Photocatalytic degradation of ofloxacin in water assisted by TiO₂ nanowires on carbon cloth: contributions of H₂O₂ addition and substrate absorbability

• Iram Hussain,
• Lisha Zhang,
• Zhizhen Ye and
• Jin-Ming Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1567–1579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.111

• nanowires remove 90–97% OFL in water with a high initial concentration of 50 ppm in 6 h under UV light irradiation for up to six cycles. The contributions of the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) additive were also studied. An enhanced efficiency could be achieved only when the H2O2 in water reaches a critical

• 200 ppm, utilizing carbon cloth coated with nanowires with a nominal area of 5 cm × 10 cm in a Pyrex reactor. A UV lamp with a power of 18 W was positioned 5.5 cm above the fluid to provide irradiation. The average UV intensity at the solution level was approximately 5.0 mW·cm−2, measured using an

• was examined through repetitive degradations of 50 ppm OFL solution under UV light irradiation (Figure 5d). Unlike the experiment in Figure 5a, which included a dark adsorption (from −3 to 0 h) allowing OFL to adsorb onto the photocatalyst before light exposure, the cycling experiments in Figure 5d

Influence of laser beam profile on morphology and optical properties of silicon nanoparticles formed by laser ablation in liquid

• Natalie Tarasenka,
• Vladislav Kornev,
• Alena Nevar and
• Nikolai Tarasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1533–1544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.108

• magnified image of the area exposed to irradiation from the outer rings (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S5c) shows individual twisted nanofilaments. This observation confirms the participation of the outer rings in nanofilament formation and proves melting of the target by the outer rings. In

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

• Nanoparticles in their pure colloidal form synthesized by laser-assisted processes such as laser ablation/fragmentation/irradiation/melting in liquids have attained much interest from the scientific community because of their specialties like facile synthesis, ultra-high purity, biocompatibility, colloidal

• ; nanocolloids to thin films; photocatalysis; photovoltaics and photodetection; surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS); Review 1 Introduction This section provides a brief introduction to the fundamental laser processing techniques used in liquids, including ablation, fragmentation, melting, irradiation; it

• detailed discussion of their resulting applications is also available [11]. One of the earlier review articles (published in the year 2012) on laser ablation/irradiation explains how to attain nanostructures with various compositions (e.g., metals, alloys, oxides, carbides, and hydroxides) and morphologies

Photochemical synthesis of silver nanoprisms via green LED irradiation and evaluation of SERS activity

• Tuan Anh Mai-Ngoc,
• Nhi Kieu Vo,
• Cong Danh Nguyen,
• Thi Kim Xuan Nguyen and
• Thanh Sinh Do

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1417–1427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.103

• AgNPrs. Optimal conversion was observed after 72 h of irradiation, producing well-defined AgNPrs with an average size of 78 nm. The SERS activity of the AgNPrs was evaluated using 4-mercaptobenzoic acid as a probe molecule. Compared to spherical AgNPs, AgNPrs exhibited a significantly higher SERS

• -MBA) as a probe molecule. In this study, AgNPrs were synthesized photochemically using green LED 10 W irradiation. Seeds were prepared using 1 mM AgNO3 and stabilized with a trisodium citrate (TSC)/AgNO3 molar ratio of 5. Physicochemical analyses confirmed the successful formation of AgNPrs with high

• ) irradiating the seeds with green LEDs to form AgNPrs with the aid of ʟ-arginine (L-A) [9]. Due to the different SPR properties between AgNPs and AgNPrs, the morphological transformation of silver nanostructures in sample can be observed through UV–vis spectra in Figure 2. After 6 h of LED irradiation, the UV

Ferroptosis induction by engineered liposomes for enhanced tumor therapy

• Alireza Ghasempour,
• Mohammad Amin Tokallou,
• Mohammad Reza Naderi Allaf,
• Mohsen Moradi,
• Hamideh Dehghan,
• Mahsa Sedighi,
• Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi and
• Fahimeh Lavi Arab

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1325–1349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.97

Wavelength-dependent correlation of LIPSS periodicity and laser penetration depth in stainless steel

