Synthesis and magnetic transitions of rare-earth-free Fe–Mn–Ni–Si-based compositionally complex alloys at bulk and nanoscale

• Shabbir Tahir,
• Tatiana Smoliarova,
• Carlos Doñate-Buendía,
• Michael Farle,
• Natalia Shkodich and
• Bilal Gökce

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 823–836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.62

• are prepared by ball milling and spark plasma sintering or powder pressing and sintering. Nanoparticles (NPs) from the bulk materials are synthesized by pulsed laser ablation in liquid. Magnetization measurements confirm a ferromagnetic-to-paramagnetic phase transition in bulk alloys, with Tc = 179 K

• available for producing CCA NPs, pulsed laser ablation in liquids (PLAL) stands out as a particularly promising method [41][42][43]. PLAL is a straightforward and versatile method that does not require expensive precursors, reducing agents, or surfactants [44][45]. The process is based on the laser

• components that can be later in-situ alloyed during PLAL to generate compositionally controlled CCA NPs. CCA NP synthesis and characterization Particle size distribution The NPs synthesized by pulsed laser ablation in ethanol exhibit a log–normal particle size distribution ranging from 2 to 130 nm for both

Morphology and properties of pyrite nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in liquid and thin films for photodetection

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• Rene Fabian Cienfuegos Pelaes,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• Josué Amílcar Aguilar-Martínez and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 785–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.60

• disulfide (FeS2)) nanoparticles (NPs) of different morphologies using pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) in different organic solvents. The impact of the solvent on the morphological, compositional, and optical properties of the synthesized NPs is investigated by techniques such as transmission electron

• prepared by PLAL. Keywords: electrophoretic deposition; pulsed laser ablation in liquid; pyrite nanoparticles; self-powered photodetector; spin coating; Introduction Pyrite (FeS2) is one of the earth-abundant and nontoxic semiconductors possessing a promising role in optoelectronic applications. FeS2 has

• Earth, including toxic heavy metals and metalloids, radionuclides, and organic pollutants [5]. In addition to the aforementioned advantages as a semiconductor, it has the potential to be used in various applications through its nanostructures created via pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) and thin

Efficiency of single-pulse laser fragmentation of organic nutraceutical dispersions in a circular jet flow-through reactor

• Tina Friedenauer,
• Maximilian Spellauge,
• Alexander Sommereyns,
• Verena Labenski,
• Tuba Esatbeyoglu,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Heinz P. Huber and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 711–727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.55

• viability even at high curcumin concentrations. Keywords: antioxidant; cannabidiol; curcumin; drug; food additive; low degradation; nanoparticle; pulsed laser ablation in liquids; solubilization; Introduction Laser synthesis and processing of colloids (LSPC) has become increasingly popular over the last

• few decades, as this relatively new fabrication method can be used to produce stable, additive-free colloids of different material classes under high-purity conditions, which are suitable for a wide range of technical applications [1][2][3][4][5]. Pulsed laser ablation (LAL), laser fragmentation (LFL

High-temperature epitaxial growth of tantalum nitride thin films on MgO: structural evolution and potential for SQUID applications

• Michelle Cedillo Rosillo,
• Oscar Contreras López,
• Jesús Antonio Díaz,
• Agustín Conde Gallardo and
• Harvi A. Castillo Cuero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 690–699, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.53

• nitrogen pressure between 10 and 90 mTorr. The experiment was performed in a laser ablation system “RIBER LDM 32”. It consists of three stainless steel ultrahigh-vacuum (UHV) chambers for sample introduction, PLD deposition, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, isolated by UHV gate valves

Feasibility analysis of carbon nanofiber synthesis and morphology control using a LPG premixed flame

• Iftikhar Rahman Bishal,
• Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim,
• Norikhwan Hamzah,
• Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop,
• Faizuan Bin Abdullah,
• I Putu Tedy Indrayana and
• Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 581–590, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.45

• delivery, tissue engineering, and implants [7]. Methods of CNT/CNF synthesis include (a) chemical vapor deposition, (b) arc discharge, (c) flame synthesis, and (d) laser ablation [1]. Flame-assisted synthesis is a promising method for efficient and continuous one-step production. Various flame

Effect of additives on the synthesis efficiency of nanoparticles by laser-induced reduction

• Rikuto Kuroda,
• Takahiro Nakamura,
• Hideki Ina and
• Shuhei Shibata

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 464–472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.35

• target source material is a ‘solid’ or a ‘metal ion’. Methods for synthesizing particles using solid materials include laser ablation in liquid (LAL) [13][14][15], laser fragmentation in liquid (LFL) [16], and laser melting in liquid (LML) [17], and many excellent reports have been published on the

Size control of nanoparticles synthesized by pulsed laser ablation in liquids using donut-shaped beams

