
- loadings also increase the likelihood of MOF aggregation (detailed in section 3.5), which may strongly impair the mixed gas separation performance [80]. As a result, achieving the optimal MMM composition is imperative to attain a synergetic effect, leading to the desired case of a design allowing for both
- precursor slurry undergoes phase separation under altered solvent, composition, or temperature conditions to form a porous support phase and a dense MMM phase [80][87][92][94]. Finally, fabrication of thin selective MMM layers on top of porous substrates can be accomplished via spin coating [95]. Defects
- size tuning, the gas solubility and diffusivity within the polymer matrix must be optimized for the specific CO2 mixed gas separation application for optimal CO2 capture [112]. Particularly, the free volume within the polymer matrix and the polymer composition determine the gas diffusivity and
Clays enhanced with niobium: potential in wastewater treatment and reuse as pigment with antibacterial activity
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 141–154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.13
- mode. Powder and paint-applied samples were analyzed by colorimetry, based on the CIEL*a*b* system, using a portable colorimeter (NR60CP – 3NH). The oxidation state and elemental composition of the samples were evaluated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) with a PHI Genesis instrument from
- samples containing niobium show a higher density of spectral lines. For the sample BE, the principal emissions lines for Mg2+, Al3+, Na+, at around 279 nm, 309 nm and 589 nm, respectively, are consistent with the montmorillonite structure, and these results are coherent with XPS composition in Table 1
- exchanged with Na+ ions of the clay, due to the decreased percentage of these elements in XPS composition as observed in Figure 5. The LIBS results showed the presence of lines of Mg and Na for the BE sample, at around 280 nm and 819 nm, respectively. As demonstrated in Table 1, the compositions of Na were
TiO2 immobilized on 2D mordenite: effect of hydrolysis conditions on structural, textural, and optical characteristics of the nanocomposites
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 128–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.12
- accuracy of the experiment). Therefore, this step is immediately followed by condensation: The final composition of the hydrolysis products of alkoxides of titanium roughly corresponds to TiO1.5(OR)·yROH, where y = 0.15–1.00 depending on the nature of the alcohol. The residual carbon during thermal
- treatment in air is eliminated in the process of crystallization at 400–550 °C; thus, titanium dioxide nanoparticles are obtained [29]. In this study we investigate in detail the influence of the hydrolysis medium and the duration of the hydrolytic process on composition, local structure, morphology
- /hydrophobic properties than the samples hydrolyzed in pure water. It is known that the hydrophilicity of TiO2 depends on the crystalline phase and surface composition, but not on the size [43]. Moreover, it was found that introduction of TiO2 into an amorphous siliceous matrix increases the hydrophilicity of
Characterization of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GP258
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 78–89, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.8
- measurements were employed to analyze the morphology, dimensions, and elemental composition of the generated nanoparticles. The experimental outcomes confirmed the presence of hexagonal wurtzite-structured ZnO NPs with an average size of 10 nm. The colloidal system demonstrated excellent stability with a zeta
- wrinkled pattern, and it was found that the NPs average size was 72 nm. The presence of ZnO NPs on the surface was confirmed through EDX, which showed characteristic elemental peaks validating the composition (Figure 4a–d). Zeta potential The ZnO NPs synthesized using GP258 showed good stability as
- ) EDX spectroscopy for elemental composition. (e) Zeta potential measurement. (f) DLS results showing the size distribution of ZnO NPs. (a, b) Cyclic voltammetry response of the ZnO electrode in 0.1 M KCl solution at varying scan rates, showing redox behavior and electron transfer characteristics. (c
Theoretical study of the electronic and optical properties of a composite formed by the zeolite NaA and a magnetite cluster
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 44–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.5
- characteristics of zeolites depend largely on the chemical composition of the framework, specifically the Si/Al ratio [1][2]. These characteristics make zeolites highly appealing for a wide range of applications, including the production of fine chemicals [3][4], gas separation [5][6][7], ion exchange [8][9][10
- response are intricately linked to factors such as the chemical composition, particle size, structure, and geometry of these materials [18][19][20]. Hence, it is generally undesirable for nanoscale materials to undergo structural alterations because of environmental exposure or to change their properties
Bioinspired nanofilament coatings for scale reduction on steel
