Effect of repeating hydrothermal growth processes and rapid thermal annealing on CuO thin film properties

• Monika Ozga,
• Eunika Zielony,
• Aleksandra Wierzbicka,
• Anna Wolska,
• Marcin Klepka,
• Marek Godlewski,
• Bogdan J. Kowalski and
• Bartłomiej S. Witkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 743–754, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.62

• and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspiańskiego 27, 50–370 Wroclaw, Poland 10.3762/bjnano.15.62 Abstract This paper presents an investigation into the influence of repeating cycles of hydrothermal growth processes and rapid thermal annealing (HT+RTA) on the properties of CuO thin films. An innovative

• , AccuThermo AW610, Allwin21) at 450 °C for 5 min. The heating rate was 45 °C/s. This thermal processing took place in an O2/N2 atmosphere at a 1:1 ratio. The complete sequence of the hydrothermal growth process and rapid thermal annealing steps is referred to as the HT+RTA cycle. Samples that underwent this

• sequential execution of hydrothermal growth processes followed by rapid thermal annealing has a positive influence on material characteristics. Analysis of the films’ elemental composition reveals that repeating HT+RTA cycles leads to a significant reduction in carbon compound content within the produced CuO

Enhanced electronic transport properties of Te roll-like nanostructures

• E. R. Viana,
• N. Cifuentes and
• J. C. González

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1284–1291, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.106

• acid-controlled hydrothermal growth [21]. However, the typical seed at the center of the scroll-like nanostructures grown by reflux processes was not observed in our case, nor was the characteristic sharp tip at both ends of the shuttle-like scrolled Te NTs. Figure 2 shows TEM images and the

Zinc oxide nanostructures for fluorescence and Raman signal enhancement: a review

• Ioana Marica,
• Fran Nekvapil,
• Maria Ștefan,
• Cosmin Farcău and
• Alexandra Falamaș

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 472–490, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.40

• ordered hybrid nanostructured substrates, ranging from more expensive and laborious ones, such as pulsed laser deposition or hydrothermal growth, followed by sputtering processes [31] or electron beam lithography to more cost-efficient and simple ones, such as photochemical deposition of metallic NPs or a

A non-enzymatic electrochemical hydrogen peroxide sensor based on copper oxide nanostructures

• Irena Mihailova,
• Vjaceslavs Gerbreders,
• Marina Krasovska,
• Eriks Sledevskis,
• Valdis Mizers,
• Andrejs Bulanovs and
• Andrejs Ogurcovs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 424–436, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.35

• copper wire is observed. This process is similar to the conventional hydrothermal growth of most metal oxides described in previous studies [74][78][79]; however, this work has a fundamental difference: Cu-containing salts are not used in the synthesis process. The copper wire itself acts as the

Tin dioxide nanomaterial-based photocatalysts for nitrogen oxide oxidation: a review

• Viet Van Pham,
• Hong-Huy Tran,
• Thao Kim Truong and
• Thi Minh Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 96–113, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.7

• al. on using Ag@SnO2 NPs for removing NO, taking advantage of plasmonic-induced photocatalysis [72]. The Ag@SnO2 NPs were fabricated by a simple and green approach using hydrothermal growth and photoreduction deposition. The introduction of Ag induced a bending of the band structure of SnO2 NPs

9.1% efficient zinc oxide/silicon solar cells on a 50 μm thick Si absorber

• Rafal Pietruszka,
• Bartlomiej S. Witkowski,
• Monika Ozga,
• Katarzyna Gwozdz,
• Ewa Placzek-Popko and
• Marek Godlewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 766–774, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.60

• ALD reactor. Hydrothermal growth Sample A was placed into the ALD growth chamber to deposit nanoseeds of ZnO. Nanoseeds were obtained by repeating the ALD cycle for 13 times (see below in Table 1). The temperature was set to 100 °C. In the process, diethylzinc (DEZ, CAS Number 557-20-0) and deionized

• water were used as zinc and oxygen precursors, respectively. After growth of the ZnO nanoseeds, the samples were transferred to the HT reactor. The solution for hydrothermal growth was prepared by dissolving 3 g of zinc acetate (CAS Number 557-34-6) in 70 mL of deionized water, adjusted to pH 7.5 by a 1

Preparation, characterization and photocatalytic performance of heterostructured CuO–ZnO-loaded composite nanofiber membranes

• Wei Fang,
• Liang Yu and
• Lan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 631–650, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.50

• evenly distributed on the surface of the nanofibers, which provide a seed layer for further hydrothermal growth. When the weight ratio reaches 1:1, the nanofibers the particles aggregated and the fibers become bundled. Therefore, a weight ratio of 1:2 was chosen as the optimum parameter for further

