Clays enhanced with niobium: potential in wastewater treatment and reuse as pigment with antibacterial activity

• Silvia Jaerger,
• Patricia Appelt,
• Mario Antônio Alves da Cunha,
• Fabián Ccahuana Ayma,
• Ricardo Schneider,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Fauze Jacó Anaissi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 141–154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.13

• intensity of the diffraction peak at 29.6° (2θ) decreased with the addition of the niobium compounds. This decrease can be attributed to the intercalation of the niobium in the interlayer of the clay, which increases the layer distance and the ion coordination of the interlayer to produce the

Modification of graphene oxide and its effect on properties of natural rubber/graphene oxide nanocomposites

• Nghiem Thi Thuong,
• Le Dinh Quang,
• Vu Quoc Cuong,
• Cao Hong Ha,
• Nguyen Ba Lam and
• Seiichi Kawahara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 168–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.16

• the XRD spectra for GO-VTES(a) and GO-VTES(b). The peak at 2θ = 11° belongs to the GO sheet, and a new peak that appeared at 2θ = 22° was assigned to the amorphous silica. The broad peak of GO in GO-VTES may be explained to be due to the intercalation of the GO sheet during modification. Silica was

In situ magnesiothermic reduction synthesis of a Ge@C composite for high-performance lithium-ion batterie anodes

• Ha Tran Huu,
• Ngoc Phi Nguyen,
• Vuong Hoang Ngo,
• Huy Hoang Luc,
• Minh Kha Le,
• Minh Thu Nguyen,
• My Loan Phung Le,
• Hye Rim Kim,
• In Young Kim,
• Sung Jin Kim,
• Van Man Tran and
• Vien Vo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 751–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.62

• , a new signal was observed at 0.1 V vs Li/Li+, ascribed to the intercalation of the carbon structure [55]. In the following cycles, multistep alloying processes of Ge appear in the range of 0.1–0.8 V vs Li/Li+. In the anodic process, the deintercalation of lithium ions from carbon (0.1 V vs Li/Li

The microstrain-accompanied structural phase transition from h-MoO₃ to α-MoO₃ investigated by in situ X-ray diffraction

• Zeqian Zhang,
• Honglong Shi,
• Boxiang Zhuang,
• Minting Luo and
• Zhenfei Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 692–700, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.55

• to form large one-dimensional tunnels with a diameter of ca. 3 Å [21]. The tunnel permits the intercalation of cations, water molecules, and ammonia, which leads to better photophysical and photochemical capabilities of h-MoO3 compared to the other MoO3 structures [17][22]. However, there are still

The steep road to nonviral nanomedicines: Frequent challenges and culprits in designing nanoparticles for gene therapy

• Yao Yao,
• Yeongun Ko,
• Grant Grasman,
• Jeffery E. Raymond and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 351–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.30

• mid-size molecular probes that bind and associate nonspecifically (structural adsorption, intercalation, or backbone interactions) or through explicit interactions with specific NAT residues [56]. Ultimately, the particulate structure of these systems can result in transport constraints into and

Bismuth-based nanostructured photocatalysts for the remediation of antibiotics and organic dyes

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo and
• Faisal Suleiman Mustafa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 291–321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.26

• , element substitutions, intercalation compounds, plasmon sensitization, heterojunctions, and composites [72][110][118][119]. Several synthesis techniques have been used as summarised in Figure 4. Several synthesis procedures for bismuth-based photocatalysts have already been published [25][88][119][120

Recent advances in nanoarchitectures of monocrystalline coordination polymers through confined assembly

• Lingling Xia,
• Qinyue Wang and
• Ming Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 763–777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.67

• composite in energy storage [129]. The connected core and shell frameworks presented a Na+ ion intercalation behavior governed by the outermost layer. Confined assembly of monocrystalline coordination polymers Monodispersed monocrystalline coordination polymers are building blocks for superstructures

The effect of metal surface nanomorphology on the output performance of a TENG

• Yiru Wang,
• Xin Zhao,
• Yang Liu and
• Wenjun Zhou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 298–312, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.25