• Nitin Chaudhary,
• Chavan Akash Naik,
• Shilpa Mangalassery,
• Jai Prakash Gautam and
• Sri Ram Gopal Naraharisetty

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1302–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.95

• This research paper delves into the exploration of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) on a 100 µm thin stainless steel (SS) sheet. Through the application of laser irradiation with wavelengths spanning from 400 to 2400 nm, we systematically generate ladder-like LIPSS across a substantial

• structure with laser irradiation wavelengths ranging from 400 to 2200 nm. From this, a linear trend in LIPSS characteristics was observed up to 2000 nm, and the threshold of the LIPSS formation was determined [52]. In the present work, we extend the LIPSS over a large area, instead of a single line, using

• 400 to 2400 nm laser irradiation. This enabled the examination of the cross-sectional zone where the cumulative effect of the laser irradiation occurs. We analyzed how these effects correlate with the incident laser wavelength. The manuscript delves into the critical parameter of penetration depth, or

Better together: biomimetic nanomedicines for high performance tumor therapy

• Imran Shair Mohammad,
• Gizem Kursunluoglu,
• Anup Kumar Patel,
• Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq,
• Cansu Umran Tunc,
• Dilek Kanarya,
• Mubashar Rehman,
• Omer Aydin and
• Yin Lifang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1246–1276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.92

• . RBC membrane was also conjugated with gold nanostars to control the release with near-infrared irradiation. Also, RBC and platelet hybrid membrane-coated gold nanostars achieved targeted delivery to melanoma cells while avoiding macrophage phagocytosis [129]. Although RBC-camouflage nanomedicines are

• nm) fluorescence and PTT, consisting of tumor cell-derived exosomes (EXO) and TT3-oCB nanoparticles. The TT3-oCB NP-EXOs showed promising and stable photothermal conversion capacity under 808 nm irradiation to be used as biomimetic NPs for NIR-II fluorescence imaging-guided PTT of tumors. The TT3-oCB

Hydrogels and nanogels: effectiveness in dermal applications

• Jéssica da Cruz Ludwig,
• Diana Fortkamp Grigoletto,
• Daniele Fernanda Renzi,
• Wolf-Rainer Abraham,
• Daniel de Paula and
• Najeh Maissar Khalil

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1216–1233, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.90

• polymer chains accomplished by irradiation, condensation reaction, radical polymerization, or chemical reactions [14][43][47]. Cross-linking agents or cross-linkers are symmetrical bifunctional compounds that contain two or more reactive ends capable of chemically attaching to specific functional groups

• by electronic beam irradiation. Polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels can be used for wound healing. Suhaeri et al. (2018) manufactured an adhesive hydrogel with PVA and a derivative of human pulmonary fibroblasts, in addition to ciprofloxacin, for treating infected wounds [95]. For the preparation of the

Crystalline and amorphous structure selectivity of ignoble high-entropy alloy nanoparticles during laser ablation in organic liquids is set by pulse duration

• Robert Stuckert,
• Felix Pohl,
• Oleg Prymak,
• Ulrich Schürmann,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Lorenz Kienle and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1141–1159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.84

• loss spectroscopy, in situ heating, post-irradiation experiments, and differential scanning calorimetry we demonstrate that a pulse-duration-driven structural difference occurs during laser ablation in liquid is observable to the three utilized solvents. While picosecond-pulsed laser ablation in liquid

• -irradiation experiments to pinpoint HEA NP formation pathways into thermodynamically favored or kinetically stabilized structures. Results and Discussion Picosecond-LAL (wavelength: 1064 nm, pulse energy: 0.15 mJ, repetition rate: 100 kHz, incident fluence: 0.1 J/cm2) and ns-LAL (wavelength: 1064 nm, pulse

• fluence, and post-irradiation effects. One assumption may be that amorphous phase formation is ruled by the particle diameter as it is well-known that smaller NPs may appear amorphous in diffraction-based techniques due to less coherent conditions for Bragg reflection from their crystalline domains [80

Fabrication of metal complex phthalocyanine and porphyrin nanoparticle aqueous colloids by pulsed laser fragmentation in liquid and their potential application to a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy

• Taisei Himeda,
• Risako Kunitomi,
• Ryosuke Nabeya,
• Tamotsu Zako and
• Tsuyoshi Asahi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1088–1096, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.80

• suspended in a poor solvent is fragmented into nanoparticles by intense pulsed laser irradiation, and the sample suspension is directly converted in to a colloidal dispersion without any chemical additives in one step. It has been demonstrated that several hydrophobic dyes such as metal complex Pcs (MPcs

• spectrometer, and the sample was irradiated with laser pulses until the absorption spectrum stopped changing. The sample was muddy blue, and most of the AlClPc precipitated to the bottom of the cuvette before laser irradiation. After irradiation with nanosecond laser pulses for 40 min (Figure 2a), the sample

• turned to deep clear blue. A broad absorption with peaks at 620 and 800 nm appeared and increased with laser irradiation time; the absorbance stopped changing after around 30 min irradiation as shown in Figure 2b. The two peaks that appeared at short and long wavelengths relative to the isolated

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

A calix[4]arene-based supramolecular nanoassembly targeting cancer cells and triggering the release of nitric oxide with green light

• Cristina Parisi,
• Loredana Ferreri,
• Tassia J. Martins,
• Francesca Laneri,
• Samantha Sollima,
• Antonina Azzolina,
• Antonella Cusimano,
• Nicola D’Antona,
• Grazia M. L. Consoli and
• Salvatore Sortino

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1003–1013, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.75

• methanol/water (1:1) and, for comparison, that of its non-nitrosated derivative 2b. Both compounds exhibit similar molar absorptivity, but the absorption maximum of 2 is by almost 100 nm blue-shifted due to the loss of the push−pull character of the nitroaniline chromophore. Irradiation of 2 with blue

• does not absorb green light (see Figure 3A) and, therefore, is unreactive to this excitation wavelength. However, irradiation of the 1·2 supramolecular complex leads to a photochemical transformation characterized by the increase of the typical absorption of the non-nitrosated derivative 2b (Figure 5A

• amperometric detection of this radical species through an ultrasensitive NO electrode while alternating cycles of light/dark. Figure 5C shows that the NO generation is achieved exclusively upon green light excitation of the nanoassembly and stops once the irradiation source is switched off. The quantum yield

Time-resolved probing of laser-induced nanostructuring processes in liquids

• Maximilian Spellauge,
• David Redka,
• Mianzhen Mo,
• Changyong Song,
• Heinz Paul Huber and
• Anton Plech

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 968–1002, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.74

• reactions that span from atomic to macroscopic length scales. Consequently, it is paramount to understand the complex cascades that follow laser irradiation of condensed matter. Of particular importance here is the processing in the presence of liquids surrounding the irradiated material, but also

• , it is important to understand and quantify such processes that may occur concomitantly and will affect each other. First, we develop a basic hypothesis of how laser irradiation with significant energy deposition into the system of interest (for example an aqueous colloid or solid surface in contact

Structural and magnetic properties of microwave-synthesized reduced graphene oxide/VO₂/Fe₂O₃ nanocomposite

• Sumanta Sahoo,
• Ankur Sood and
• Sung Soo Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 921–932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.70

• gained considerable research attention. In this context, the current work demonstrates a facile rGO-supported solid-state MW synthetic route for fabricating a ternary nanocomposite of VO2, Fe2O3, and rGO. Here, the MW irradiation for 90 s was found to be suitable for the reduction and exfoliation of

• . Keywords: Fe2O3; magnetism; microwave irradiation; reduced graphene oxide; VO2; Introduction Graphene-based materials have been significantly explored in various fields of materials science due to their unique physical and chemical characteristics [1][2][3][4]. The special arrangement of carbon materials

• with graphene by applying MW irradiation for certain time intervals. In this context, Zhang et al. reported the synthesis of Ni-Co sulfide/graphene NC through MW irradiation at a power of 1000 W for 60 s [12]. As a supercapacitor (SC) electrode, the MW-synthesized NC displayed a specific capacitance of

Characterization of ion track-etched conical nanopores in thermal and PECVD SiO₂ using small angle X-ray scattering