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 25–34, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.3
- expected for SNF coating are clearly visible from a coated steel surface. Figure 3B and Figure 3C show the images of the measured angle of the coated and uncoated steel surfaces. The related atomic composition of the coating was analyzed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) for both coated steel
- surfaces. The elemental composition in Figure 4B shows the silicon emission expected for the SNF film, which is not present on the bare steel surface. Oxygen and carbon, additional components of the SNF coating, are also detected for the SNFs. At the same time, these elements are also observed on the bare
- steel substrate and the elemental composition of the SNFs is difficult to disentangle. The contact angle of the uncoated surfaces was 71°. The contact angle of the SNF-coated surfaces is more difficult to measure as the droplet will not attach itself to the surface seen for Figure 3B and Figure 5D, in
Orientation-dependent photonic bandgaps in gold-dust weevil scales and their titania bioreplicates
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1–10, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.1
- elemental composition of the original scales and the replicas (Supporting Information File 1, Table S1) shows that nitrogen is absent in the replicas, indicating that the cleaning procedure, despite its relatively low maximal temperature (130 °C) satisfactorily removed the template’s original material from
- our knowledge never conclusively for photonic crystals (for a review, see [21]). The iridescence effect was reversed when we turned the animal to the side (not shown); hence, the effect is likely not due to the material composition or lattice periodicity differences between the scales at the top and
Mechanistic insights into endosomal escape by sodium oleate-modified liposomes
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1667–1685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.131
- engineered three distinct liposomal formulations to investigate mechanisms of endosomal escape, namely, unmodified-Lipo, SO-Lipo, and AUR-Lipo. The base composition for the unmodified liposomes consisted of DMPC and cholesterol, mixed in a molar ratio of 9:1, yielding a total lipid concentration of 2.7 mM
Attempts to preserve and visualize protein corona on the surface of biological nanoparticles in blood serum using photomodification
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1654–1666, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.130
- efforts of many researchers are aimed at finding approaches and methods for “managing” the composition of the protein corona, which, in particular, can provide the possibility of targeted delivery of drugs [1][2][3]. The protein corona is formed by two layers on any NP, called the hard and soft coronas
- . The former is tightly linked the surface of the NPs and is stable when isolating the NPs, which allows for determining its protein composition [4][5][6][7]. In contrast, the components of the soft corona are weakly bonded to the underlying hard one and are easily separated by the slightest force. The
- vacated space is quickly occupied by neighboring components of the medium, as a result of which the composition of the soft corona is constantly changing, even when a NP suspension is stirred [8][9]. As data accumulate on the role of the protein corona in the implementation of nanomedicine, researchers
Fabrication of hafnium-based nanoparticles and nanostructures using picosecond laser ablation
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1639–1653, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.129
- size and morphology [1]. Recently, interest has risen regarding synthesis and study of Hf-based NPs. Depending on the morphology, chemical composition, and quantum confinement effects, NPs can exhibit novel properties, making them applicable for large-spectrum usage [12][13]. Thus, synthesizing the
- target, from a single pure medium to a mixture of liquid media, with a range of target types such as powder, pellets, and well-defined structures and shapes [16][20]. The choice of the liquid medium can significantly affect morphology and chemical composition of the obtained NPs. The high energy of the
- . These Hf sponges, cut and polished to 10 mm × 10 mm × 2 mm, were used as ablation targets. The pristine target had the crystal structure of hexagonal HfO0.25, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) data (see Figure 1a). The elemental composition (Hf: 73.68%, O: 26.32%) was determined by energy
Heterogeneous reactions in a HFCVD reactor: simulation using a 2D model
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1627–1638, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.128
- increases with the flux of H2. This effect was already studied experimentally, and the most significant results were the analysis of how the hydrogen flow influences the composition SiOx films by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; as the hydrogen flow increases, the concentration of Si also increases in
Natural nanofibers embedded in the seed mucilage envelope: composite hydrogels with specific adhesive and frictional properties
