Exploring surface charge dynamics: implications for AFM height measurements in 2D materials

• Mario Navarro-Rodriguez,
• Andres M. Somoza and
• Elisa Palacios-Lidon

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 767–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.64

• , GO is a hydrophilic insulating material [72], while rGO exhibits a hydrophobic and more conductive nature [69][73][74][75], both dependent on the degree of reduction. This stark contrast provides an ideal heterogeneous sample to study the tip–sample interaction of co-deposited GO and rGO on

• local degree of reduction, with a lateral size for the domains that varies from tens to hundreds of nanometers. This confirms, on the one hand, that this mechanism achieves nanoscale resolution, primarily attributable to the tip, and, on the other hand, that the voltage dissipation mechanism depends on

Laser synthesis of nanoparticles in organic solvents – products, reactions, and perspectives

• Theo Fromme,
• Sven Reichenberger,
• Katharine M. Tibbetts and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 638–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.54

• (partially) reduced, under identical processing conditions with identical product nanoparticle diameters of 3 nm [72]. Moreover, the degree of reduction or oxidation was gradually tuned to reach a thermodynamically driven equilibrium with the cumulative laser pulse energy input [72][73]. It indicates a

The microstrain-accompanied structural phase transition from h-MoO₃ to α-MoO₃ investigated by in situ X-ray diffraction

• Zeqian Zhang,
• Honglong Shi,
• Boxiang Zhuang,
• Minting Luo and
• Zhenfei Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 692–700, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.55

• from +2 to +6 [1][2], leading to a range of molybdenum oxides. Molybdenum oxides include the fully stoichiometric MoO3 with a large bandgap above 2.7 eV, the reduced oxides MoO3−x with oxygen vacancies, and the semimetal MoO2. The degree of reduction influences the bandgap energy of molybdenum oxides

A non-enzymatic electrochemical hydrogen peroxide sensor based on copper oxide nanostructures

• Irena Mihailova,
• Vjaceslavs Gerbreders,
• Marina Krasovska,
• Eriks Sledevskis,
• Valdis Mizers,
• Andrejs Bulanovs and
• Andrejs Ogurcovs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 424–436, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.35

• long-term stability of the sensor, the obtained samples were stored under ambient conditions for one and four weeks. Measurements were taken every second day. The stabilities of each sample were assessed by the degree of reduction of the current peak value in the CV curve. For samples stored under

Scanning probe microscopy for energy-related materials

• Rüdiger Berger,
• Benjamin Grévin,
• Philippe Leclère and
• Yi Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 132–134, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.12

• the local dielectric distribution based on surface adhesion mapping by SPM [11]. This method is evidently easy in terms of operation and thus has the potential to be widely used. Finally, we want to highlight the contribution “Electrostatic force spectroscopy revealing the degree of reduction of

• individual graphene oxide sheets” by Yue Shen and co-workers. Yue Shen won the prize for the best presentation during the E-MRS conference [12]. Electrostatic force spectroscopy (EFS) is used here to characterize the degree of reduction of uniformly reduced one-atom-thick graphene oxide (GO) sheets at the

• nanoscale. The identification and chemical control of the degree of reduction of GO sheets is highly desired to realize nanoscale electronic devices in the future. We thank all authors for participating with their contribution to this thematic issue. The published manuscripts will be a significant

Ternary nanocomposites of reduced graphene oxide, polyaniline and hexaniobate: hierarchical architecture and high polaron formation

• Claudio H. B. Silva,
• Maria Iliut,
• Christopher Muryn,
• Christian Berger,
• Zachary Coldrick,
• Vera R. L. Constantino,
• Marcia L. A. Temperini and
• Aravind Vijayaraghavan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2936–2946, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.272

• high reaction temperatures are important for the degree of reduction of the resulting rGO, samples prepared at room temperature (25 °C) using longer reaction times (7 days) may present satisfactory properties for nanocomposites. To obtain stable mixture of the components and optimize the interaction

• degree of reduction of the rGO-80 sample. This also points out the very important role of the temperature on the recovery of the sp2 carbon network in graphene oxide. Analogously to C 1s, XPS spectra at the N 1s core level can be discussed in detail and provide interesting structural information on the

