Serum heat inactivation diminishes ApoE-mediated uptake of D-Lin-MC3-DMA lipid nanoparticles

• Demian van Straten,
• Luuk van de Schepop,
• Rowan Frunt,
• Pieter Vader and
• Raymond M. Schiffelers

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 740–748, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.57

• vitro cellular models aiming to eventually understand biodistribution and cargo delivery efficiency of the LNPs in vivo. For in vitro cell culture, fetal calf serum (FCS) is supplemented to culture media to provide nutrients and promote cell viability and growth. Heat inactivation of FCS is often

• protein corona formation in vitro and prevent bias in LNP development. Keywords: apolipoprotein E; fetal calf serum; heat inactivation; lipid nanoparticle; protein corona; Introduction Nanotechnology has gained a strong foothold in the field of drug delivery, having significant promise to overcome the

• supplemented with fetal calf serum (FCS). FCS is commonly heat treated to inactivate mycoplasma and viruses, as well as denature heat labile complement factors without affecting the nutrients needed for cell growth [27]. As some cell lines are sensitive to complement factors, the heat treatment can prevent the

Gelatin nanoparticles with tunable mechanical properties: effect of crosslinking time and loading

• Agnes-Valencia Weiss,
• Daniel Schorr,
• Julia K. Metz,
• Metin Yildirim,
• Saeed Ahmad Khan and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 778–787, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.68

• GmbH (Braunschweig, Germany) and cultured in SAGM™ (Small Airway Epithelial Cell Growth Medium BulletKit™, Lonza, Basel, Switzerland) supplemented with 1% v/v fetal calf serum (South American origin, Superior; Biochrom, Berlin, Germany) and 1% v/v antibiotics (penicillin (10.000 U/mL)/streptomycin

The nanomorphology of cell surfaces of adhered osteoblasts

• Christian Voelkner,
• Mirco Wendt,
• Regina Lange,
• Max Ulbrich,
• Martina Gruening,
• Susanne Staehlke,
• Barbara Nebe,
• Ingo Barke and
• Sylvia Speller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 242–256, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.20

• applied for studying cell–material interactions [63] with similar characteristics to those of primary human osteoblasts [64][65]. Cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM, 31966-021, Life Technologies Limited, Paisley, UK), with 10% fetal calf serum (FCS, Biochrom FCS Superior

Phase inversion-based nanoemulsions of medium chain triglyceride as potential drug delivery system for parenteral applications

• Eike Folker Busmann,
• Dailén García Martínez,
• Henrike Lucas and
• Karsten Mäder

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 213–224, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.16

• – high glucose (DMEM), fetal calf serum (FCS), penicillin-streptomycin, ʟ-glutamine solution and sodium pyruvate solution as well as the fluorescent dye resazurin sodium salt were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH (Germany, Steinheim). The near infrared fluorescent dye DiR was purchased from

Serum type and concentration both affect the protein-corona composition of PLGA nanoparticles

• Katrin Partikel,
• Robin Korte,
• Dennis Mulac,
• Hans-Ulrich Humpf and
• Klaus Langer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1002–1015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.101

• the amount of bound protein and to create a saturated surface while the identity of corona proteins was quite unchanged. These findings are consistent with former reports [7][8][9] in which Gräfe and collaborators revealed a saturation effect for the incubation of magnetic NPs at fetal calf serum

Comparative biological effects of spherical noble metal nanoparticles (Rh, Pd, Ag, Pt, Au) with 4–8 nm diameter

• Alexander Rostek,
• Marina Breisch,
• Kevin Pappert,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Marc Heggen,
• Manfred Köller,
• Christina Sengstock and
• Matthias Epple

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2763–2774, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.258

• passage, Lonza, Walkersville Inc., MD, USA) were cultured in cell culture medium RPMI1640 (GIBCO, Invitrogen GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany) containing 10% fetal calf serum (FCS, GIBCO, Invitrogen GmbH) and L-glutamine (0.3 g L−1, GIBCO, Invitrogen GmbH) using 75 cm2 culture flasks (Falcon, Becton Dickinson

