Insights into the electronic and atomic structures of cerium oxide-based ultrathin films and nanostructures using high-brilliance light sources

• Paola Luches and
• Federico Boscherini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 860–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.65

• FEL was also exploited to investigate the electron transfer process in a composite plasmonic/semiconductor system, based on silver NPs embedded in a CeO2 film [63]. Pump–probe XANES measurements were performed at the Ce N4,5 edge upon photoexcitation of plasmonic resonances in the metal NPs by visible

• N4,5 XANES acquired using synchrotron radiation on the composite film and two reference spectra of Ce4+ and Ce3+ from literature [64]. Also, it evidences the photon energies used for the pump–probe FEL measurements. The transient XANES intensity after pumping the Ag plasmonic resonance, exhibits an

• edge are compatible with a transient reduction of Ce ions in the film, as shown by the left panel of Figure 7, and they demonstrate that the resonantly excited plasmonic Ag NPs transfer electrons to the Ce atoms of the CeO2 film through a highly efficient electron-based mechanism [63]. The importance

Electron beam-based direct writing of nanostructures using a palladium β-ketoesterate complex

• Chinmai Sai Jureddy,
• Krzysztof Maćkosz,
• Aleksandra Butrymowicz-Kubiak,
• Iwona B. Szymańska,
• Patrik Hoffmann and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 530–539, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.41

• use of masks, achieving scales down to a few nanometers with various patterns and shapes, offers significant advantages for a wide range of technological applications. These include areas that require plasmonic [1][2][3], phononic [3][4], magnetic [5][6], optoelectronic [7][8][9], and mechanical [10

N₂⁺-implantation-induced tailoring of structural, morphological, optical, and electrical characteristics of sputtered molybdenum thin films

• Usha Rani,
• Kafi Devi,
• Divya Gupta and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 495–509, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.38

• because of defects that facilitate the growth of smaller nanoparticles or cause aggregation, consequently altering the plasmonic characteristics of the material. Reflectance spectra Figure 8 shows the reflectance spectra as-deposited and implanted Mo thin films as functions of the thickness. The dip

• function of the film thickness. Ion implantation induces many alterations in the reflectance spectra. The shift of the peak to shorter wavelengths (about 225 nm) shows a change in the electrical structure of the Mo thin film, probably due to defect formation. These defects can modify the plasmonic behavior

Performance optimization of a microwave-coupled plasma-based ultralow-energy ECR ion source for silicon nanostructuring

• Joy Mukherjee,
• Safiul Alam Mollick,
• Tanmoy Basu and
• Tapobrata Som

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 484–494, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.37

• nanopatterning and nanoscale functionalization have garnered significant interest, owing to their broad applications in DNA origami [10], tuning of wettability [11] and electrical and magnetic anisotropy [12][13], isolated dot formation [1], nanoscale plasmonic arrays [14], and field emission [15]. Thus, ion

Engineered PEG–PCL nanoparticles enable sensitive and selective detection of sodium dodecyl sulfate: a qualitative and quantitative analysis

• Soni Prajapati and
• Ranjana Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 385–396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.29

• . However, extreme values such as 0 and 1000 μL showed no significant difference in plasmonic absorbance. This suggests that without PEG–PCL nanoparticles (i.e. 0 μL), only Bradford reagents cannot produce substantial optical absorbance. Similarly, in PEG–PCL NPs, no absorption band was observed in the

• –PCL nanoparticles showed a redshift of 30 nm in plasmonic absorbance, indicating the specific interaction between the nanoparticles and SDS in the presence of the Bradford reagent (Figure 5a). This suggests that only SDS is actively involved in nanoparticle interaction with a measurable optical change

• SDS using PEG–PCL NPs [35][36]. SDS is an anionic surfactant with a negative charge, while the Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 dye in the Bradford reagent carries a positive charge. In addition, PEG–PCL NPs adsorbed the Bradford reagent and produced a plasmonic peak. The absorbance peak in PEG–PCL NPs

Emerging strategies in the sustainable removal of antibiotics using semiconductor-based photocatalysts

• Yunus Ahmed,
• Keya Rani Dutta,
• Parul Akhtar,
• Md. Arif Hossen,
• Md. Jahangir Alam,
• Obaid A. Alharbi,
• Hamad AlMohamadi and
• Abdul Wahab Mohammad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 264–285, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.21

• enable localized surface plasmonic resonance (LSPR). The second strategy focuses on the development of heterojunctions between two semiconductors that is activated by visible light [65][66]. These heterojunctions should have bandgaps and energy levels that match the valence and conduction bands

Recent advances in photothermal nanomaterials for ophthalmic applications

• Jiayuan Zhuang,
• Linhui Jia,
• Chenghao Li,
• Rui Yang,
• Jiapeng Wang,
• Wen-an Wang,
• Heng Zhou and
• Xiangxia Luo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 195–215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.16