• Shankar Dutt,
• Rudradeep Chakraborty,
• Christian Notthoff,
• Pablo Mota-Santiago,
• Christina Trautmann and
• Patrick Kluth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 899–909, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.68

• nanopores in different materials, which is essential for optimizing membrane performance in applications that require precise pore geometry. Keywords: etched ion tracks; SiO2; small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS); swift heavy ion irradiation; track-etched nanopores; Introduction Solid-state nanopores have

• and a wider size distribution. Results and Discussions Figure 1 shows plan-view scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of nanopores fabricated in thermal (Figure 1a) and PECVD (Figure 1b) SiO2 by etching ion tracks produced with 1.6 GeV Au ion irradiation (see Experimental and Theory section for

• typically differ in morphology, density, and stoichiometry compared to thermally grown SiO2. The electronic energy loss (Se) in the thermal and PECVD SiO2 layers was calculated using the SRIM2008 code [49]. The average Se values for thermal SiO2 for 1.6 GeV, 185 MeV, and 89 MeV Au irradiation are 21.1, 16.6

Ar⁺ implantation-induced tailoring of RF-sputtered ZnO films: structural, morphological, and optical properties

• Manu Bura,
• Divya Gupta,
• Arun Kumar and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 872–886, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.66

• with 30 keV Ar+ ions. The energy used here was a low energy; also, argon is lighter than zinc. Because of this, the irradiation did not cause a significant shift in peak positions with increasing ion fluence, but it is observable. The shift in peak position and the variation in peak intensity of the

Insights into the electronic and atomic structures of cerium oxide-based ultrathin films and nanostructures using high-brilliance light sources

• Paola Luches and
• Federico Boscherini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 860–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.65

• -ray irradiation. The observed effect was identified as responsible for the enhanced catalytic activity of mixed ceria–zirconia materials in the applications [39]. Photoemission is a technique with a sensitivity limited to the topmost surface layers. In typical resonant photoemission experiments on

Synthesis and magnetic transitions of rare-earth-free Fe–Mn–Ni–Si-based compositionally complex alloys at bulk and nanoscale

• Shabbir Tahir,
• Tatiana Smoliarova,
• Carlos Doñate-Buendía,
• Michael Farle,
• Natalia Shkodich and
• Bilal Gökce

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 823–836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.62

• irradiation of the target material submerged in a liquid environment. This makes PLAL a safe, scalable and environmentally friendly approach [46][47][48]. Research on the synthesis of CoCrFeMnNi Cantor alloy NPs by PLAL demonstrated that this method consistently produces NPs with near-equiatomic compositions

Thickness dependent oxidation in CrCl₃: a scanning X-ray photoemission and Kelvin probe microscopies study

• Shafaq Kazim,
• Rahul Parmar,
• Maryam Azizinia,
• Matteo Amati,
• Muhammad Rauf,
• Andrea Di Cicco,
• Seyed Javid Rezvani,
• Dario Mastrippolito,
• Luca Ottaviano,
• Tomasz Klimczuk,
• Luca Gregoratti and
• Roberto Gunnella

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 749–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.58

• processes and the lower number of defects present per unit volume that can be exploited in the process. These numbers are increased under beam irradiation, when damages occurs as shown by the light blue area in Figure 5. These results are consistent with previous studies on bulk samples cleaved in vacuum

• silicon oxide substrate would help the determination of flakes thickness, we used also a more conductive substrate to measure photoemission under X-ray irradiation, that is, 1 nm thick native oxide Si substrates. Another convenient substrate for SPEM was 190 nm thick indium-doped tin oxide on glass

Efficiency of single-pulse laser fragmentation of organic nutraceutical dispersions in a circular jet flow-through reactor

• Tina Friedenauer,
• Maximilian Spellauge,
• Alexander Sommereyns,
• Verena Labenski,
• Tuba Esatbeyoglu,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Heinz P. Huber and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 711–727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.55

• phthalocyanines (VOPc and CuPc) in deionized water and other pure solvents but also influences the size and crystal phase via the chosen laser parameters [21][33]. Furthermore, spectroscopic analyses successfully demonstrated that an extinction enhancement occurs with increasing irradiation time and higher