Cytotoxicity of doxorubicin-conjugated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide]-modified γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles towards human tumor cells

• Zdeněk Plichta,
• Yulia Kozak,
• Rostyslav Panchuk,
• Viktoria Sokolova,
• Matthias Epple,
• Lesya Kobylinska,
• Pavla Jendelová and
• Daniel Horák

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2533–2545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.236

• . Experimental Materials Sarcosine methyl ester hydrochloride, 4-cyano-4-(phenylcarbonothioylthio)pentanoic acid (CTPA), 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), DMEM and RPMI medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum streptomycin and penicillin were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Luis, MO

• cells (hMSCs), human cervix carcinoma cells of HeLa line and human osteosarcoma cells (MG-63) were obtained from cell culture collection of the University of Duisburg-Essen. MG-63 cells were cultured in DMEM medium, supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (FCS), 100 U/mL penicillin, and 100 mg/mL

• streptomycin at 37 °C in humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO2, while hMSCs were cultured in mesenchymal stem cell growth medium (MSCGM BulletKitTM; Lonza, Italy). All other cells were cultured in RPMI medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum, streptomycin (50 µg/mL), and penicillin (50 units/mL) at 37

Non-agglomerated silicon–organic nanoparticles and their nanocomplexes with oligonucleotides: synthesis and properties

• Asya S. Levina,
• Marina N. Repkova,
• Nadezhda V. Shikina,
• Zinfer R. Ismagilov,
• Svetlana A. Yashnik,
• Dmitrii V. Semenov,
• Yulia I. Savinovskaya,
• Natalia A. Mazurkova,
• Inna A. Pyshnaya and
• Valentina F. Zarytova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2516–2525, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.234

• -glutamine (Sigma-Aldrich, USA); RPMI-1640 medium; antibiotics (BioloT, Russia); fetal calf serum (Gibco, USA). Сhicken erythrocytes, MDCK cells, and influenza A virus strain A/chicken/Kurgan/05/2005 (H5N1) were from FBRI Vector, Russia. Trypsin (1 mg/mL) and penicillin-streptomycin (100 U/mL) were stored at

Calcium fluoride based multifunctional nanoparticles for multimodal imaging

• Marion Straßer,
• Joachim H. X. Schrauth,
• Sofia Dembski,
• Daniel Haddad,
• Bernd Ahrens,
• Stefan Schweizer,
• Bastian Christ,
• Alevtina Cubukova,
• Marco Metzger,
• Heike Walles,
• Peter M. Jakob and
• Gerhard Sextl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1484–1493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.148

• Melpers®2450-stabilized NPs dispersed in cell-culture medium containing fetal calf serum (FCS) (cf. Figure 6a), bare NPs start to sediment after 24 h and the stabilized sample remains clear. Additionally, the colloidal stability was monitored by UV–vis spectroscopy. The absorbance measurements (λabs = 700

Phospholipid arrays on porous polymer coatings generated by micro-contact spotting

• Sylwia Sekula-Neuner,
• Monica de Freitas,
• Lea-Marie Tröster,
• Tobias Jochum,
• Pavel A. Levkin,
• Michael Hirtz and
• Harald Fuchs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 715–722, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.75

• , arrays were washed with PBS containing 10−4 DHT to maintain the AR stability. Binding of ARbiot was detected via indirect immunofluorescence. First samples were blocked with fetal calf serum (FCS) for 1 h at room temperature (RT), then washed with PBS containing 10−4 DHT and loaded for 1 h with anti-AR

• ) supplemented with 5% fetal calf serum (FCS). One day prior to infection the medium was changed to serum-free SF900 II medium. Cells were infected with baculovirus stocks typically at MOIs of 5–7. 72 h post-infection cells were treated with DHT (10−4 M) for 3 h. The infected SF9 cells were lysed on ice in lysis

