Enhancing higher-order modal response in multifrequency atomic force microscopy with a coupled cantilever system

• Wendong Sun,
• Jianqiang Qian,
• Yingzi Li,
• Yanan Chen,
• Zhipeng Dou,
• Rui Lin,
• Peng Cheng,
• Xiaodong Gao,
• Quan Yuan and
• Yifan Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 694–703, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.57

• applied the bridge/cantilever coupled structure to microcantilevers with different sizes and found that the modal vibration shapes were all in accordance with the vibration characteristics of the coupled system; also, the modal frequencies and higher-order modal responses were enhanced. This indicates

• that the model has no special requirements for the cantilever size. The first two orders of the simulated modal vibration shapes for different sizes of microcantilevers are shown in Supporting Information File 1. Considering the need to scale up and experiment, we selected cantilevers of the same size

Intermodal coupling spectroscopy of mechanical modes in microcantilevers

• Ioan Ignat,
• Bernhard Schuster,
• Jonas Hafner,
• MinHee Kwon,
• Daniel Platz and
• Ulrich Schmid

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 123–132, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.13

• two modes and their interaction, amplified by the red sideband pump, which is set at the frequency difference of the two modes in question. A main advantage of working with continuous mechanical systems, such as microcantilevers, is the plethora of eigenmodes available [43]. For every combination of

Design of V-shaped cantilevers for enhanced multifrequency AFM measurements

• Mehrnoosh Damircheli and
• Babak Eslami

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1525–1541, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.135

• their measurements and investigations, there is a need for further expansion of the field. One of the current limitation in the field is the theoretical understanding of V-shaped cantilevers in multifrequency AFM. Microcantilevers are one of the most important components of micro-electromechanical

• systems (MEMS), superparamagnetic particle embedded microprobe (SPEM) sensors, or lab-on chips devices [5][6][7][8]. Microcantilevers are also an important component of atomic force microscopes (AFM). Due to their importance in AFM, there have been many studies on modeling the cantilevers to represent the

Ultrasensitive detection of cadmium ions using a microcantilever-based piezoresistive sensor for groundwater

• Dinesh Rotake,
• Anand Darji and
• Nitin Kale

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1242–1253, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.108

• the WHO limit of 3 μg/L. Keywords: BioMEMS; heavy metal ions (HMIs); limit of detection (LOD); microcantilevers; microfluidics; micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS); piezoresistive sensors; SAM (self-assembled monolayers); World Health Organization (WHO); Introduction Water is fundamentally

• . [28], but it is not suitable for other high-temperature sputtering processes. Microcantilevers based on SiO2 have been manufactured by Tang et al. [29] to enhance the sensitivity of cantilever sensors. Many authors use optical setups for microcantilevers. However, an optical output has several

• -DL-GC experiments. The values shows that the microcantilevers in channels 1 and 8 broke during the wire bonding and are not present in the analysis. The piezoresistive MEMS devices exhibit a fast response to changes in the resistance depending on the additional mass of Cd(II) loaded on the surface

Bidirectional biomimetic flow sensing with antiparallel and curved artificial hair sensors

• Claudio Abels,
• Antonio Qualtieri,
• Toni Lober,
• Alessandro Mariotti,
• Lily D. Chambers,
• Massimo De Vittorio,
• William M. Megill and
• Francesco Rizzi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 32–46, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.4

• lengths (100 μm, 200 μm and 400 μm) at varying water flow rates between 0 and 0.2 m s−1. The microcantilevers were able to measure small flow rates between 0 and 0.23 m s−1, with a sensitivity ranging between 1.5 and 3.5 Ω/(cm s−1). Qualtieri et al. [44] developed bent artificial hair sensors (600 μm

Contact-free experimental determination of the static flexural spring constant of cantilever sensors using a microfluidic force tool

• John D. Parkin and
• Georg Hähner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 492–500, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.43

• frequency and Q-factor Table 1 summarizes the geometrical dimensions, resonant frequency and Q-factor of the cantilevers studied. Here, “Nominal” refers to the information provided by the manufacturers. The actual plan view dimensions of all microcantilevers were determined with an Olympus optical

• can be employed to provide accurate forces on the micrometer scale. We showed that a wide range of microcantilevers with very different static spring constants and geometric shapes can be calibrated without the need to bring the sensor into contact with a surface. An array of cantilevers could also

A simple method for the determination of qPlus sensor spring constants

• John Melcher,
• Julian Stirling and
• Gordon A. Shaw

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1733–1742, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.177

• traditional silicon microcantilevers for ncAFM. The stiff spring constant of the tuning fork enables precise control over the tip–sample separation at short stand-off distances despite relatively large van der Waals interactions. Moreover, the mass production of tuning forks for timing applications has

