Radiosensitizing properties of dual-functionalized carbon nanostructures loaded with temozolomide

• Radmila Milenkovska,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Petre Makreski,
• Dushko Lukarski,
• Igor Stojkovski,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska and
• Kristina Mladenovska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 229–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.18

• [13]. It was also shown that the CNs impair extracellular adhesion and regulate adhesion-dependent pathways (such as EGFR/AKT/mTOR and β-catenin) [14], inhibit angiogenesis via the NF-κB pathway [15], inhibit several signal transduction pathways (WNT/β-catenin, Notch, and JAK-STAT) [16], promote

Polymer lipid hybrid nanoparticles for phytochemical delivery: challenges, progress, and future prospects

• Iqra Rahat,
• Pooja Yadav,
• Aditi Singhal,
• Mohammad Fareed,
• Jaganathan Raja Purushothaman,
• Mohammed Aslam,
• Raju Balaji,
• Sonali Patil-Shinde and
• Md. Rizwanullah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1473–1497, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.118

• involved in carcinogenic pathways, including Bcl-2, BAX, NF-κB, and mTOR, revealing significant outcomes for APN-PLHNPs. Overall, encapsulating APN in PLHNPs represents a promising approach to enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of APN against various diseases. Isoliquiritigenin Isoliquiritigenin (IQN) is a

Antibody-conjugated nanoparticles for target-specific drug delivery of chemotherapeutics

• Mamta Kumari,
• Amitabha Acharya and
• Praveen Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 912–926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.75

• mechanisms involved in cancer, such as apoptotic proteins (e.g., Bcl-2 survival protein, tumour protein p53, tumour necrosis factor, and nuclear factor kappa-B) [23][24], cancer surface markers (CD44, CD133, and ALDH1) [25] signaling pathways (e.g., PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, Hippo pathway, Wnt/β-catenin pathway

Nanotechnology – a robust tool for fighting the challenges of drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer

• Filip Gorachinov,
• Fatima Mraiche,
• Diala Alhaj Moustafa,
• Ola Hishari,
• Yomna Ismail,
• Jensa Joseph,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska,
• Marija Glavas Dodov,
• Nikola Geskovski and
• Katerina Goracinova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 240–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.23

• pathway inhibitor/s EGFR signal transduction pathways can be roughly divided into a pro-survival arm with the PI3K-mTOR-AKT cascade and a proliferative arm with the Ras-Raf-Mek-Erk cascade. Enhanced kinase activity on mutated EGFR with exon 19 deletion is associated with upregulated c-MYC levels through

• several downstream effectors [75][76][77]. The binding of KRAS-GTP to several effectors, among them PIK3K and RAF kinases, triggers activation of downstream AKT and mTOR (PIK3K), which regulates apoptosis, metabolism, and translation, as well as MEK and ERK signaling (RAF kinases), which influences cell

Use of nanosystems to improve the anticancer effects of curcumin

• Andrea M. Araya-Sibaja,
• Norma J. Salazar-López,
• Krissia Wilhelm Romero,
• José R. Vega-Baudrit,
• J. Abraham Domínguez-Avila,
• Carlos A. Velázquez Contreras,
• Ramón E. Robles-Zepeda,
• Mirtha Navarro-Hoyos and
• Gustavo A. González-Aguilar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1047–1062, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.78

• proapoptotic effect through its interaction with multiple molecular targets, including caspases (3, 9, and 8), Apaf1, PARP, Bax, Cyto-C, PUMA, MCL-1, and Survivin, while also suppressing the expression of β-catenin, p-glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), cyclin D1, c-myc, and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway [24

Functionalized polystyrene nanoparticles as a platform for studying bio–nano interactions

• Cornelia Loos,
• Tatiana Syrovets,
• Anna Musyanovych,
• Volker Mailänder,
• Katharina Landfester,
• G. Ulrich Nienhaus and
• Thomas Simmet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2403–2412, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.250

• used superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Keywords: amino groups; apoptosis; carboxyl groups; cell proliferation; leukemia cell lines; macrophages; mTOR; polystyrene nanoparticles; Review Applications of polystyrene Polystyrene, one of the most extensively used types of plastic [1], is an

• rapamycin (mTOR), a key kinase controlling cell growth and proliferation and implicated in many human diseases including cancer and diabetes [65]. Thus, the integrity of membranes of acidic lysosomal compartments are important for the activation of mTOR [65]. We could show that PS-NH2 inhibits, whereas PS

• -COOH activates the mTOR signaling in leukemia cells. Consistently, PS-NH2 inhibits the activation of the mTOR downstream targets, Akt and p70 ribosomal S6 kinase 1, and blocked proliferation in three leukemia cell lines in vitro and in vivo [41]. Conclusion In these studies, we have used functionalized