Uptake of the proteins HTRA1 and HTRA2 by cells mediated by calcium phosphate nanoparticles

• Olga Rotan,
• Katharina N. Severin,
• Simon Pöpsel,
• Alexander Peetsch,
• Melisa Merdanovic,
• Michael Ehrmann and
• Matthias Epple

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 381–393, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.40

• functionalized nanoparticles per cell in the cell culture experiments was calculated accordingly. Cell line culture and imaging Human epithelial cervical cancer cells (HeLa) and human osteosarcoma cells (MG-63) cell lines were cultured in DMEM, supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) under 37 °C, 5% CO2 and

On the pathway of cellular uptake: new insight into the interaction between the cell membrane and very small nanoparticles

• Claudia Messerschmidt,
• Daniel Hofmann,
• Anja Kroeger,
• Katharina Landfester,
• Volker Mailänder and
• Ingo Lieberwirth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1296–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.121

• dependent on particle size and the serum content in the culture medium [11][12]. In serum-free conditions the uptake of SiNPs has been determined to be much higher than in the presence of fetal calf serum (FCS), which is attributed to the fact that SiNPs build up a protein corona and tend to agglomerate in

• Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) (Life Technologies, U.S.A.) supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) (Invitrogen, Karlsruhe, Germany), 100 units penicillin and 100 µg·mL−1 medium streptomycin (Life Technologies) and 1 mM pyruvate (Life Technologies). Osteosarcoma (U2OS) cells were grown in DMEM

High antiviral effect of TiO₂·PL–DNA nanocomposites targeted to conservative regions of (−)RNA and (+)RNA of influenza A virus in cell culture

• Asya S. Levina,
• Marina N. Repkova,
• Elena V. Bessudnova,
• Ekaterina I. Filippova,
• Natalia A. Mazurkova and
• Valentina F. Zarytova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1166–1173, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.108

• : RPMI-1640 medium; antibiotics (BioloT, Russia); trypsin, L-glutamine; PBS buffer (Sigma, USA); and fetal calf serum (Gibco, USA). TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized in the crystal form (anatase) as described in [17]. Сhicken erythrocytes, MDCK cells, and influenza A virus strains Aichi/2/68 (H3N2), A

• oligonucleotides being ≈20 nmol/mg. A more detailed description of the nanocomposite preparation can be found elesewhere [17]. Antiviral activity of nanocomposites The MDCK cells in logarithmic phase were seeded at 100,000 cells/mL in RPMI-1640 nutrient medium containing 10% fetal calf serum (Gibco, USA) in 96

Hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells: polymeric nanoparticle uptake and lineage differentiation

• Ivonne Brüstle,
• Thomas Simmet,
• Gerd Ulrich Nienhaus,
• Katharina Landfester and
• Volker Mailänder

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 383–395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.38

• ) supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (FCS, Invitrogen), 100 units penicillin and 100 µg/mL medium streptavidin (Invitrogen) were used. For cultivation and differentiation, the cells were kept in a humidified incubator with 5% CO2 at 37 °C. All experiments were performed with cells incubated with 300 µg/mL

• hMSCs were generated as previously described [36]. MSC were cultivated in α–MEM (Lonza, Cologne, Germany) supplemented with 20% fetal calf serum (FCS, Invitrogen, Karlsruhe, Germany), 100 units penicillin and 100 µg/mL medium streptavidin (Invitrogen), 1 mM pyruvate (Invitrogen) and 0.6% ciprofloxacin

Comparative evaluation of the impact on endothelial cells induced by different nanoparticle structures and functionalization

• Lisa Landgraf,
• Ines Müller,
• Peter Ernst,
• Miriam Schäfer,
• Christina Rosman,
• Isabel Schick,
• Oskar Köhler,
• Hartmut Oehring,
• Vladimir V. Breus,
• Thomas Basché,
• Carsten Sönnichsen,
• Wolfgang Tremel and
• Ingrid Hilger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 300–312, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.28

