Development of a mucoadhesive drug delivery system and its interaction with gastric cells

• Ahmet Baki Sahin,
• Serdar Karakurt and
• Deniz Sezlev Bilecen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 371–384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.28

• ultimate diffusion through the mucus; positively charged particles exhibited higher diffusion than negatively charged particles [61]. Ünal et al. studied drug-loaded pristine and polyethylenimine- or chitosan-coated cyclodextrin-based nanoparticle formulations and measured drug mucus penetration

Realizing active targeting in cancer nanomedicine with ultrasmall nanoparticles

• André F. Lima,
• Giselle Z. Justo and
• Alioscka A. Sousa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1208–1226, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.98

• by biocompatible cyclodextrin with a core size of 1.85 nm [147]. These particles exhibited strong photoluminescence upon excitation at 808 nm, with an emission peak at 1050 nm. Photoluminescence imaging in the second NIR window (1000 to 1700 nm) is advantageous for in vivo deep-tissue imaging as it

• between cyclodextrin and adamantyl-modified anti-CD326 antibody. Subsequently, breast tumor-bearing mice were intravenously injected with antibody-targeted and non-targeted control AuNCs. Both AuNCs were efficiently excreted through the urine, reaching 75% ID at 24 h p.i. It was further observed that

Entry of nanoparticles into cells and tissues: status and challenges

• Kirsten Sandvig,
• Tore Geir Iversen and
• Tore Skotland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1017–1029, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.83

• diameter of caveolae is small, about 60–80 nm, making it unlikely that these structures function in efficient uptake of particles that are much larger. A common tool used to investigate whether caveolae are involved in the uptake of NPs is cyclodextrin, which extracts cholesterol from the plasma membrane

Nanomedicines against Chagas disease: a critical review

• Maria Jose Morilla,
• Kajal Ghosal and
• Eder Lilia Romero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 333–349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.30

• toxicity of BNZ. The project, however, failed in its attempt to incorporate BNZ into liposomes, while lipid nanoparticles could not be formulated into sublingual tablets. The project changed to formulate BNZ/hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin complexes. These complexes were prepared on a scale seven times larger

• than in the laboratory and showed a comparable in vitro activity to free BNZ [33]. Formulated as oral tablets containing a reduced dose of BNZ/cyclodextrin (50% loading of BNZ (% BNZ/total mass)) and administered to a murine model, BNZ/cyclodextrin did not overcome the efficacy of free BNZ during the

Silver nanoparticles loaded on lactose/alginate: in situ synthesis, catalytic degradation, and pH-dependent antibacterial activity

• Nguyen Thi Thanh Tu,
• T. Lan-Anh Vo,
• T. Thu-Trang Ho,
• Kim-Phuong T. Dang,
• Van-Dung Le,
• Phan Nhat Minh,
• Chi-Hien Dang,
• Vinh-Thien Tran,
• Van-Su Dang,
• Tran Thi Kim Chi,
• Hieu Vu-Quang,
• Radek Fajgar,
• Thi-Lan-Huong Nguyen,
• Van-Dat Doan and
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 781–792, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.64

• nanocomposites using saccharides, such as alginate, cyclodextrin, and lactose. This method allows for the loading of metallic ions onto the nanocomposite, followed by their reduction to nanoparticles [36][37]. The nanocomposite matrix can release silver in appropriate environments, exhibiting pH-dependent

Nanotechnology – a robust tool for fighting the challenges of drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer

• Filip Gorachinov,
• Fatima Mraiche,
• Diala Alhaj Moustafa,
• Ola Hishari,
• Yomna Ismail,
• Jensa Joseph,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska,
• Marija Glavas Dodov,
• Nikola Geskovski and
• Katerina Goracinova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 240–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.23

• such as cyclodextrin, inulin, and chitosan. These polymers are used alone or combined with amphiphilic polymers for core–shell nanoparticles such as the triblock polymer poly(ʟ-lactide)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(ʟ-lactide) (PLLA-PEG-PLLA) to increase the stability and decrease the immunogenicity of