• Abdel Rahman Altakroury,
• Oleksandr Gatsa,
• Farbod Riahi,
• Zongwen Fu,
• Miroslava Flimelová,
• Andrei Samokhvalov,
• Stephan Barcikowski,
• Carlos Doñate-Buendía,
• Alexander V. Bulgakov and
• Bilal Gökce

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 407–417, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.31

• GROC·UJI, Institute of New Imaging Technologies, Universitat Jaume I, Av. de Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain 10.3762/bjnano.16.31 Abstract The potential to modify the size distribution of nanoparticles synthesized by pulsed laser ablation in liquids is demonstrated using a donut-shaped

• laser beam. In experiments on pulsed laser ablation in water of gold, yttrium oxide, and high-entropy alloy targets with both Gaussian and donut-shaped beams, we observed a significant reduction in particle size, narrowing of the size distribution width, and an improvement in sphericity when utilizing

• size can cause cellular damage or prevent membrane permeation for drug delivery [10]. Therefore, a fine and reproducible size control during NP synthesis is essential. Pulsed laser ablation in liquids (PLAL) allows for the synthesis of colloidal NPs offering numerous advantages, such as being

Pulsed laser in liquid grafting of gold nanoparticle–carbon support composites

• Madeleine K. Wilsey,
• Teona Taseska,
• Qishen Lyu,
• Connor P. Cox and
• Astrid M. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 349–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.26

• air [60][61]. Attempts to include an Au+ component with a central binding energy of 85.2 eV [62] did not match the measured data, excluding the presence of Au+ here. The presence of Au+ has been observed in 800 nm femtosecond-reactive laser ablation in aqueous HAuCl4 solution [41]. We did not find

Preferential enrichment and extraction of laser-synthesized nanoparticles in organic phases

• Theo Fromme,
• Maximilian L. Spiekermann,
• Florian Lehmann,
• Stephan Barcikowski,
• Thomas Seidensticker and
• Sven Reichenberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 254–263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.20

• Chemical Engineering, Laboratory for Industrial Chemistry, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Str. 66, 44227 Dortmund, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.16.20 Abstract Pulsed laser ablation in liquids (LAL) is an established preparation method of nanoparticles and catalysts, which additionally allows to chemically

• ) was found to direct both the nanoparticles’ phase selectivity and recovery after cycling. The observed correlations provide potential guidelines for nanoparticle extraction and size separation, relevant for phase transfer and cycling during homogeneous catalysis. Keywords: catalysis; laser ablation

• in liquid; laser synthesis and processing of colloids; phase transfer; size separation; thermomorphic multiphase system; Introduction Laser ablation in liquids (LAL) provides nanoparticles without the need of external surfactants while retaining the initial composition of the educt material in the

Fabrication of hafnium-based nanoparticles and nanostructures using picosecond laser ablation

• Abhishek Das,
• Mangababu Akkanaboina,
• Jagannath Rathod,
• R. Sai Prasad Goud,
• Kanaka Ravi Kumar,
• Raghu C. Reddy,
• Ratheesh Ravendran,
• Katia Vutova,
• S. V. S. Nageswara Rao and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1639–1653, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.129

• /bjnano.15.129 Abstract This work presents a unique and straightforward method to synthesise hafnium oxide (HfO2) and hafnium carbide (HfC) nanoparticles (NPs) and to fabricate hafnium nanostructures (NSs) on a Hf surface. Ultrafast picosecond laser ablation of the Hf metal target was performed in three

• insight into their morphological and optical characteristics paving way for their applications in future. Keywords: hafnium; laser ablation in liquids; nanofibres; nanoparticles; nanostructures; Introduction Hafnium (Hf) is a tetravalent transition metal with compounds showing excellent thermal and

• desired morphology is essential for a given application. Generally, practical techniques for obtaining nanomaterials are sol–gel method, chemical and physical vapour deposition, hydrothermal method, ball milling, grinding, lithography, etching, and laser ablation [14][15][16][17][18]. The morphology

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles derived from algae and their larvicidal properties to control Aedes aegypti

• Matheus Alves Siqueira de Assunção,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Daiane Rodrigues dos Santos,
• Gabriel Bezerra Faierstein,
• Mara Elga Medeiros Braga,
• Severino Alves Junior,
• Rosângela Maria Rodrigues Barbosa,
• Herminio José Cipriano de Sousa and
• Fábio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1566–1575, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.123

• residues in the environment [30]. Physical methods include laser ablation, UV irradiation, evaporation condensation, aerosol methods, and lithography. High cost, high energy consumption, and expensive equipment make these techniques uneconomical [31]. Because of these disadvantages, synthesis methods based

Various CVD-grown ZnO nanostructures for nanodevices and interdisciplinary applications

• The-Long Phan,
• Le Viet Cuong,
• Vu Dinh Lam and
• Ngoc Toan Dang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1390–1399, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.112