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1603–1618, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.126
- its composition [14][15][16]. The nanoscale level of the spatial organisation of mucilage observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals the complexity of the mucilage with special features, such as 3D organisation of polysaccharides in a net-like structure [7][13]. In the last years, the
- tasteless [11][21]. Its chemical composition and special physical properties allow many applications of mucilage, for example, as thickening and structuring (gel-forming) agent, emulsifier or stabiliser for food products, scaffold for tissue regeneration, additive in formation of medicinal tablets, and for
- ], or to animal bodies, promoting epizoochory [31][32][33]. These distinct physical features make mucilage also an important substrate for pharmaceutical, biomedical, and food industries [11][15][19][20][21]. Here, we briefly review the basic composition and structure of mucilage, its frictional and
Facile synthesis of size-tunable L-carnosine-capped silver nanoparticles and their role in metal ion sensing and catalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1576–1592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.124
- absorption peaks indicates that the nanoparticles aggregated. The results confirm that ʟ-car-AgNP2–5 nanoparticles are polydisperse. FTIR, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction In addition to TEM analysis, the interaction between functional groups of ʟ-carnosine and silver, the elemental composition, and
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles derived from algae and their larvicidal properties to control Aedes aegypti
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1566–1575, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.123
- (1 mM; 15:85 ratio) and incubated at 28 °C for 60 min. Composition of algae species, metal concentration, agitation, reaction time and temperature can impact the characteristics of AgNPs [57]. Thus, such systems must be well characterized, as discussed in the next section. Different chemical
Ultrablack color in velvet ant cuticle
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1554–1565, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.122
- , Leica Biosystems, Solms, Germany) and contrasted with osmium tetroxide. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) The capacity of insect cuticle to emit autofluorescence at various wavelengths is extensively documented, influenced by material composition, degree of sclerotization, and the presence of
The round-robin approach applied to nanoinformatics: consensus prediction of nanomaterials zeta potential
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1536–1553, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.121
- generally more toxic than negatively charged particles of similar composition [28][29][30]. In fact, several in silico models for the ZP have been developed based on different theoretical and experimental descriptors employing a range of approaches, that is, quantitative structure–property/feature
- of the NMs’ composition, structure, and behaviour, thereby serving as vital predictors for the model’s predictive accuracy and interpretability. Model development and validation The selected descriptors were employed in the training of the final model, which adhered to the methodological framework
Electrochemical nanostructured CuBTC/FeBTC MOF composite sensor for enrofloxacin detection
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1522–1535, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.120
- volume of 0.544 cm3/g, and a capillary diameter of 1.50 nm. Additionally, energy-dispersive X-ray mapping demonstrated the uniform distribution of the two MOFs within the electrode composition. The synergistic effect of the electrocatalytic properties of CuBTC and the high conductivity of FeBTC
- electrode composition. For the determination of ENR, square wave adsorptive stripping voltammetry (SW-AdSV) was employed because of its superior performance in comparison to the cyclic voltammetric method. Figure 6b illustrates the square wave voltammograms (SWVs) depicting the electrochemical response of
- electrode has three components, namely, CuBTC, FeBTC, and carbon paste. The carbon paste content was maintained at 90%, resulting in the total of CuBTC and FeBTC being 10%. By altering the proportions of CuBTC and FeBTC in the electrode composition, significant variations in the ENR signal were observed
Integrating high-performance computing, machine learning, data management workflows, and infrastructures for multiscale simulations and nanomaterials technologies
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1498–1521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.119
- materials research by extracting valuable patterns and correlations from vast amounts of experimental and computational data [6][7][8][9]. These approaches enable researchers to uncover hidden relationships between composition, structure, morphology, processing, and properties, accelerating the discovery of
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