• selectively limits the photothermal conversion processes to the target tissue area, resulting in highly efficient, precise, and safe treatments [38][39]. 2.1 Plasmonic metal nanoparticles The vibrant colors of metals are indicative of their tendency to absorb light at single wavelengths, rather than across

Facile synthesis of size-tunable L-carnosine-capped silver nanoparticles and their role in metal ion sensing and catalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar,
• Ridhima Chadha,
• Abhishek Das,
• Nandita Maiti and
• Rayavarapu Raja Gopal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1576–1592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.124

• ʟ-carnosine in synthesizing tunable plasmonic silver nanoparticles (ʟ-car-AgNPs). The formation of ʟ-car-AgNPs was confirmed via UV–vis optical absorption spectroscopy, showing single and double plasmonic peaks, depending on the synthesis conditions. Physicochemical characterization using TEM, FTIR

• nanotechnology have ushered in the development of nanoparticle-based systems that offer promising alternatives because of their simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and potential for real-time applications. Plasmonic nanoparticles, such as silver, have been widely explored for their unique plasmonic and catalytic

• purification. Before the experiment, glassware was cleaned with aqua regia and rinsed twice with double distilled (DD) water. Methods Tunable plasmonic silver nanoparticle synthesis using ʟ-carnosine Silver nanoparticles with tunable plasmon wavelength were synthesized using a wet-chemical reduction approach

Nanoarchitectonics with cetrimonium bromide on metal nanoparticles for linker-free detection of toxic metal ions and catalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1312–1332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.106

• length) and AuNR2 (longer length) were centrifuged at 16,000g and 12,000g for 20 min, respectively, to remove excess of surfactant and any impurities. Characterization of CTAB-capped isotropic and anisotropic metal nanoparticles The plasmonic properties of the synthesized isotropic and anisotropic metal

• AgNS0.5. In a study by Yadav et al., NaOH (0.1 N) induced a hyperchromic effect in silver nanoparticles, which was not observed in our case [45]. In our study, no plasmonic shift was observed, but a slight decrease in intensity at lower concentrations of silver nanoparticles might be due to the strong

• oxidation [46]. Interestingly, the centrifuged/as-prepared CTAB-AuNS0.5 (set 3) and AuNS1.0 (set 4) showed no plasmonic change upon the addition of different volumes of NaOH (Figure 4a,b). Also, no significant difference in the color of AuNS was observed (Figure 4a,b). This might be because the amount of

Enhanced catalytic reduction through in situ synthesized gold nanoparticles embedded in glucosamine/alginate nanocomposites

• Chi-Hien Dang,
• Le-Kim-Thuy Nguyen,
• Minh-Trong Tran,
• Van-Dung Le,
• Nguyen Minh Ty,
• T. Ngoc Han Pham,
• Hieu Vu-Quang,
• Tran Thi Kim Chi,
• Tran Thi Huong Giang,
• Nguyen Thi Thanh Tu and
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1227–1237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.99

• of dyes, such as 4-nitrophenol (4-NiP) to harmless 4-aminophenol, a precursor for the synthesis of drugs like paracetamol and phenacetin, shows promise for producing dyes, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals [27]. Plasmonic MNPs enhance catalytic performance by absorbing both dye molecules and BH4− ions

Direct electron beam writing of silver using a β-diketonate precursor: first insights

• Katja Höflich,
• Krzysztof Maćkosz,
• Chinmai S. Jureddy,
• Aleksei Tsarapkin and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1117–1124, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.90

• challenges in device design and fabrication. Accordingly, various methods to improve purity during [15][16][17][18] or after deposition [18][19][20][21][22] were developed. For plasmonic applications, a metallic surface layer with a thickness exceeding the skin depth is sufficient to obtain the desired

Unveiling the potential of alginate-based nanomaterials in sensing technology and smart delivery applications

• Shakhzodjon Uzokboev,
• Khojimukhammad Akhmadbekov,
• Ra’no Nuritdinova,
• Salah M. Tawfik and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1077–1104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.88

• a plasmonic nanoparticle lattice regulates wrinkling by plasmonic heating [119]. Another study compared the humidity sensing capabilities of ZnO nanoparticles and nanotetrapods and found that the nanotetrapods were five times more sensitive to humidity than the nanoparticles [120]. The humidity

Effect of wavelength and liquid on formation of Ag, Au, Ag/Au nanoparticles via picosecond laser ablation and SERS-based detection of DMMP

• Sree Satya Bharati Moram,
• Chandu Byram and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1054–1069, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.86

• et al. [20] achieved size-controllable Au NPs in stable solutions via femtosecond laser fragmentation, tuning sizes by adjusting fluence. This technique is employed to create various categories of alloy NPs [21]. Alloying by LASiS can mitigate undesired features associated with plasmonic materials