• ], radio-frequency magnetron sputtering [47], pulsed laser ablation [48], and electrodeposition methods [49]. They have many application potentials in dye-sensitized solar cells [46], self-powered energy-harvesting devices [47], photocatalysts [48], and turbid lenses [50]. It has been suggested that the

Effect of wavelength and liquid on formation of Ag, Au, Ag/Au nanoparticles via picosecond laser ablation and SERS-based detection of DMMP

• Sree Satya Bharati Moram,
• Chandu Byram and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1054–1069, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.86

• Abstract The present study investigates the effects of input wavelength (1064, 532, and 355 nm) and surrounding liquid environment (distilled water and aqueous NaCl solution) on the picosecond laser ablation on silver (Ag), gold (Au), and Ag/Au alloy targets. The efficacy of the laser ablation technique

• implications for developing more efficient and stable SERS substrates for chemical detection applications. Keywords: dimethyl methyl phosphonate; laser material interaction; metal nanoparticles; picosecond laser ablation; SERS; thiram; Introduction Metal nanoparticles (NPs) are versatile materials widely

• used across various scientific and technological fields due to their distinctive optical, physical, and chemical properties. Over the past few decades, different methods have been developed for NP synthesis, including chemical reduction, electrochemistry, atomic layer deposition, laser ablation

Green synthesis of biomass-derived carbon quantum dots for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue

• Dalia Chávez-García,
• Mario Guzman,
• Viridiana Sanchez and
• Rubén D. Cadena-Nava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 755–766, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.63

• top-down approaches such as arc discharge and laser ablation, and bottom-up methods such as hydrothermal and microwave synthesis [7][22] Biomass sources for CQD synthesis include eggshells, papaya peel, and lemon peel [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. Applications

Laser synthesis of nanoparticles in organic solvents – products, reactions, and perspectives

• Theo Fromme,
• Sven Reichenberger,
• Katharine M. Tibbetts and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 638–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.54

• review also includes findings that are specific to the LSPC method variants laser ablation (LAL), fragmentation (LFL), melting (LML), and reduction (LRL) in organic liquids. A particular focus will be set on permanent gases, liquid hydrocarbons, and solid, carbonaceous species generated, including the

• reactions are needed. Furthermore, properties such as surface structure or crystallinity can be tailored by adjusting experimental conditions while retaining the initial chemical composition of the educt material [13]. LSPC can be classified into the method variants of laser ablation in liquid (LAL), laser

• laser ablation, fragmentation, or melting in liquids (RLAL, RLFL, or RLML), which refers to the synthesis of nanoparticles wherein molecular or galvanic replacement precursors, such as metal salts, are added to react in situ [7]. The added precursors take part in chemical reactions leading to the

Antimicrobial and mechanical properties of functionalized textile by nanoarchitectured photoinduced Ag@polymer coating

• Jessica Plé,
• Marine Dabert,
• Helene Lecoq,
• Sophie Hellé,
• Lydie Ploux and
• Lavinia Balan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 95–109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.11

• ] synthesized AgNPs on cotton fabrics using laser ablation, while Ahmad et al. [31] deposited AgNPs by the dip and dry method based on surface reduction reactions. However, the difference in expansion coefficients of the given metal layer and substrate can lead to surface defects under strain (cracks, loss of

Microneedle-based ocular drug delivery systems – recent advances and challenges

• Piotr Gadziński,
• Anna Froelich,
• Monika Wojtyłko,
• Antoni Białek,
• Julia Krysztofiak and
• Tomasz Osmałek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1167–1184, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.98

• cutting technique can be used to produce microneedles from metals or polymers. The main part of the process is cutting microneedles out of a plate with a laser and then bending them. The alignment of the tips can be achieved by electropolishing [149]. A similar technique is laser ablation. In this case

Fabrication and testing of polymer microneedles for transdermal drug delivery

• Vahid Ebrahiminejad,
• Zahra Faraji Rad,
• Philip D. Prewett and
• Graham J. Davies

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 629–640, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.55

• multistage fabrication processes with high production costs [7]. Similarly, laser ablation and lithography techniques are costly, requiring extended production time [8]. To overcome the current manufacturing limitations, MNs might be fabricated cost-effectively, with high precision and accuracy, using 3D

Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review

• Anastasiya Sergievskaya,
• Adrien Chauvin and
• Stephanos Konstantinidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2

• in the synthesis procedures. The most common physical methods used to generate NPs are high-energy ball milling, laser ablation, electrospraying, inert gas condensation, PVD, laser pyrolysis, flash spray pyrolysis, and melt mixing [16]. Chemical methods are the traditional and most widely used

A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures

• Sina Kaabipour and
• Shohreh Hemmati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 102–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.9