• charge density [35][36][37], (2) reduction of the impact of the external environment on TENGs [38][39], (3) enhancement of the surface charge density, including active charge pumping and intercalation of a charge trap layer [40][41], and (4) increase of the number of TENG units [42][43]. In order to

Engineered titania nanomaterials in advanced clinical applications

• Padmavati Sahare,
• Paulina Govea Alvarez,
• Juan Manual Sanchez Yanez,
• Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas,
• Samik Chakraborty,
• Sujay Paul and
• Miriam Estevez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 201–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.15

• tailoring of TNTs are employed for delayed/controlled release of anti-inflammatory drugs. Chemical intercalation of the drugs inside the TNTs and the subsequent triggered release are other strategies applied for slow and controlled release [63]. Likewise, gelatin nps, along with the antibiotic vancomycin

Morphology-driven gas sensing by fabricated fractals: A review

• Vishal Kamathe and
• Rupali Nagar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1187–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.88

• method [81]. The as-prepared h-BiVO4 structure exhibited high sensitivity towards formaldehyde and ethanol. The formation of hyperbranched structures was found to be a function of different pH values, proton intercalation, and dissolution processes. The sensitivity in case of h-BiVO4 was found to be

Progress and innovation of nanostructured sulfur cathodes and metal-free anodes for room-temperature Na–S batteries

• Marina Tabuyo-Martínez,
• Bernd Wicklein and
• Pilar Aranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 995–1020, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.75

• intercalation in anode materials of SiBs, this knowledge should now be transferred to RT Na–S batteries to increase their safety and applicability. The patent survey also revealed quite clearly the gap that exists between academic and industrial RT Na–S battery research, where the former flourishes with a

Molecular assemblies on surfaces: towards physical and electronic decoupling of organic molecules

• Sabine Maier and
• Meike Stöhr

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 950–956, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.71

• ][30][31][32]. Additional concepts to weaken adsorbate–surface interactions involve the post-deposition intercalation of atomic species such as iodine [33]. For semiconductors, for example, bare silicon or germanium, electronic decoupling of molecules can be achieved by either the growth of ultrathin

Reconstruction of a 2D layer of KBr on Ir(111) and electromechanical alteration by graphene

• Zhao Liu,
• Antoine Hinaut,
• Stefan Peeters,
• Sebastian Scherb,
• Ernst Meyer,
• Maria Clelia Righi and
• Thilo Glatzel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 432–439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.35

• intercalation of a third material between a substrate and a 2D layer can be applied to tune the physical properties [13][14][15][16][17]. Schulzendorf et al. reported the electrical decoupling of graphene islands by the intercalation of single layers of KBr between the Cu(111) metal substrate and graphene

• by graphene and additionally less than one monolayer of KBr. For Cu(111), KBr intercalation, which induces a decoupling of the graphene layer from the metal substrate, was observed with a similar preparation [18]. Here, different types of KBr patterns are found in separated regions with and without

Extended iron phthalocyanine islands self-assembled on a Ge(001):H surface

• Rafal Zuzak,
• Marek Szymonski and
• Szymon Godlewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 232–241, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.19

• molecules on DBDs on Ge(001):H has already been reported for starphenes [25][30][34] and tribiphyenylenes [35]. The appearance of the single FePc molecules described above and the fact that we did not record any means of Fe intercalation point to the adsorption of intact molecules. In contrast, on the Si

ZnO and MXenes as electrode materials for supercapacitor devices

• Ameen Uddin Ammar,
• Ipek Deniz Yildirim,
• Feray Bakan and
• Emre Erdem

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 49–57, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.4

• ) oxide (Fe2O3), may be used to increase the layer spacing, which directly increases the ion transfer rate [16][17][18]. In other words, the intercalation or modification of MXenes helps to prevent the possibility of stacking, increases ion adsorption sites, and enhances electrochemical properties [19][22

• capacitance of 392.2 F·g−1 was measured at 5 mV·s−1 from 3D MXene-rGO with 20% graphene [23]. Zhu et al. proposed a way to intercalate organic cations into T3C2Tx to acquire carbon–MXene heterostructures. Due to intercalation and calcination processes, the interlayer space is increased, which leads to and