• , such as high cost, chemical instability, and sustainability issues [22][23]. Menéndez-Manjón et al. [24] reported the synthesis of Ag/Au alloy NPs via picosecond LASiS of solid targets in monomer MMA. Amendola et al. [25] demonstrated the fabrication of magneto-plasmonic alloy NPs, such as Fe–Au, by

• (i) the plasmonic performance of Ag, (ii) a large number of NPs loaded onto the filter paper (resulting in a high yield of NPs at 1064 nm), (iii) the presence of ions from NaCl which can lead to ion-enhanced SERS effects [37][46][61]. The investigations further focused on assessing the stability of a

Water-assisted purification during electron beam-induced deposition of platinum and gold

• Cristiano Glessi,
• Fabian A. Polman and
• Cornelis W. Hagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 884–896, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.73

• structures in applications such as nanoprobes and sensors [4][5][6], or for the fabrication of superconductors [7][8][9][10] and plasmonic devices [11][12][13]. A lower carbon content can be achieved by means of precursor design [14], variation of deposition conditions [15], or post-deposition purification

Level set simulation of focused ion beam sputtering of a multilayer substrate

• Alexander V. Rumyantsev,
• Nikolai I. Borgardt,
• Roman L. Volkov and
• Yuri A. Chaplygin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 733–742, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.61

• devices including Fresnel zone plates [4], X-ray lenses [5], optical tweezers [6], and plasmonic antennas [7]. The application of the FIB method is not limited to patterning single-component targets. This technique can also be employed for the modification of multilayer substrates. Depending on the task

Gold nanomakura: nanoarchitectonics and their photothermal response in association with carrageenan hydrogels

• Nabojit Das,
• Vikas,
• Akash Kumar,
• Sanjeev Soni and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 678–693, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.56

• analysis at 670, 650, and 630 nm in CTAB-AuNM, MTAB-AuNM, and DTAB-AuNM, respectively. Furthermore, the impact of morphology and surrounding milieu of the synthesized nanomakuras on photothermal conversion is investigated owing to their retention of plasmonic stability. Interestingly, we found that

• temperature [2]. The mean free path of an electron is influenced by shape/size of the metal nanoparticles which ultimately governs their physical, chemical, optical, magnetic, catalytic, and electronic properties [3]. All plasmonic metals exhibit optical phenomena over a range of electromagnetic radiation

• biomedical soft materials [21]. Similarly, a very recent introduction of kappa-carrageenan (k-CG) into the field of nanotechnology has shown immense potential in the synthesis of plasmonic metal nanoparticles [22]. K-carrageenan is well known and is being used in several biomedical applications due to its

Laser synthesis of nanoparticles in organic solvents – products, reactions, and perspectives

• Theo Fromme,
• Sven Reichenberger,
• Katharine M. Tibbetts and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 638–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.54

Potential of a deep eutectic solvent in silver nanoparticle fabrication for antibiotic residue detection

• Le Hong Tho,
• Bui Xuan Khuyen,
• Ngoc Xuan Dat Mai and
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 426–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.38

• ], and other analytical measurements regarding food, medical, and environmental issues [12][13][14]. Undeniably, SERS is the future for sensor design. So far, most achievements regarding SERS rely on the development of plasmonic materials. Noble metals (e.g., Au, Ag, and Cu) are the most important group

• of plasmonic materials, which extensively respond to electromagnetic waves with proper wavelengths in terms of free electrons resonating to the incident waves [9][15]. This is the fundamental principle of surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Moreover, plasmons are easily controlled at the nanoscale

• thermal stability, high polarity, low vapor pressure, and low toxicity, which makes DESs promising candidates for the replacement of thousands of industrial solvents [24][25]. DESs are so versatile that they have been used for nanomaterials synthesis [26][27]. Regarding plasmonic materials, gold

Classification and application of metal-based nanoantioxidants in medicine and healthcare

• Nguyen Nhat Nam,
• Nguyen Khoi Song Tran,
• Tan Tai Nguyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Trai,
• Nguyen Phuong Thuy,
• Hoang Dang Khoa Do,
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran and
• Kieu The Loan Trinh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 396–415, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.36

• , Kharlamov et al. investigated 180 patients diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD). Their findings unveiled a notable regression of coronary atherosclerosis associated with plasmonic photothermal therapy using silica–gold NPs (SiO2-AuNPs) [177]. Metal-based NPs exhibit the ability to scavenge free

A combined gas-phase dissociative ionization, dissociative electron attachment and deposition study on the potential FEBID precursor [Au(CH₃)₂Cl]₂