• ” synthesis methods. Several physical methods for top-down synthesis of silver nanostructures including ball milling [105][106][107], laser ablation [108][109][110][111][112], evaporation–condensation [113][114], electromagnetic levitation gas condensation (ELGC) [115], ultrasonication [116][117][118][119

• time [129][131]. However, the size distribution is large [129][132][133], and the NPs produced have a fairly large size distribution compared to NPs produced by chemical methods. 2.1.4 Laser ablation process. A promising physical synthesis method used widely in recent years is laser ablation. This

• ablation depends on the thermal and optical properties of the utilized metal and the surrounding ambient conditions [228][229]. Despite its significant advantages, laser ablation presents some disadvantages that limit their use. In general, this method does not have high productivity and the utilization of

High-responsivity hybrid α-Ag₂S/Si photodetector prepared by pulsed laser ablation in liquid

• Raid A. Ismail,
• Hanan A. Rawdhan and
• Duha S. Ahmed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1596–1607, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.142

• Raid A. Ismail Hanan A. Rawdhan Duha S. Ahmed Department of Applied Science, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq 10.3762/bjnano.11.142 Abstract We report the synthesis of α-Ag2S nanoparticles (NPs) by one-step laser ablation of a silver target in aqueous solution of thiourea (Tu, CH4N2S

• . Keywords: cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB); laser ablation; monodisperse; photodetector; silver(I) sulfide (Ag2S); thiourea; Introduction Nanomaterials have attracted considerable attention due to their superior chemical and physical properties. The size-dependent properties of nanomaterials have

• hydrothermal methods, chemical bath deposition, laser ablation in liquid reverse microemulsion, electrospinning, sol–gel, electrochemical method, template method, sonochemical method, and hydrochemical bath deposition [10][11][12][13]. The size of Ag2S NPs depends on the preparation conditions [14]. Ag2S NPs

Antimicrobial metal-based nanoparticles: a review on their synthesis, types and antimicrobial action

• Matías Guerrero Correa,
• Fernanda B. Martínez,
• Cristian Patiño Vidal,
• Camilo Streitt,
• Juan Escrig and
• Carol Lopez de Dicastillo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1450–1469, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.129

• subsections. Physical methods Examples of physical methods used to synthesize NPs are the evaporation/condensation method, magnetron sputtering, mechanochemical processing (MCP), microwave-thermal method, photoreduction process, and pulsed laser ablation, among others. The evaporation/condensation method

• irradiation time. For example, while Tan et al. [31] obtained spherical silver nanoparticles, Zhou et al. [32] obtained plate-like triangles. Another method used is the pulsed laser ablation technique which is used to synthesize colloidal solutions of Ag [33], Au [34], MgO [35], and ZnO [36] NPs, among others

One-step synthesis of carbon-supported electrocatalysts

• Sebastian Tigges,
• Nicolas Wöhrl,
• Ivan Radev,
• Ulrich Hagemann,
• Markus Heidelmann,
• Thai Binh Nguyen,
• Stanislav Gorelkov,
• Stephan Schulz and
• Axel Lorke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1419–1431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.126

• techniques [11] and laser ablation [12]) are surfactant-free and scalable. However, these approaches typically require multiple-step procedures in which the support and catalytic nanoparticles (NPs) are first produced individually and then combined in a third step (i.e., NP sedimentation in liquid phase [13

Microwave-induced electric discharges on metal particles for the synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials under solvent-free conditions

• Vijay Tripathi,
• Harit Kumar,
• Anubhav Agarwal and
• Leela S. Panchakarla

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1019–1025, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.86

• microscopy; Introduction The synthesis of nanomaterials in short time intervals with fewer chemicals has become increasingly important in materials science. Traditional routes of synthesizing nanomaterials, including sol–gel synthesis, solvothermal synthesis, arc-discharge synthesis, or laser ablation

Soybean-derived blue photoluminescent carbon dots

• Shanshan Wang,
• Wei Sun,
• Dong-sheng Yang and
• Fuqian Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 606–619, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.48

• residuals to synthesize carbon nanoparticles by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), annealing at high temperature, and laser ablation (LA) in a NH4OH solution. The carbon nanoparticles synthesized with the HTC process (HTC-CDs) exhibit photoluminescent characteristics with strong blue emission. The annealing

• to introduce N-surface-functional groups to carbon nanoparticles made from biomass and biowaste and to produce stable photoluminescent CDs with excellent water-wettability. Keywords: biomass; carbon dots; hydrothermal process; laser ablation; N-doping; photoluminescence; Introduction Carbon-based

• synthesizing CDs, including oxidation and reduction [13][14][15], laser ablation [16], microwave irradiation [9], pyrolysis [17], and hydrothermal treatment [18]. Some of these methods are tedious and time consuming and use strong acids and/or surface treatment to improve their water solubility and