• fenofibrate [42] by LFL is possible; however, depending on the applied power and irradiation time, an inversely proportional relationship between particle size and the portion of degradation products was reported. Previous studies using naproxen and fenofibrate as model drugs showed that using nanosecond

• the melting temperature range, which is why the melting temperature roughly corresponds to the degradation temperature [53][54][55][56]. Another potential mechanism would be photochemical degradation. It has been reported that upon irradiation the curcumin molecule dissociates primarily at its central

The impact of tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane hole transport layer doping on interfacial charge extraction and recombination

• Konstantinos Bidinakis and
• Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 678–689, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.52

• the HTL with BCF, we initially characterized the photovoltaic performance of each of the four solar cell batches with a solar simulator under 1 Sun irradiation (1000 W/m2). The corresponding parameters are reported in Table 1 and they refer to a statistical analysis of backward scans from ten devices

Focused ion and electron beams for synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials

• Aleksandra Szkudlarek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 613–616, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.47

• focused electron beam-induced etching (FEBIE), can effectively control edge profiles, supported by continuum modeling [12]. Additionally, using alternative precursors such as Pt(CO)2Cl2 and Pt(CO)2Br2 with low-energy ion irradiation enables the fabrication of high-purity Pt deposits. This process involves

Retrieval of B1 phase from high-pressure B2 phase for CdO nanoparticles by electronic excitations in Cd_xZn_1−xO composite thin films

• Arkaprava Das,
• Marcin Zając and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 551–560, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.43

• as an effective tool. Exposure to 120 MeV silver ion irradiation results in the complete amorphization of the B2 phase in CdO nanoparticles, while the crystalline hexagonal wurtzite phase of zinc oxide (ZnO) remains intact. In contrast, 80 MeV oxygen ion irradiation preserves the B2 phase and

• facilitates the reemergence of the B1 phase. The partial damage caused by electronic energy loss during oxygen ion irradiation in the willemite Zn2SiO4 phase is identified as a trigger for the B1 to B2 phase transformation in CdO nanoparticles, enabling the recovery of the B1 phase. The diminishing local

• pressure exerted by the Zn2SiO4 phase on CdO nanoparticles during oxygen ion irradiation leads to the coexistence of both B1 and B2 phases. X-ray absorption near-edge spectra (XANES) reveal minimal changes in the intensity of the spike-like Zn L3,2 pre-edge feature associated with the Zn2SiO4 phase under

Electron beam-based direct writing of nanostructures using a palladium β-ketoesterate complex

• Chinmai Sai Jureddy,
• Krzysztof Maćkosz,
• Aleksandra Butrymowicz-Kubiak,
• Iwona B. Szymańska,
• Patrik Hoffmann and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 530–539, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.41

• fragments such as CO, CH3CHO, and also CO2. These findings suggest that during FEB irradiation, the adsorbed [Pd(tbaoac)2] molecules may lose four carbon atoms per one (CH3)2CCH2 volatile molecular fragment, while the remaining carbon atoms may be removed as CO or CO2, hydrocarbons CHx, and other volatile

N₂⁺-implantation-induced tailoring of structural, morphological, optical, and electrical characteristics of sputtered molybdenum thin films

• Usha Rani,
• Kafi Devi,
• Divya Gupta and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 495–509, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.38

• ][20][21]. Ahmed et al. [13] investigated the effect of helium ion irradiation on the structural and electrical properties of Mo thin films. They noted that α-particles create defects that reduce charge carrier mobility, and the hardness increased from low to high ion fluence. Hoffman et al. [14

• accelerating voltage. At grazing incidence, the observed stress is either minimal or slightly tensile and is mostly unaffected by the accelerating voltage. Tripathi et al. [18] examined the temperature-dependent surface alterations in Mo films induced by He+ ion irradiation within the 773–1073 K range as a

• prospective substitute for tungsten in plasma-facing components of fusion devices. Klaver et al. [19] investigated the impact of irradiation with low-energy helium ions on the physical properties of molybdenum thin films. Ono et al. [20] studied the degradation of the optical characteristics of single- and