• Elif Bilgilisoy,
• Ali Kamali,
• Thomas Xaver Gentner,
• Gerd Ballmann,
• Sjoerd Harder,
• Hans-Peter Steinrück,
• Hubertus Marbach and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1178–1199, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.98

• fabrication of functional gold nanostructures for application in plasmonic and detector technology, we conducted a comprehensive study on [Au(CH3)2Cl]2 as a potential precursor for such depositions. Fundamental electron-induced dissociation processes were studied under single collision conditions, and the

• nanotechnology. These include, but are not limited to electronic interconnects [5], metamaterials [6], growth substrates for nanowires and nanotubes [7], and complex plasmonic structures [8][9]. For the latter application, mastery over the shape as well as accurate control of the distribution of the

A visible-light photodetector based on heterojunctions between CuO nanoparticles and ZnO nanorods

• Doan Nhat Giang,
• Nhat Minh Nguyen,
• Duc Anh Ngo,
• Thanh Trang Tran,
• Le Thai Duy,
• Cong Khanh Tran,
• Thi Thanh Van Tran,
• Phan Phuong Ha La and
• Vinh Quang Dang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1018–1027, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.84

• properties of ZnO nanostructures, such as bandgap or conductivity [26]. Decorating ZnO with metals such as Ag, Au, Pd, Pt, and Al [27][28] can provide surface plasmonic effects that assist the electron transfer process in materials and extend the light absorption range of a photodetector [29][30]. However

Nanoarchitectonics of photothermal materials to enhance the sensitivity of lateral flow assays

• Elangovan Sarathkumar,
• Rajasekharan S. Anjana and
• Ramapurath S. Jayasree

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 988–1003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.82

• additional peroxidase substrates in LFAs increased the detection limit from the nanogram to the picogram level [16][17]. Various tracer elements have been developed to increase the sensitivity of an assay, including noble metal nanomaterials, metal oxides, plasmonic nanostructures, carbon-based materials

• change [20][21]. Generally, photothermal nanomaterials are being used in cancer therapy, removal of bacterial biofilms, and sensing applications [22][23][24]. Photothermal nanomaterials produce heat in response to the irradiation of photons at a particular wavelength [23]. Similarly, when plasmonic

• properties, that is, plasmonic materials (e.g., Au, Ag, and Pt), semiconductor materials (e.g., transition metal oxides, transition metal chalcogenides, and transition metal dichalcogenides), carbon-based nanomaterials (such as graphene oxide and carbon nanotubes), and polymer nanomaterials [33][34] (Figure

Silver-based SERS substrates fabricated using a 3D printed microfluidic device

• Phommachith Sonexai,
• Minh Van Nguyen,
• Bui The Huy and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 793–803, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.65

• particles. The electric field is enhanced, and the Raman enhancement factor (EF) can reach 106 [6]. The induced amplification of the local field by plasmonic coupling occurs in nanometer-scale regions around the metal particles, the so-called electromagnetic “hot spots”. The chemical mechanism suggests the

Silver nanoparticles loaded on lactose/alginate: in situ synthesis, catalytic degradation, and pH-dependent antibacterial activity

• Nguyen Thi Thanh Tu,
• T. Lan-Anh Vo,
• T. Thu-Trang Ho,
• Kim-Phuong T. Dang,
• Van-Dung Le,
• Phan Nhat Minh,
• Chi-Hien Dang,
• Vinh-Thien Tran,
• Van-Su Dang,
• Tran Thi Kim Chi,
• Hieu Vu-Quang,
• Radek Fajgar,
• Thi-Lan-Huong Nguyen,
• Van-Dat Doan and
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 781–792, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.64

• methods for their treatment [44][45]. In recent years, catalytic degradation using oxidizing and reducing agents such as H2O2 and NaBH4 has been frequently reported [46][47][48]. Plasmonic nanoscale metal particles have demonstrated enhanced catalytic performance in conjunction with NaBH4. The surface of

Investigations on the optical forces from three mainstream optical resonances in all-dielectric nanostructure arrays

• Guangdong Wang and
• Zhanghua Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 674–682, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.53

• move to a region of high field strength to reduce its energy [3]. Unfortunately, due to the diffraction limit, light cannot be focused onto the subwavelength volume; so it is very difficult for optical tweezers to capture nanoscale objects. Recently, plasmonic nanotweezers have proved their capability

• to effectively capture subwavelength nanoparticles by overcoming the diffraction limit [4], which has aroused broad research interest. However, due to the high loss of metals, the Joule heating effect caused by the absorption of light leads to increasing temperatures of plasmonic nanotweezers, and

• continuum (BIC)) which are current in focus nanophotonics research topics, all-dielectric nanostructures have proved themselves to be a good platform for light–matter interactions and an advantageous alternative to their plasmonic counterparts. A TD resonance is produced by the flow of electric currents on