• . Hence, the temperature range from 120 to 140 °C yields CNFMs with CuO and ZnO seeds that can act good templates for the subsequent hydrothermal growth. FTIR and XRD analysis: CNFMs with and without heat treatment were analyzed by FTIR (Figure 11). The spectra of the CNFMs with and without heat treatment

• crystals. In Figure 20b, the ratio between Cu and Zn is 1:1. Wetting properties of the CNFMs The influence of the CuO-ZnO heterostructures on the wettability of the CNFMs was investigated, and the morphologies and CA of CNFMs before and after heat treatment and hydrothermal growth are given in Figure 21

Advanced scanning probe lithography using anatase-to-rutile transition to create localized TiO₂ nanorods

• Julian Kalb,
• Vanessa Knittel and
• Lukas Schmidt-Mende

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 412–418, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.40

• Julian Kalb Vanessa Knittel Lukas Schmidt-Mende Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.10.40 Abstract In this article, we demonstrate the position-controlled hydrothermal growth of rutile TiO2 nanorods using a new scanning

• work of Li et al. and Sclafani et al. forms the basis of the development of the presented technique. They assume the transformation of anatase into rutile nanoparticles to be major process during the hydrothermal growth of rutile TiO2 nanorods [37][38]. It was observed by different groups that rutile

• transformation into rutile TiO2 on these facets [41]. Thus, it is possible to promote a position-controlled hydrothermal growth by generating anatase nanoparticles locally by scratching across an anatase film using a conventional AFM tip. Experimental We fabricated a 40 nm thin amorphous TiO2 film by DC sputter

Oriented zinc oxide nanorods: A novel saturable absorber for lasers in the near-infrared

• Pavel Loiko,
• Tanujjal Bora,
• Josep Maria Serres,
• Haohai Yu,
• Magdalena Aguiló,
• Francesc Díaz,
• Uwe Griebner,
• Valentin Petrov,
• Xavier Mateos and
• Joydeep Dutta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2730–2740, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.255

• epitaxy, metal-organic chemical vapor deposition, pulsed laser deposition), or by wet-chemical processes (e.g., the hydrothermal method, electrochemical deposition) [4]. The hydrothermal growth of ZnO NRs is a relatively simple, versatile and low temperature process [5]. ZnO NRs are used in gas sensors

• immerged in an aqueous solution of zinc nitrate hexahydrate (10 mM) and hexamethylenetetramine (10 mM) and the reaction bath was maintained at 90 °C for 5–15 h. During the hydrothermal growth, the reaction solution was replenished every 5 h in order to maintain a constant growth rate of the NRs. Finally

ZnO-nanostructure-based electrochemical sensor: Effect of nanostructure morphology on the sensing of heavy metal ions

• Marina Krasovska,
• Vjaceslavs Gerbreders,
• Irena Mihailova,
• Andrejs Ogurcovs,
• Eriks Sledevskis,
• Andrejs Gerbreders and
• Pavels Sarajevs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2421–2431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.227

• working electrode surface area, and consequently, large number of active links that raises the overall sorption capability. Our research team performed a series of experiments aimed at determining the influence of hydrothermal growth conditions on the parameters of the obtained nanostructures, as well as

• based on previously recognized optimal hydrothermal growth parameters and are characterized by increased homogeneity, density, and orderliness in comparison with those obtained in early studies. To determine the peculiarities of adsorption for each morphology, a series of electrochemical measurements

• nanorods and nanoneedles, which are formed in the hydrothermal growth process, nanotubes are formed in the etching process. Because of the remarkable deficiency of Zn ions, the aging process further suppresses the growth processes, and the probability of a new plane formation at the polar metastable plane

Magnetism and magnetoresistance of single Ni–Cu alloy nanowires

• Andreea Costas,
• Camelia Florica,
• Elena Matei,
• Maria Eugenia Toimil-Molares,
• Ionel Stavarache,
• Andrei Kuncser,
• Victor Kuncser and
• Ionut Enculescu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2345–2355, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.219

• -resistance and magneto-thermopower measurements on single Co–Ni alloy nanowires have been reported [10]. Several methods have been reported for the controlled fabrication of magnetic nanowires including lithographical techniques, chemical vapor deposition and hydrothermal growth [11][12][13]. The main

Sensing behavior of flower-shaped MoS₂ nanoflakes: case study with methanol and xylene

• Maryam Barzegar,
• Masoud Berahman and
• Azam Iraji zad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 608–615, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.57

