Recent advances in photothermal nanomaterials for ophthalmic applications

• Jiayuan Zhuang,
• Linhui Jia,
• Chenghao Li,
• Rui Yang,
• Jiapeng Wang,
• Wen-an Wang,
• Heng Zhou and
• Xiangxia Luo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 195–215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.16

• biomolecules, which contributes to safer photothermal therapy. In subsequent studies, after injecting exogenous collagen opacities into the vitreous of rabbit eyes for five days, free ICG was injected, and it was found that ICG could bind to the opacities. Afterwards, laser pulses were used to completely

• under laser induction to significantly reduce the tube’s diameter, thus preventing late hypotony. This programmable IOP control functionality has been demonstrated in rabbit eyes. Creating a new aqueous humor filtration sites through glaucoma filtration surgery can also reduce IOP [142][143]. However

• ][211]. Rigorous safety research, utilizing animal models, is essential to assess toxicology, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and biological impacts [212]. It is crucial to consider the anatomical and physiological similarities between animal models and human eyes to accurately predict safety and

Instance maps as an organising concept for complex experimental workflows as demonstrated for (nano)material safety research

• Benjamin Punz,
• Maja Brajnik,
• Joh Dokler,
• Jaleesia D. Amos,
• Litty Johnson,
• Katie Reilly,
• Anastasios G. Papadiamantis,
• Amaia Green Etxabe,
• Lee Walker,
• Diego S. T. Martinez,
• Steffi Friedrichs,
• Klaus M. Weltring,
• Nazende Günday-Türeli,
• Claus Svendsen,
• Christine Ogilvie Hendren,
• Mark R. Wiesner,
• Martin Himly,
• Iseult Lynch and
• Thomas E. Exner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 57–77, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.7

• differentiate between different types of properties (see Figure 1 and Figure 2). In the NIKC curation efforts, all data were extracted from scientific publications; thus, there was no obvious separation in the eyes of the curator between data produced specifically within a paper (primary data) or data taken

Hymenoptera and biomimetic surfaces: insights and innovations

• Vinicius Marques Lopez,
• Carlo Polidori and
• Rhainer Guillermo Ferreira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1333–1352, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.107

• example, through trichoid sensilla on the compound eyes of honeybees [45], which are important to maintain and coordinate flight. In general, the head capsule of Hymenoptera is densely covered with hairs and may be a ground-plan feature of Hymenoptera and a potential autapomorphy [46]. While the reason

• significant potential for application in various industries [82]. Eyes: Similar to insects and other arthropods, hymenopterans possess compound eyes, consisting of numerous small visual units called ommatidia. Each ommatidium acts as an individual photoreceptive unit, collectively providing a panoramic view

• that offers several visual advantages, such large field of view, high temporal resolution, rapid capture and tracking of fast-moving objects [83][84]. This renders compound eyes particularly suitable for electronic surveillance applications, where broad observation coverage is essential for detecting

Functional morphology of cleaning devices in the damselfly Ischnura elegans (Odonata, Coenagrionidae)

• Silvana Piersanti,
• Gianandrea Salerno,
• Wencke Krings,
• Stanislav Gorb and
• Manuela Rebora

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1260–1272, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.102

• portion and from the seta to the cuticular lamina. The removal of the grooming devices induces a strong increase in the contaminated areas on the eyes after grooming. Further studies on insect grooming can provide valuable data on the functional morphology of insect micro- and nanostructures and can

• represent a starting point to develop advanced biomimetic cleaning tools. Keywords: antennae; cuticle; eyes; grooming; legs; resilin; Introduction Self-grooming, defined as any behavior related to the maintenance and care of body surfaces, is an innate behavior found across a wide range of animal species

• used to clean the head and, especially, the eyes and the antennae. The microstructures were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the presence and distribution of resilin, an elastomeric protein that enhances cuticle deformability and flexibility (review in [36]), were analyzed using

Functional fibrillar interfaces: Biological hair as inspiration across scales

• Guillermo J. Amador,
• Brett Klaassen van Oorschot,
• Caiying Liao,
• Jianing Wu and
• Da Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.55

• see [5]. However, we will mention some of the cleaning functions of hairs here. Hairs around the eyes of mammals (eyelashes) and on the eyes of insects (interommatidial setae) have been found to minimize the deposition of particle-laden contaminants through aerodynamic interactions [42][43]. Hairs on