• -inactivated fetal calf serum (FCS, Invitrogen, Germany). The immortalized human micro vascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA) were cultured in Gibco® MCDB 131 medium supplemented with 10% (v/v) FCS, 1% (v/v) GlutaMAXTM I (100×; Life Technologies GmbH, Germany), 1

The effect of surface charge on nonspecific uptake and cytotoxicity of CdSe/ZnS core/shell quantum dots

• Vladimir V. Breus,
• Anna Pietuch,
• Marco Tarantola,
• Thomas Basché and
• Andreas Janshoff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 281–292, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.26

• of both penicillin and streptomycin (Biochrom, Berlin, Germany), 10% (v/v) fetal calf serum (PAA Laboratories GmbH, Cölbe, Germany) and stored in incubators (HERA cell 150, Heraeus, Germany) with a 5% CO2 atmosphere. Cells were subcultured weekly after reaching confluence by washing with PBS

Mechanical properties of MDCK II cells exposed to gold nanorods

• Anna Pietuch,
• Bastian Rouven Brückner,
• David Schneider,
• Marco Tarantola,
• Christina Rosman,
• Carsten Sönnichsen and
• Andreas Janshoff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 223–231, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.21

• maintained in Earle’s minimum essential medium supplemented with 4 mM glutamine, 0.2 mg/mL of both penicillin and streptomycin (Biochrom, Berlin, Germany), 10% (v/v) fetal calf serum (PAA, Pasching, Austria) in a 5% CO2 humidified incubator (HERA cell 150, Heraeus, Germany). Cells were subcultured weekly

Mammalian cell growth on gold nanoparticle-decorated substrates is influenced by the nanoparticle coating

• Christina Rosman,
• Sebastien Pierrat,
• Marco Tarantola,
• David Schneider,
• Eva Sunnick,
• Andreas Janshoff and
• Carsten Sönnichsen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2479–2488, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.257

• ]). Cell culture In our studies, we used epithelial MDCK (type II) cells and performed cell culture as described in [20]. Cells were cultured in Earle’s minimum essential medium supplemented with glutamine (4 mM), penicillin and streptomycin (100 µg/mL for both), fetal calf serum (10% v/v) and stored in an

Nanoparticle interactions with live cells: Quantitative fluorescence microscopy of nanoparticle size effects

• Li Shang,
• Karin Nienhaus,
• Xiue Jiang,
• Linxiao Yang,
• Katharina Landfester,
• Volker Mailänder,
• Thomas Simmet and
• G. Ulrich Nienhaus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2388–2397, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.248

• were washed twice with PBS. Human MSCs were obtained from bone marrow aspirates or explanted hip bones [50] and cultured in alpha minimal essential medium (R-MEM, Cambrex, East Rutherford, NJ) supplemented with 20% fetal calf serum (FCS), 100 U penicillin, 100 mg/mL streptomycin, and 1 mM pyruvate

Interaction of dermatologically relevant nanoparticles with skin cells and skin

• Annika Vogt,
• Fiorenza Rancan,
• Sebastian Ahlberg,
• Berouz Nazemi,
• Chun Sik Choe,
• Maxim E. Darvin,
• Sabrina Hadam,
• Ulrike Blume-Peytavi,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Jörg Diendorf,
• Matthias Epple,
• Christina Graf,
• Eckart Rühl,
• Martina C. Meinke and
• Jürgen Lademann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2363–2373, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.245

• /streptomycin, 2% glutamine and 10% fetal calf serum. The cells grown in an incubator with 5% CO2, 100% humidity at 37 °C and incubated with the different silica particles (10 μg/mL) for 2 h. Analysis was performed by using flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Figure 3 was modified with

• supplemented with 1% penicillin/streptomycin, 2% glutamine and 10% fetal calf serum. The cells were grown in an incubator with 5% CO2, 100% humidity at 37 °C. For the XTT assay 1·105 HaCaT cells/mL were seeded on a 96-well plate and incubated with the particles after 24 h [50]. Cells were washed with PBS to