Cyclodextrins as eminent constituents in nanoarchitectonics for drug delivery systems

• Makoto Komiyama

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 218–232, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.21

• target site in the body. Recent interest has been focused on the construction of cyclodextrin-based nanoarchitectures that show sophisticated DDS functions. These nanoarchitectures are precisely fabricated based on three important features of cyclodextrins, namely (1) the preorganized three-dimensional

• molecular structure of nanometer size, (2) the easy chemical modification to introduce functional groups, and (3) the formation of dynamic inclusion complexes with various guests in water. With the use of photoirradiation, drugs are released from cyclodextrin-based nanoarchitectures at designated timing

• . Alternatively, therapeutic nucleic acids are stably protected in the nanoarchitectures and delivered to the target site. The efficient delivery of the CRISPR-Cas9 system for gene editing was also successful. Even more complicated nanoarchitectures can be designed for sophisticated DDSs. Cyclodextrin-based

Supramolecular assembly of pentamidine and polymeric cyclodextrin bimetallic core–shell nanoarchitectures

• Alexandru-Milentie Hada,
• Nina Burduja,
• Marco Abbate,
• Claudio Stagno,
• Guy Caljon,
• Louis Maes,
• Nicola Micale,
• Massimiliano Cordaro,
• Angela Scala,
• Antonino Mazzaglia and
• Anna Piperno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1361–1369, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.112

• nanostructures endowed with unique physicochemical properties. Recently, we have proposed a straightforward synthetic strategy that exploits the properties of polymeric β-cyclodextrin (PolyCD) to act as both the reducing and stabilizing agent to produce monodispersed and stable gold-based NPs either as

• ability of the β-cyclodextrin polymer (PolyCD) to act as a symbiont of both MNPs and BMNPs [14]. Specifically, functional groups of PolyCD (i.e., amines, primary and secondary alcohols, and hemiacetals) are involved in the direct reduction of gold ions to Au NPs (Figure 1). PolyCD-capped Au NPs showed an

• assays against L. infantum and on MRC-5 cells and PMM cells, respectively, using a Pent-free base as the control. Results and Discussion Supramolecular assembly between pentamidine and polymeric cyclodextrin noble bimetallic core–shells Gold/silver bimetallic NPs with core–shell architecture (nanoGS

Design of surface nanostructures for chirality sensing based on quartz crystal microbalance

• Yinglin Ma,
• Xiangyun Xiao and
• Qingmin Ji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1201–1219, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.100

• QCM electrodes for chiral sensing. Cyclodextrin derivatives. Cyclodextrins (CDs) are a class of oligomers composed of glucose units. They possess hollow truncated cones with a lipophilic inner cavity and a hydrophilic edge. The hydroxy groups at the edge can undergo different chemical reactions, which

• higher interaction energy for the host–guest complexes to discriminate the enantiomers in the inclusion process [66]. Fietzek et al. measured the selective adsorption of chiral limonene in three different β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) derivatives by QCM and artificial neural networks (ANN) to evaluate the chiral

• discrimination performance [67]. It was revealed that better chiral discrimination was achieved with heptakis(2,3-di-O-methyl-6-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-β-cyclodextrin and heptakis(2,3-di-O-ethyl-6-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-β-cyclodextrin (Me- and Et-β-CD) than that with heptakis(2,3-di-O-acetyl-6-O-tert

Use of nanosystems to improve the anticancer effects of curcumin

• Andrea M. Araya-Sibaja,
• Norma J. Salazar-López,
• Krissia Wilhelm Romero,
• José R. Vega-Baudrit,
• J. Abraham Domínguez-Avila,
• Carlos A. Velázquez Contreras,
• Ramón E. Robles-Zepeda,
• Mirtha Navarro-Hoyos and
• Gustavo A. González-Aguilar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1047–1062, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.78