• honey bees have been found to facilitate both the collection and removal of pollen grains through the geometries of the hair arrays on their eyes and grooming appendages [44]. Mammalian fur effectively sheds contaminants because the hair deflects when exposed to a fluid flow. This deflection generates a

Humidity-dependent electrical performance of CuO nanowire networks studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

• Jelena Kosmaca,
• Juris Katkevics,
• Jana Andzane,
• Raitis Sondors,
• Liga Jasulaneca,
• Raimonds Meija,
• Kiryl Niherysh,
• Yelyzaveta Rublova and
• Donats Erts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 683–691, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.54

• and phase angle ϕ vs log f. (a) Impedance magnitude |Z| vs relative humidity RH (dashed line is a guide to the eyes) at various T; (b) |Z| vs T at various RH. (c–e) Schematics of the processes induced by water chemisorption and physisorption on the CuO nanowire surfaces: (c) formation of a (Cu+–OH

• of RH: (a) resistances R1 and R2 and (b) the Warburg constant σ and the parameter Y0 from the formula ZC,Q = 1/[Y0(iω)n]. For the capacitance C, n = 1, whilst for the constant phase element Q, n varied between 0.94 and 0.99 (e). Dashed lines are guides to the eyes. Funding This work was supported by

Nonlinear features of the superconductor–ferromagnet–superconductor φ₀ Josephson junction in the ferromagnetic resonance region

• Aliasghar Janalizadeh,
• Ilhom R. Rahmonov,
• Sara A. Abdelmoneim,
• Yury M. Shukrinov and
• Mohammad R. Kolahchi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1155–1166, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.97

• results calculated numerically according to the full system in Equation 6, blue circles show results calculated numerically according to the generalized Duffing and Josephson equations (Equation 17 and Equation 19). The dashed line connects the symbols to guide the eyes. The solid line show the analytical

Micro- and nanotechnology in biomedical engineering for cartilage tissue regeneration in osteoarthritis

• Zahra Nabizadeh,
• Mahmoud Nasrollahzadeh,
• Hamed Daemi,
• Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad,
• Ali Akbar Shabani,
• Mehdi Dadashpour,
• Majid Mirmohammadkhani and
• Davood Nasrabadi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 363–389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.31

• the mechanical properties of cartilage [7][9]. Collagen type II is believed to account for 75% of fetal collagen. This amount increases to 90% in mature adults. Collagen type II is found in articular cartilage and the eyes and is considered an indicator of hyaline cartilage [7]. Collagen synthesis is

An overview of microneedle applications, materials, and fabrication methods

• Zahra Faraji Rad,
• Philip D. Prewett and
• Graham J. Davies

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1034–1046, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.77

• micromoulding [5]. In addition to microneedles for skin penetration, these microstructures have also been used in other sites of the body including the delivery of bioactive drugs into the eyes [6] and the insertion of molecules into cells using nanoneedles [7][8]. The present article reviews applications

Spontaneous shape transition of Mn_xGe_1−x islands to long nanowires

• S. Javad Rezvani,
• Luc Favre,
• Gabriele Giuli,
• Yiming Wubulikasimu,
• Isabelle Berbezier,
• Augusto Marcelli,
• Luca Boarino and
• Nicola Pinto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 366–374, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.30

• width approaches the optimal value of s ≃ 80 nm (red line) while the length continues to grow (black line). Lines are guides to the eyes. (b) SEM image of the typical morphology of a NW (after annealing for 30 min at 650 °C) to facilitate the comparison with experiment. (c) Diameter and length

Toward graphene textiles in wearable eye tracking systems for human–machine interaction

• Ata Jedari Golparvar and
• Murat Kaya Yapici

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 180–189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.14

• have many applications ranging from behavioral analytics to healthcare. For a brand leader, the prospect of seeing the world literally through consumer’s eyes, as opposed to relying on traditional market research methods, is the reason that makes eye tracking a clear winner in understanding the

• under 100 EUR [5]), non-invasive, and reliable method for acquiring biopotential signals around the eyes, and may overcome the limitations of prior technologies. EOG is essentially based on a simple model of the human eye as a dipole with a permanent potential difference between its forward and backward

• facing spots (i.e., the cornea-retinal potential of 0.4–1.0 mV where the cornea is positive) [6]. This potential difference sets up an electrical field in the tissues surrounding the eye, which generates an electric field [7]. Two electrodes around the eyes can locate the field vector rotation, which