Effect of silver nanoparticles on human mesenchymal stem cell differentiation

• Christina Sengstock,
• Jörg Diendorf,
• Matthias Epple,
• Thomas A. Schildhauer and
• Manfred Köller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2058–2069, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.214

• experiments [19][21]. Cell culture Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs, 3rd to 7th passage, Lonza, Walkersville Inc., MD, USA) were cultured in RPMI1640 cell culture medium (Life Technologies, Darmstadt, Germany) containing 10% fetal calf serum (FCS, Life Technologies) and L-glutamine (0.3 g·L−1, Life

PVP-coated, negatively charged silver nanoparticles: A multi-center study of their physicochemical characteristics, cell culture and in vivo experiments

• Sebastian Ahlberg,
• Alexandra Antonopulos,
• Jörg Diendorf,
• Ralf Dringen,
• Matthias Epple,
• Rebekka Flöck,
• Wolfgang Goedecke,
• Christina Graf,
• Nadine Haberl,
• Jens Helmlinger,
• Fabian Herzog,
• Frederike Heuer,
• Stephanie Hirn,
• Christian Johannes,
• Stefanie Kittler,
• Manfred Köller,
• Katrin Korn,
• Wolfgang G. Kreyling,
• Fritz Krombach,
• Jürgen Lademann,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Eva M. Luther,
• Marcelina Malissek,
• Martina C. Meinke,
• Daniel Nordmeyer,
• Anne Pailliart,
• Jörg Raabe,
• Fiorenza Rancan,
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser,
• Eckart Rühl,
• Carsten Schleh,
• Andreas Seibel,
• Christina Sengstock,
• Lennart Treuel,
• Annika Vogt,
• Katrin Weber and
• Reinhard Zellner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1944–1965, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.205

• ). Here, we demonstrated that hMSC internalize silver nanoparticles, detectable as agglomerates in the perinuclear region. Previously we have shown that in the presence of 10% fetal calf serum within the cell culture medium, the particles do not agglomerate [48]. Thus, the molecular basis of this

Imaging the intracellular degradation of biodegradable polymer nanoparticles

• Anne-Kathrin Barthel,
• Martin Dass,
• Melanie Dröge,
• Jens-Michael Cramer,
• Daniela Baumann,
• Markus Urban,
• Katharina Landfester,
• Volker Mailänder and
• Ingo Lieberwirth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1905–1917, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.201

• , Germany. Primary human MSCs were generated as previously described [25] and kept in alpha minimum essential medium (α-MEM, Lonza, Belgium) supplemented with 20% fetal calf serum (FCS), 100 units of penicillin, 100 μg·mL−1 streptomycin, and 1 mM pyruvate (all from Invitrogen, Germany) in addition to 3 mL

The surface properties of nanoparticles determine the agglomeration state and the size of the particles under physiological conditions

• Christoph Bantz,
• Olga Koshkina,
• Thomas Lang,
• Hans-Joachim Galla,
• C. James Kirkpatrick,
• Roland H. Stauber and
• Michael Maskos

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1774–1786, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.188

• proteins. RPMI1640 cell medium supplemented with fetal calf serum (FCS, 5 vol %) was applied as a model medium. DLS reveals an average hydrodynamic radius of 9 nm (and a μ2 value of 0.16) for the protein mixture, describing the presence of a large number of proteins with variable sizes. In contrast to the

Influence of surface-modified maghemite nanoparticles on in vitro survival of human stem cells

• Michal Babič,
• Daniel Horák,
• Lyubov L. Lukash,
• Tetiana A. Ruban,
• Yurii N. Kolomiets,
• Svitlana P. Shpylova and
• Oksana A. Grypych

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1732–1737, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.183

• Biology and Genetics (NAS of Ukraine, Kiev). The cells were cultivated in standard DMEM medium with the addition of 100 U/mL penicillin, 100 µg streptomycin/mL and 10% fetal calf serum and reseeded to subconfluent state. The cells were used after long-time cultivation in vitro (more than one hundred