• against cancer cells [126]. Curcumin-loaded MNP (94.2 µg/mg of nanoparticles) were assayed against MDA-MB-231 cells. They contained iron oxide and β-cyclodextrin and were coated with Pluronic F68 polymer (polyethylene oxide-co-polypropylene oxide-co-polyethylene oxide) with an average size of 9 nm

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

The impact of molecular tumor profiling on the design strategies for targeting myeloid leukemia and EGFR/CD44-positive solid tumors

• Nikola Geskovski,
• Nadica Matevska-Geshkovska,
• Simona Dimchevska Sazdovska,
• Marija Glavas Dodov,
• Kristina Mladenovska and
• Katerina Goracinova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 375–401, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.31

• (Figure 2). The aptamer DNA–cyclodextrin (CD) component of the polyrotaxan complex demonstrates a high degree of sliding freedom. This unique ability allows for a more efficient binding of the aptamer DNA to target molecules on cancer cells. It simultaneously allows other ligands on the same carrier to

Differences in surface chemistry of iron oxide nanoparticles result in different routes of internalization

• Barbora Svitkova,
• Vlasta Zavisova,
• Veronika Nemethova,
• Martina Koneracka,
• Miroslava Kretova,
• Filip Razga,
• Monika Ursinyova and
• Alena Gabelova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 270–281, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.22

• inhibitors, that is, chlorpromazine (CPZ), monodansylcadaverine (MDC), and dynasore (Dyn). Only negligible changes in BSA-SO-MNP uptake were found in cells treated with CavME inhibitors, that is filipin (F), nystatin (N), and methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MBCD). A slight reduction in the internalized amount of BSA

• freshly before use from the stock solutions. The final concentrations were prepared by dilution in a culture medium with 2% FBS. The stock solutions of chlorpromazine (CPZ, 5 mM) and methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MBCD, 20 mM) were prepared in sterile distilled water and kept at 4 °C. The stock solutions of

• inhibitors on the internalization of BSA-SO-MNPs. MNPs – BSA-SO-MNPs (2 mM), CPZ – chlorpromazine (25 µM), MDC – monodansylcadaverine (150 µM), Dyn – dynasore (80 µM), F – filipin (5 µM), N – nystatin (20 µM), MBCD – methyl-β-cyclodextrin (100 uM), NOC – nocodazole (25 µM). Data are given as mean values ± SD

Multilayer capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes: a review on the preparation, functionalization and applications in drug delivery

• Varsha Sharma and
• Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 508–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.41

• interactions [60][61][62][63]. For instance, positively charged ferrocene-modified PAA thin films over β-cyclodextrin dimer were first fabricated in 2002, showing that LbL assemblies can be formed by overcoming electrostatic repulsion [60]. Similar attempts were made to construct LbL films by interaction

• between β-cyclodextrin monolayers as host and polymers modified with adamantyl groups as guests, which also resulted in stable multilayers [61]. The first stimuli-responsive supramolecular hydrogels films based on these reactions were built in 2006 using β-cyclodextrin and adamantyl modified chitosan

• derivatives [62]. Photo-responsive and redox-responsive hydrogels of cyclodextrin with guest molecules of azobenzene and ferrocene have also been constructed [63]. Very few attempts have been made for fabrication of weak PE capsules under this category, as shown in Figure 3d [39]. Notably, the host and guest

Rational design of block copolymer self-assemblies in photodynamic therapy

• Maxime Demazeau,
• Laure Gibot,
• Anne-Françoise Mingotaud,
• Patricia Vicendo,
• Clément Roux and
• Barbara Lonetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 180–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.15

• porphyrins in the cavities of cyclodextrin was also proposed as driving force of amphiphilic self-assemblies [52][53][54]. A main drawback of this kind of nanosystems in which the photosensitizer is simply dissolved in the hydrophobic environment is the possible premature leakage during body circulation

• reducing power of glutathione (GSH) was exploited in a supramolecular micellar system formed through the host–guest interaction between a PEGylated cyclodextrin and adamantane moieties conjugated to a porphyrin photosensitizer through a disulfide bond. Once the disulfide link was cleaved by glutathione