Revealing the local crystallinity of single silicon core–shell nanowires using tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

• Marius van den Berg,
• Ardeshir Moeinian,
• Arne Kobald,
• Yu-Ting Chen,
• Anke Horneber,
• Steffen Strehle,
• Alfred J. Meixner and
• Dai Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1147–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.99

• S2 (Supporting Information File 1). c) Polarization angle-resolved Raman scattering of the c-Si Raman peak as a function of the rotation angle of the Glan–Taylor polarizer. The triangles and circles are the original data, whilst the closed lines are to guide the eyes. d) Polarization angle-resolved

Nanostructured and oriented metal–organic framework films enabling extreme surface wetting properties

• Andre Mähringer,
• Julian M. Rotter and
• Dana D. Medina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1994–2003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.196

• antifog coating covering their eyes for clear vision in high humidity regions [8]. The fogstand beetles employ an antifog coating for enhancing water vapor harvesting abilities in dry climates [9]. In marine life, fish protect themselves from oil-polluted environments or avoid biofouling due to oil

Superconducting switching due to a triplet component in the Pb/Cu/Ni/Cu/Co₂Cr_1−xFe_xAl_y spin-valve structure

• Andrey Andreevich Kamashev,
• Nadir Nurgayazovich Garif’yanov,
• Aidar Azatovich Validov,
• Joachim Schumann,
• Vladislav Kataev,
• Bernd Büchner,
• Yakov Victorovich Fominov and
• Ilgiz Abdulsamatovich Garifullin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1458–1463, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.144

• sample PLAK4216 HA(20 nm)/Cu(4 nm)/Ni(2.5 nm)/Cu(1.5 nm)/Pb(105 nm). The solid line is the theoretical curve with the parameters presented in section “Discussion”. The magnitude of the triplet SSV as a function of the applied magnetic field for sample PLAK4216. The line is a guide to the eyes. Parameters

Luminescence of Tb₃Al₅O₁₂ phosphors co-doped with Ce³⁺/Gd³⁺ for white light-emitting diodes

• Yu-Guo Yang,
• Lei Wei,
• Jian-Hua Xu,
• Hua-Jian Yu,
• Yan-Yan Hu,
• Hua-Di Zhang,
• Xu-Ping Wang,
• Bing Liu,
• Cong Zhang and
• Qing-Gang Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1237–1242, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.123

• + ions produce a stronger crystal field effect [23][24][25]. The longer emission wavelength of Tb3Al5O12:Ce3+ is more suitable for WLEDs used as indoor illumination than that of Y3Al5O12:Ce3+. It is known that the sensitivity of human eyes to red light decreases strongly as soon as the wavelength is

Integration of LaMnO_3+δ films on platinized silicon substrates for resistive switching applications by PI-MOCVD

• Raquel Rodriguez-Lamas,
• Dolors Pla,
• Odette Chaix-Pluchery,
• Benjamin Meunier,
• Fabrice Wilhelm,
• Andrei Rogalev,
• Laetitia Rapenne,
• Xavier Mescot,
• Quentin Rafhay,
• Hervé Roussel,
• Michel Boudard,
• Carmen Jiménez and
• Mónica Burriel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 389–398, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.38

• comparison (ICDD: 01-087-2015 and 04-007-6350, respectively). Raman spectra of LMO films obtained by the three deposition strategies under different conditions of cooling or annealing. An evolution of the structure from orthorhombic to rhombohedral phases is observed (dashed lines are guidelines for the eyes

Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations

• Jaison Jeevanandam,
• Ahmed Barhoum,
• Yen S. Chan,
• Alain Dufresne and
• Michael K. Danquah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1050–1074, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.98

• suits of astronauts by electrostatic attraction and damage them [59][60]. They have been known to cause irritation in the lungs and eyes of Apollo astronauts by becoming airborne [61]. Studies have found that through the intratracheal route, lunar materials lead to pneumoconiosis and fibrosis formation

Dynamic behavior of nematic liquid crystal mixtures with quantum dots in electric fields

• Emil Petrescu,
• Cristina Cirtoaje and
• Octavian Danila

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 399–406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.39

• . Nematic molecular orientation around an ellipsoidal QD. Experimental setup for the dynamic study of the LC + QDs mixture. Fréedericksz transition for 5CB and 5CB + QD. Lines are guide to the eyes. Dynamic measurement of emergent light intensity: a) for LC sample when the field is on; b)for LC sample when