• vibration modes in the fingerprint E2 (high) mode, the second-order Raman E2(high) − E2(low) difference mode, and the transverse optical A1 and E1 modes [3][10]. (e) Intercalation–deintercalation (charge–discharge) behavior measured using CV. The results indicate that at when ZnO has a small crystallite

Gas sorption porosimetry for the evaluation of hard carbons as anodes for Li- and Na-ion batteries

• Yuko Matsukawa,
• Fabian Linsenmann,
• Maximilian A. Plass,
• George Hasegawa,
• Katsuro Hayashi and
• Tim-Patrick Fellinger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1217–1229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.106

• expansion of HCs during lithium intercalation is lower than that of graphite, implying longer lifetimes, the relatively lower volumetric energy density due to their lower density and lower energy efficiency were detrimental for their commercial usage in the uprising market of portable devices. In 1997, the

• market share of HC and graphite was still 52% and 43%, respectively, and today graphite is almost exclusively used as negative electrode material in commercial LIBs [11]. Graphite with an interlayer distance of 0.335 nm cannot be intercalated by sodium without solvent co-intercalation [9][12][13

• ]. Theoretical studies suggest a minimum distance of around 0.37 nm in order to enable reversible intercalation of sodium ions [14]. Therefore, the use of less crystalline carbon electrodes in SIBs cannot be avoided [15]. The lower gravimetric energy density compared to LIBs (because of the higher specific

Nonadiabatic superconductivity in a Li-intercalated hexagonal boron nitride bilayer

• Kamila A. Szewczyk,
• Izabela A. Domagalska,
• Artur P. Durajski and
• Radosław Szczęśniak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1178–1189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.102

• situation changed when it was suggested that the intercalation of lithium in hBN induces a transition to the metallic state [42]. Quasi-two-dimensional superconducting systems are currently being intensively studied for possible applications in nanometerscale superconducting quantum interference devices [43

Plant growth regulation by seed coating with films of alginate and auxin-intercalated layered double hydroxides

• Vander A. de Castro,
• Valber G. O. Duarte,
• Danúbia A. C. Nobre,
• Geraldo H. Silva,
• Vera R. L. Constantino,
• Frederico G. Pinto,
• Willian R. Macedo and
• Jairo Tronto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1082–1091, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.93

• ; intercalation compounds; layered double hydroxides (LDHs); layered materials; 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA); plant-growth regulators; Introduction Increasing food production in line with environmental preservation is a challenge to agricultural innovation. With regard to this, nanotechnology enables the

• development of new sustainable products to increase crop yields. Some studies have demonstrated the use of nanomaterials as host matrices for storage and slow release of active products as fertilizers and agrochemicals [1][2][3][4][5][6]. The intercalation of ions or molecules of agricultural interest into

• applied to plantations in higher doses than recommended. These high doses can cause environmental problems such as contamination of soil, water, plants, and animals. The intercalation of agrochemicals in LDHs can generate a sustained release of the organic compounds, reducing the number of applications

Exfoliation in a low boiling point solvent and electrochemical applications of MoO₃

• Matangi Sricharan,
• Bikesh Gupta,
• Sreejesh Moolayadukkam and
• H. S. S. Ramakrishna Matte

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 662–670, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.52

• % CB. The two sets of redox peaks at −0.38 V/−0.47 V and −0.47 V/−0.66 V correspond to the reversible intercalation of the H+ ions into the MoO3 layers [25]. In addition, composites were prepared by adding 5 and 8 wt % of CB, and the corresponding CV measurements are shown in Figure 3a. The highest

• change in slope, which could be due to the electrochemically reversible hydrogen intercalation, which was also seen in the voltammetry curves. The charge and discharge times were found to be 15 and 13 s at a current density of 1 A·g−1. Cycling stability is a key factor for the commercialization of

Molecular architectonics of DNA for functional nanoarchitectures

• Debasis Ghosh,
• Lakshmi P. Datta and
• Thimmaiah Govindaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 124–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.11