Nanomechanical humidity detection through porous alumina cantilevers

• Olga Boytsova,
• Alexey Klimenko,
• Vasiliy Lebedev,
• Alexey Lukashin and
• Andrey Eliseev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1332–1337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.137

• mJ of UV radiation [13]). Then unmasked AAO was etched away with 0.5% KOH for 10 min. The mask was removed after drying the samples at 160 °C for 10 min with acetone. Finally the remaining aluminium was dissolved in 0.5 M CuCl2 acidic solution (5 vol % HCl). The size of the obtained microcantilevers

Dynamic force microscopy simulator (dForce): A tool for planning and understanding tapping and bimodal AFM experiments

• Horacio V. Guzman,
• Pablo D. Garcia and
• Ricardo Garcia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 369–379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.36

• simulate the dynamics of directly excited microcantilevers (photo-thermal or magnetic excitation). The amplitude spectrum also depends on the medium (zc = 5 nm). The anharmonicity of the motion is higher in liquid [20][59]. For all the frequencies except the fundamental, the amplitude of the harmonics is

Porous polymer coatings as substrates for the formation of high-fidelity micropatterns by quill-like pens

• Michael Hirtz,
• Marcus Lyon,
• Wenqian Feng,
• Andrea E. Holmes,
• Harald Fuchs and
• Pavel A. Levkin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 377–384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.44

• 10.3762/bjnano.4.44 Abstract We explored the potentials of microarray printing using quill-like microcantilevers onto solid supports that are typically used in microspot printing, including paper, polymeric nitrocellulose and nylon membranes. We compared these membranes with a novel porous poly(2

• the porous HEMA substrates can improve the fidelity and quality of microarrays prepared by using the quill-like microcantilevers. The presented method sets the stage for further studies using chemical and biochemical recognition elements, along with colorimetric and fluorometric sensors that can be

• –50 micrometer sized spots inside a HEMA film, using quill-like microcantilevers. In contrast to nonporous substrates, porous films allow for the noncovalent infiltration of fluorescent sensors or dyes that can accommodate a greater volume and increased surface area for analyte binding. This should

Optimal geometry for a quartz multipurpose SPM sensor

• Julian Stirling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 370–376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.43

• two eigenmodes of a symmetric sensor. Plotted for 150 μm tungsten tips of varying lengths. Dimensions and dynamic properties of silicon microcantilevers that would provide normal spring constants of 2 kN·m−1. Ltip is the tip length required to provide a lateral spring constant of 2 kN·m−1. qPlus

Determining cantilever stiffness from thermal noise

• Jannis Lübbe,
• Matthias Temmen,
• Philipp Rahe,
• Angelika Kühnle and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 227–233, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.23

• of the cantilever is small, is given by where kn and Qn are the modal stiffness [4] and Q-factor of the nth cantilever eigenmode [5], respectively. The relation is of relevance for any practical application involving microcantilevers and specifically important for high-resolution noncontact atomic

High-resolution dynamic atomic force microscopy in liquids with different feedback architectures

• John Melcher,
• David Martínez-Martín,
• Miriam Jaafar,
• Julio Gómez-Herrero and
• Arvind Raman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 153–163, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.15

• liquids showed that significant higher harmonic distortions in the oscillation waveform could provide additional channels for compositional mapping [35]. More recently, it was discovered that the use of soft microcantilevers (≤1 N/m) with quality factors close to unity resulted in higher harmonics from

• higher eigenmodes [36][37]. The present theory does not extend to soft microcantilevers in liquids. However, from prior work, we can expect that the primary difference for soft microcantilevers is that the dissipation reflects the energy lost to higher harmonics [38][39]. Performance metrics for high

Sensing surface PEGylation with microcantilevers

• Natalija Backmann,
• Natascha Kappeler,
• Thomas Braun,
• François Huber,
• Hans-Peter Lang,
• Christoph Gerber and
• Roderick Y. H. Lim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2010, 1, 3–13, doi:10.3762/bjnano.1.2

• how microcantilevers can be used to monitor conformational changes in the grafted PEG layer in different solvent conditions. This is supported by atomic force microscope (AFM) images and force–distance curve measurements of the microcantilever chip surface, which show that the grafted PEG undergoes a

• (phosphate-buffered saline buffer, PBS) and poor solvent conditions (a binary mixture of 20% 2-propanol in PBS), we observe a marked response that is characteristic of a reversible collapse in the PEG layer. Results PEGylation of Au-coated microcantilevers. In our study we applied a direct “grafting to

• of eight microcantilevers in a Au-coated array were passivated (i.e., blocked) with monolayers of undecanethiol exposing four ethylene glycol units (EG4–C11–SH). These were used as internal reference microcantilevers within the same array (see Experimental section). This step is required to exclude