Ammonia gas sensors based on In₂O₃/PANI hetero-nanofibers operating at room temperature

• Qingxin Nie,
• Zengyuan Pang,
• Hangyi Lu,
• Yibing Cai and
• Qufu Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1312–1321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.122

• pollution. Ammonia (NH3), as a highly toxic gas, can be emitted by natural and industrial sources and threaten human health [2][3][4]. NH3 at concentrations of 50 ppm may irritate the human respiratory system, skin and eyes [4]. Higher concentrations of NH3 will cause blindness, seizures, lung disease and

Functional diversity of resilin in Arthropoda

• Jan Michels,
• Esther Appel and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1241–1259, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.115

• of the teeth during feeding on diatoms with stable frustules. In general, the complex composite systems in the gnathobase teeth are assumed to have co-evolved within an evolutionary arms race together with the diatom frustules [122]. Reproductive organs, mechanoreceptors and compound eyes The mating

Phenalenyl-based mononuclear dysprosium complexes

• Yanhua Lan,
• Andrea Magri,
• Olaf Fuhr and
• Mario Ruben

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 995–1009, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.92

• colored solid lines are guided to eyes. Synthesis of complexes 1–3. (a) NaH, 1/3DyCl3·6H2O, EtOH, reflux then stirring at RT overnight. (b) Diisopropylamine, 1/3DyCl3·6H2O, EtOH, reflux then stirring at RT overnight. (c) Diisopropylamine, 1/3DyCl3·6H2O, big volume of EtOH, reflux then stirring at RT

Influence of the PDMS substrate stiffness on the adhesion of Acanthamoeba castellanii

• Sören B. Gutekunst,
• Carsten Grabosch,
• Alexander Kovalev,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Christine Selhuber-Unkel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1393–1398, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.152

• their eyes [22]. Such an acanthamoeba keratitis is often related to wrong contact lens care, e.g., due to non-satisfactory contact lens disinfection [23]. In the study presented here we investigated the influence of substrate stiffness on adhesion properties of A. castellanii. We prepared

Synthesis of indium oxi-sulfide films by atomic layer deposition: The essential role of plasma enhancement

• Cathy Bugot,
• Nathanaëlle Schneider,
• Daniel Lincot and
• Frédérique Donsanti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 750–757, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.85

• In2O3 cycles on the growth rate b) the number of process cycles on the film thickness when using O2 plasma as oxygen precursor. The dotted line is a guide to the eyes. Influence of the number of In2O3 cycle on the film transmittance when using O2 plasma as oxygen precursor. Influence of the number of

• In2O3 cycles a) on the absorption and b) optical band gap when using O2 plasma as oxygen precursor. The dotted line is a guide to the eyes. Surface mechanisms during the O2 plasma pulse. Typical ALD processes for the deposition of In2O3 and In2S3. EDX measurements data from In2(S,O)3 thin films when

Grain boundaries and coincidence site lattices in the corneal nanonipple structure of the Mourning Cloak butterfly

• Ken C. Lee and
• Uwe Erb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 292–299, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.32

• materials is made and the importance of such arrangements in terms of nipple packing density, corneal lens curvature and potential optical properties is discussed. Keywords: butterfly-eye structure; coordination defects; sigma grain boundaries; Introduction The structure of moth and butterfly eyes consist

• depending on nipple height, which can vary from less than 50 nm to over 200 nm [3]. The advantages of compound eyes with corneal nipple structures, compared to flat lens surfaces observed in many other insects, have been discussed in numerous studies, e.g., [5][6][7]. Most importantly, these structures

• wing span of 4–8 cm and shows beige-yellow edges and several blue spots on brown colored wings. A low magnification scanning electron micrograph of one of the eyes is shown in Figure 1. The hexagonal shape of the ommatidia is clearly visible with each facet measuring about 25 µm across. The entire eye

Substrate-mediated effects in photothermal patterning of alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers with microfocused continuous-wave lasers

• Anja Schröter,
• Mark Kalus and
• Nils Hartmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 65–74, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.8

• on (a) Au/Si substrates with a 30 nm Au layer, (b) Au/glass substrates with a 50 nm Au layer, (c) Au/glass substrates with a 30 nm Au layer and (d) Au/glass substrates with a 10 nm Au layer. The lines are guides for the eyes only. (a) Calculated stationary temperature profiles on different types of