Electrostatic force spectroscopy revealing the degree of reduction of individual graphene oxide sheets

• Yue Shen,
• Ying Wang,
• Yuan Zhou,
• Chunxi Hai,
• Jun Hu and
• Yi Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1146–1155, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.106

• (EFM) phase with high resolution as a function of the electrical direct current bias applied either to the probe or sample. Based on the dielectric constant difference of graphene oxide (GO) sheets (reduced using various methods), EFS can be used to characterize the degree of reduction of uniformly

• reduced one-atom-thick GO sheets at the nanoscale. In this paper, using thermally or chemically reduced individual GO sheets on mica substrates as examples, we characterize their degree of reduction at the nanoscale using EFS. For the reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets with a given degree of reduction

• or valley EFM phases) and the EFM phase contrast at a certain tip bias less than the peak value can all indicate the degree of reduction of rGO samples, which is positively correlated with the dielectric constant. In addition, we gave the ranking of degree for reduction on thermally or chemically

Ultralight super-hydrophobic carbon aerogels based on cellulose nanofibers/poly(vinyl alcohol)/graphene oxide (CNFs/PVA/GO) for highly effective oil–water separation

• Zhaoyang Xu,
• Huan Zhou,
• Sicong Tan,
• Xiangdong Jiang,
• Weibing Wu,
• Jiangtao Shi and
• Peng Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 508–519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.49

• was successfully prepared, accompanied by a drastic decrease in the number of polar groups and a certain degree of reduction [38]. As shown in Figure 6, the thermal stability of the CNF/PVA/GO aerogels before and after the carbon treatment, pure CNFs, pure PVA and GO were measured by thermogravimetric

Two-dimensional carbon-based nanocomposites for photocatalytic energy generation and environmental remediation applications

• Suneel Kumar,
• Ashish Kumar,
• Ashish Bahuguna,
• Vipul Sharma and
• Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1571–1600, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.159

• hydroxyl groups on its surface, which make GO hydrophilic. Thus GO is easily dispersible in water and hence it has more exposed area in aqueous solutions and effectively catalyses the water splitting reaction. In addition, the band gap of GO can be tuned with its degree of reduction. The variation of the

• band gap of GO with increasing degree of reduction has been illustrated in Figure 6. Its electrical conductivity decreases with increasing oxidation level, meaning fully oxidized GO acts as an insulator and partially oxidized GO acts as a semiconductor [108]. The conduction band edge of GO is mainly

• of water splitting with GO as a photocatalyst, using methanol as hole scavenger, can be summarized as [107], Eda et al. have investigated the insulator → semiconductor → semimetal transition in RGO with degree of reduction [111]. They found that the energy gap even approaches zero with the extensive

Morphology, structural properties and reducibility of size-selected CeO_2−x nanoparticle films

• Maria Chiara Spadaro,
• Sergio D’Addato,
• Gabriele Gasperi,
• Francesco Benedetti,
• Paola Luches,
• Vincenzo Grillo,
• Giovanni Bertoni and
• Sergio Valeri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 60–67, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.7

• the atomic structure of individual NPs. By using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy we analyzed the degree of reduction of the NPs of different diameters, before and after thermal treatments in vacuum (reduction cycle) and in O2 atmosphere (oxidation cycle) at different temperatures. From this analysis

• volume ratio as the 9 nm NP, the lower degree of reduction is possibly due to the fact that the film exposes mainly (111) surfaces, which are the most stable ones. The non-epitaxial film instead shows a behavior closer to the NPs for thermal treatments up to T = 520 K, while for higher temperatures the

Enhancement of photocatalytic H₂ evolution of eosin Y-sensitized reduced graphene oxide through a simple photoreaction

• Weiying Zhang,
• Yuexiang Li,
• Shaoqin Peng and
• Xiang Cai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 801–811, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.92

• -hybridization in the GO layer. As a result, the conductivity of GO decreases greatly compared with that of graphene. Amongst various methods for the reduction of GO to form RGO, photoreaction (photoreduction) is “green” without any toxic chemical reagents. Moreover, it is easy to control the degree of reduction