Internalization mechanisms of cell-penetrating peptides

• Ivana Ruseska and
• Andreas Zimmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 101–123, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.10

• -cyclodextrin (which depletes cell surface associated cholesterol) and macropinocytosis-specific inhibitors (such as cytochalasin D, an inhibitor of F-actin or EIPA, an inhibitor or the Na+/H+ exchange), a dose-dependent reduction of the internalized peptide was observed, which led to the conclusion that TAT

The systemic effect of PEG-nGO-induced oxidative stress in vivo in a rodent model

• Qura Tul Ain,
• Samina Hyder Haq,
• Abeer Alshammari,
• Moudhi Abdullah Al-Mutlaq and
• Muhammad Naeem Anjum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 901–911, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.91

• ) [5], poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) [6], hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) [7], and poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) [8]. Biocompatible GO has many prospective uses in tissue engineering [9], drug delivery [10], cancer therapy [11][12], and treatment of bacterial infections [13][14]. Dinescu et al. designed

Ceria/polymer nanocontainers for high-performance encapsulation of fluorophores

• Kartheek Katta,
• Dmitry Busko,
• Yuri Avlasevich,
• Katharina Landfester,
• Stanislav Baluschev and
• Rafael Muñoz-Espí

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 522–530, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.53

• polyoxyethanyl α-tocopheryl sebacate [37] significantly reduces oxygen quenching. Last but not least, another possibility is to attach an oxygen scavenger (e.g., diphenylanthracene moieties) to the emissive dye itself [38]. Decoration of the molecular structure of cyanine dyes including a cyclodextrin complex

A novel polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-modified layered double hydroxide: preparation, characterization and properties

• Xianwei Zhang,
• Zhongzhu Ma,
• Hong Fan,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Jintao Wan and
• Philippe Dubois

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3053–3068, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.284

• ][19], amino acids [20], anionic dyes [11], and compounds of biological origin, such as β-cyclodextrin and eugenol derivatives [9][10][13][21]. However, most of these current modifiers do not have satisfactory thermal stability and are flammable, reducing the thermal and fire stability of the LDHs

Cyclodextrin inhibits zinc corrosion by destabilizing point defect formation in the oxide layer

• Abdulrahman Altin,
• Maciej Krzywiecki,
• Adnan Sarfraz,
• Cigdem Toparli,
• Claudius Laska,
• Philipp Kerger,
• Aleksandar Zeradjanin,
• Karl J. J. Mayrhofer,
• Michael Rohwerder and
• Andreas Erbe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 936–944, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.86

• . This work uses electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to show the cyclic oligosaccharide β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) to inhibit corrosion of zinc in 0.1M chloride with an inhibition efficiency of up to 85%. Only a monomolecular adsorption layer of β-CD is present on the surface of the oxide covered metal

• ) compounds, and environmentally friendly alternatives are needed [2][7]. Control experiments in a recent work on encapsulating poorly water soluble organic corrosion inhibitors in the cyclic oligosaccharide β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) for incorporation into model polymer coatings on zinc led to the surprising

Cyclodextrin-assisted synthesis of tailored mesoporous silica nanoparticles

• Fuat Topuz and
• Tamer Uyar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 693–703, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.64

• influenced by the type of additives used, e.g., solvent and pore-templating agent. Here, we studied the influence of cyclodextrin (CD) molecules on the formation of MSNs. The nanoparticles over 100 nm in diameter were synthesized by surfactant-templated, hydrolysis–polycondensation reactions in the presence

• additives in a simple, one-pot reaction system for a wide range of applications. Keywords: cyclodextrin; faceted particles; mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN); microporous; Introduction With the availability of several types of surfactants and the increased understanding of sol–gel chemistry, numerous

• hand, increasing the CD concentration led to larger particles. Experimental Materials Ethanol (EtOH, >99%) and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS, 98%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC, >98%) was received from TCI Chemicals (Germany). β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD

Development of polycationic amphiphilic cyclodextrin nanoparticles for anticancer drug delivery

• Gamze Varan,
• Juan M. Benito,
• Carmen Ortiz Mellet and
• Erem Bilensoy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1457–1468, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.145

• agents for gene delivery in the form of nanoplexes. In this study, the potential of polycationic, amphiphilic cyclodextrin nanoparticles were evaluated in comparison to non-ionic amphiphilic cyclodextrins and core–shell type cyclodextrin nanoparticles for paclitaxel delivery to breast tumors. Pre

• -formulation studies were used as a basis for selecting the suitable organic solvent and surfactant concentration for the novel polycationic cyclodextrin nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were then extensively characterized with particle size distribution, polydispersity index, zeta potential, drug loading

• capacity, in vitro release profiles and cytotoxicity studies. Results: Paclitaxel-loaded cyclodextrin nanoparticles were obtained in the diameter range of 80−125 nm (depending on the nature of the cyclodextrin derivative) where the smallest diameter nanoparticles were obtained with polycationic (PC) βCDC6

Association of aescin with β- and γ-cyclodextrins studied by DFT calculations and spectroscopic methods

• Ana I. Ramos,
• Pedro D. Vaz,
• Susana S. Braga and
• Artur M. S. Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 348–357, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.37

• also occurs with β-CD. The geometry of the γ-CD·aescin complex is characterised by the inclusion of the triterpene segment of aescin into the host cavity. Keywords: aescin; cyclodextrin inclusion; DFT; 1H NMR; ROESY; Introduction Aescin is the main component of the crystalline saponins obtained from

• variation method In the evaluation of the interaction of cyclodextrin with a guest molecule in aqueous solution, one first needs to investigate the stoichiometry [26]. For this, the continuous variation method (Job plot) [27] was employed. This assay consists in mixing aqueous solutions of host and guest in

• solution, most likely the 2:1 γ-CD/aescin species. Apparent association constant The samples used for the calculation of the apparent association constant (Kapp) comprised aqueous solutions with a fixed concentration of cyclodextrin and variable concentrations of aescin (in excess from five to ten folds

Preparation of alginate–chitosan–cyclodextrin micro- and nanoparticles loaded with anti-tuberculosis compounds

• Albert Ivancic,
• Fliur Macaev,
• Fatma Aksakal,
• Veaceslav Boldescu,
• Serghei Pogrebnoi and
• Gheorghe Duca

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1208–1218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.112

• , 41400, Turkey 10.3762/bjnano.7.112 Abstract This paper describes the synthesis and application of alginate–chitosan–cyclodextrin micro- and nanoparticulate systems loaded with isoniazid (INH) and isoconazole nitrate (ISN) as antimycobacterial compounds. Preparation and morphology of the obtained

• density distribution. It has been detected that alginate–chitosan–cyclodextrin microparticulate systems loaded with INH and ISN are as effective as pure INH applied in higher dosages. Keywords: chitosan; β-cyclodextrin; density functional theory (DFT); isoconazole; isoniazid; molecular docking

• quantity of the administered drugs, and to avoid first-pass effects and to reduce the side effects, various different micro- and nanoparticle-based alginate–chitosane–cyclodextrin systems loaded with antituberculosis drugs for nebulisation have been proposed. Similar systems have been shown effective for

Gold nanoparticles covalently assembled onto vesicle structures as possible biosensing platform

• M. Fátima Barroso,
• M. Alejandra Luna,
• Juan S. Flores Tabares,
• Cristina Delerue-Matos,
• N. Mariano Correa,
• Fernando Moyano and
• Patricia G. Molina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 655–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.58

• per-6-thio-β-cyclodextrin accomplished via covalent gold–thiol bonds [10]. These AuNPs provide an excellent platform for drug delivery due to the functional versatility of their monolayers. The vesicles with AuNPs are suitable for applications such as transport inside cells [11], photodynamic