• the ECL quenching via formation of hydrogen peroxide. Kim and co-workers developed an innovative approach of intercalation of the anticancer drug doxorubicin within the DNA tetrahedron that showed improved therapeutic efficacy in drug-resistant breast cancer cells [70]. The doxorubicin-encapsulated

• scheme of templated DNA nanoarchitectonics. Similarly, fundamental DNA binding interactions of small molecules, viz., intercalation and groove binding, can be used to construct small molecule–DNA ensembles. Williams and co-workers reported a distinct binding mechanism based on the so-called phosphate

• due to the intercalation of porphyrin was neutralized via stabilization of the ensemble by stacking interactions that created the B-form duplex structure. Sitaula, Reed, and co-workers reported the ligation of a porphyrin derivative by a 19-nucleotide DNA sequence [92]. The porphyrin units were

Internalization mechanisms of cell-penetrating peptides

• Ivana Ruseska and
• Andreas Zimmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 101–123, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.10

• lipids in the outer leaflet in the membrane and the cationic groups of the CPP. This causes a lateral rearrangement of the negative charges and a thinning of the membrane. The aggregation of the CPPs at the membrane surface provokes a reduction of the local surface tension and allows for intercalation of

Advanced hybrid nanomaterials

• Andreas Taubert,
• Fabrice Leroux,
• Pierre Rabu and
• Verónica de Zea Bermudez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2563–2567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.247

• concomitant intercalation of both a thermal and a photo-oxidation stabilizer endows polypropylene with remarkable resistance against thermal degradation and photo-oxidation [25]. In the same vein, the protection of the polymer using organo-modified LDH was addressed in “Outstanding chain-extension effect and

Antimony deposition onto Au(111) and insertion of Mg

• Lingxing Zan,
• Da Xing,
• Abdelaziz Ali Abd-El-Latif and
• Helmut Baltruschat

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2541–2552, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.245

• intercalation of Mg. Figure 10 shows the electrochemical deposition and stripping and insertion/de-insertion behavior of Mg into the Sb-adlayer at the Au(111) electrode in 0.5 M MgCl2/0.5 M AlCl3 in tetraglyme. The electrochemical deposition and stripping behavior of Mg at the single crystalline gold electrode

A novel all-fiber-based LiFePO₄/Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ battery with self-standing nanofiber membrane electrodes

• Li-li Chen,
• Hua Yang,
• Mao-xiang Jing,
• Chong Han,
• Fei Chen,
• Xin-yu Hu,
• Wei-yong Yuan,
• Shan-shan Yao and
• Xiang-qian Shen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2229–2237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.215

• LiFePO4 cathode appear at 3.62 V and 3.24 V, respectively. This corresponds to the Li+ removal from and intercalation in LiFePO4, i.e., the redox process of Fe3+/Fe2+ [24]. The redox peaks of Li4Ti5O12 at 1.71 V and 1.47 V correspond to the Li+ removal from and intercalation in Li4Ti5O12, i.e., the redox

• process of Ti4+/Ti3+ [25]. The two small redox peaks at 2.06 V and 1.72 V correspond to the Li+ removal from and intercalation in TiO2. From the charge–discharge curves in Figure 8 (the second cycle), it can be seen that both electrodes have obvious charge–discharge plateaus at about 3.5 V and 1.5 V

• , which are consistent with the CV curves, corresponding to the processes of Li+ removal from and intercalation in LiFePO4 and Li4Ti5O12, respectively. It is noteworthy that two smaller plateaus for charging and discharging of TiO2 are also found on the charge-discharge curves of Li4Ti5O12, which is in

Improvement of the thermoelectric properties of a MoO₃ monolayer through oxygen vacancies

• Wenwen Zheng,
• Wei Cao,
• Ziyu Wang,
• Huixiong Deng,
• Jing Shi and
• Rui Xiong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2031–2038, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.199

• concentration of O vacancy concentrations. Hydrogen-ion intercalation [12] and solar-light irradiation [13] can turn MoO3 into MoO3−x and hence increase the electrical conductivity. Understanding the effect of O vacancies in MoO3 is very beneficial for its thermoelectric applications. Moreover, low-dimensional