• the resistance returns back to its initial value. In the hydrothermal growth of MoS2 (as proven before), the high edges, corners and vacancies provide proper sites for reaction and sensing of the gas molecules [43]. A scrutinized investigation of the results revealed that when methanol enters the

Gas-sensing behaviour of ZnO/diamond nanostructures

• Marina Davydova,
• Alexandr Laposa,
• Jiri Smarhak,
• Alexander Kromka,
• Neda Neykova,
• Josef Nahlik,
• Jiri Kroutil,
• Jan Drahokoupil and
• Jan Voves

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 22–29, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.4

• -terminated nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) films and/or n-type ZnO nanorods (NRs) have been obtained via a facile microwave-plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition process or a hydrothermal growth procedure. The morphology and crystal structure of the synthesized materials was analysed with scanning

Study of the surface properties of ZnO nanocolumns used for thin-film solar cells

• Neda Neykova,
• Jiri Stuchlik,
• Karel Hruska,
• Ales Poruba,
• Zdenek Remes and
• Ognen Pop-Georgievski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 446–451, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.48

• development of thin film solar cells based on ZnO NCs. Keywords: 3-dimensional solar cells; hydrothermal growth; optical spectroscopy; photothermal deflection spectroscopy; plasma treatment; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; ZnO nanocolumns; Introduction The widely accepted design of thin-film silicon (TF

• 150 nm. It should be noted, that after the hydrogen or oxygen surface plasma treatments the morphology of the nanocolumns does not change (see Figure S1 and Figure S2, Supporting Information File 1 for details). The chemical bonding structure of the ZnO films prepared by hydrothermal growth from a

• flow. The hydrothermal growth of ZnO nanocolumns was performed from an equimolar aqueous solution of 25 mmol zinc nitrate hexahydrate (Zn(NO3)2·6H2O) and hexamethylenetetramine ((CH2)6N4) in an aqueous bath at 90 °C for 3 h [15][23]. During the nanocolumns growth, the substrate was mounted upside-down

Bacteriorhodopsin–ZnO hybrid as a potential sensing element for low-temperature detection of ethanol vapour

• Saurav Kumar,
• Sudeshna Bagchi,
• Senthil Prasad,
• Anupma Sharma,
• Ritesh Kumar,
• Rishemjit Kaur,
• Jagvir Singh and
• Amol P. Bhondekar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 501–510, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.44

• ., specificity, sensitivity, photoactivity, concentration variability, threshold limit) and device fabrication with more precision with application specificity. Experimental ZnO thin film (ZnO-TF) preparation ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by hydrothermal growth [81][82]. Zinc acetate dihydrate (0.1 M) was

Paper modified with ZnO nanorods – antimicrobial studies

• Mayuree Jaisai,
• Sunandan Baruah and
• Joydeep Dutta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 684–691, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.78

• 20 mL of 4 mM sodium hydroxide [NaOH, Merck] solution was then added. The admixture was subsequently hydrolyzed at 60 °C for 2 h, which resulted in a transparent colloidal dispersion of ZnO nanoparticles. ZnO nanorods were grown following a low-temperature hydrothermal growth process [34][35]. The

Highly efficient ZnO/Au Schottky barrier dye-sensitized solar cells: Role of gold nanoparticles on the charge-transfer process

• Tanujjal Bora,
• Htet H. Kyaw,
• Soumik Sarkar,
• Samir K. Pal and
• Joydeep Dutta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 681–690, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.73

• hexamethylenetetramine (C6H12N4, Aldrich) were used as starting materials for the growth of the ZnO nanorods. A low-temperature hydrothermal process was used for the ZnO-nanorod growth. Detailed processes for the hydrothermal growth of the single crystalline ZnO nanorods are described in our previous reports [9][37][38

Enhanced visible light photocatalysis through fast crystallization of zinc oxide nanorods

• Sunandan Baruah,
• Mohammad Abbas Mahmood,
• Myo Tay Zar Myint,
• Tanujjal Bora and
• Joydeep Dutta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2010, 1, 14–20, doi:10.3762/bjnano.1.3

• . Growth of ZnO Nanorods The ZnO nanorods were grown hydrothermally on glass substrates, which were initially thiolated for better attachment of the ZnO nanoparticle seeds [31]. Hydrothermal growth of ZnO nanostructures is a simple and thermally efficient process [27]. Seeding was done by dip coating with

• absorption spectra of ZnO nanorods grown by the conventional hydrothermal method and by microwave irradiation of comparable exposed surface area. Estimated effective area of ZnO nanorod surfaces on substrates of size 1 × 3 cm, grown at different reactant concentrations during the hydrothermal growth process