Quantification of lead through rod-shaped silver-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles using an electrochemical approach

• Ravinder Lamba,
• Gaurav Bhanjana,
• Neeraj Dilbaghi,
• Vivek Gupta and
• Sandeep Kumar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 422–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.33

• they were fabricated using a low-temperature co-precipitation method. The resulting Ag@ZnO NRs had good optical properties, nanorod morphologies, and high crystallinity with no impurities. Technological advancements are leading people to use lightweight electronics and affordable sensors

• experiments. Conclusion In conclusion, a low-temperature co-precipitation technique was utilized to yield highly crystalline nanorods of ZnO doped with Ag. A variety of techniques were employed to analyze the physical and chemical characteristics of as-synthesized Ag@ZnO NRs. The results demonstrate that the

Engineered PEG–PCL nanoparticles enable sensitive and selective detection of sodium dodecyl sulfate: a qualitative and quantitative analysis

• Soni Prajapati and
• Ranjana Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 385–396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.29

• precipitation step is essential for purifying the nanoparticles and achieving a stable, solid-state product that can be easily collected and dried. Finally, the synthesized PEG–PCL NPs are characterized to assess their size and uniformity. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques measure the average particle

Fabrication and evaluation of BerNPs regarding the growth and development of Streptococcus mutans

• Tuyen Huu Nguyen,
• Hong Thanh Pham,
• Kieu Kim Thanh Nguyen,
• Loan Hong Ngo,
• Anh Ngoc Tuan Mai,
• Thu Hoang Anh Lam,
• Ngan Thi Kim Phan,
• Dung Tien Pham,
• Duong Thuy Hoang,
• Thuc Dong Nguyen and
• Lien Thi Xuan Truong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 308–315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.23

• inhibitory activity against pathogenic bacteria have been reported. In 2022, Nguyen et al. fabricated berberine nanoparticles (BerNPs) by antisolvent precipitation (ASP) using glycerol as a safe organic solvent and evaluated their antibacterial activity on S. aureus and E. coli O157:H7 [12]. Additionally

• demonstrated superior efficiency in producing nanoscale berberine. Tran et al. employed the ball milling technique to produce BerNPs, achieving a particle size of 570.7 nm [23]. Piri et al. utilized the anti-solvent precipitation method, yielding BerNPs with an average particle size of 75 nm [24]. BerNPs were

• . mutans was reported with a MIC of 1024 µg/mL and a MBC of 2054 µg/mL [29]. Antibacterial activities of berberine and BerNPs have been documented by various researchers. Nguyen et al. indicated that BerNPs prepared via the antisolvent precipitation method achieved MBC values of 2 and 5 mg/mL against

Emerging strategies in the sustainable removal of antibiotics using semiconductor-based photocatalysts

• Yunus Ahmed,
• Keya Rani Dutta,
• Parul Akhtar,
• Md. Arif Hossen,
• Md. Jahangir Alam,
• Obaid A. Alharbi,
• Hamad AlMohamadi and
• Abdul Wahab Mohammad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 264–285, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.21

• advanced methods, including sol–gel, hydrothermal, solvothermal, precipitation and template-assisted techniques [53]. The synthesis method chosen often depends on factors such as the desired crystal structure, particle size, surface area, and photocatalytic activity required for the specific application

Preferential enrichment and extraction of laser-synthesized nanoparticles in organic phases

• Theo Fromme,
• Maximilian L. Spiekermann,
• Florian Lehmann,
• Stephan Barcikowski,
• Thomas Seidensticker and
• Sven Reichenberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 254–263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.20

• higher cooling rates (e.g., in an ice bath) would result in precipitation of the nanoparticle material in the interlayer of the two phases. After cooling to the biphasic state, the extinction of the gained colloidal phases was investigated by UV–vis measurements (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1

• chosen to avoid precipitation of the nanoparticles at the phase boundaries. Heating cycles were performed in a 50 mL vessel, which was heated up to 85 °C with a temperature ramp of 5 °C/min and temperature was held for 15 min. For the cooling of the colloid to room temperature, the heating was turned off

Heterogeneous reactions in a HFCVD reactor: simulation using a 2D model

• Xochitl Aleyda Morán Martínez,
• José Alberto Luna López,
• Zaira Jocelyn Hernández Simón,
• Gabriel Omar Mendoza Conde,
• José Álvaro David Hernández de Luz and
• Godofredo García Salgado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1627–1638, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.128

• 700 K, the supersaturation is high and the nucleation is homogeneous in the process, leading to the precipitation of solid particles on the substrate and powder formation [23]. SiOx powders are obtained in the HFCVD reactor when the distance between the filaments and the source is less than 6 mm

Facile synthesis of size-tunable L-carnosine-capped silver nanoparticles and their role in metal ion sensing and catalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar,
• Ridhima Chadha,
• Abhishek Das,
• Nandita Maiti and
• Rayavarapu Raja Gopal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1576–1592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.124

• ), 1 mL AgNO3 (0.01 M), and 2 mL NaBH4 (0.001 M). The term “ʟ-car-AgNPs” is used throughout the article to refer to the synthesized silver nanoparticles collectively. Furthermore, nanopowders of the samples were prepared using 1 M NaCl solution via the precipitation method, and the obtained precipitate

• , respectively. The insets of Figure 4d and Figure 4e indicate 2.13 and 3.2 wt % of silver in ʟ-car-AgNP1 and ʟ-car-AgNP2, respectively. However, apart from silver, high fractions of sodium and chlorine were observed. This is probably due to the preparation of the nanopowders using the precipitation method with

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles derived from algae and their larvicidal properties to control Aedes aegypti

• Matheus Alves Siqueira de Assunção,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Daiane Rodrigues dos Santos,
• Gabriel Bezerra Faierstein,
• Mara Elga Medeiros Braga,
• Severino Alves Junior,
• Rosângela Maria Rodrigues Barbosa,
• Herminio José Cipriano de Sousa and
• Fábio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1566–1575, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.123

• processes that involve reducing the size of bulk silver materials to the atomic size of the AgNPs [25]. Bottom-up AgNPs are synthesized via precursor salt reactions that lead to the formation of AgNPs [26] including condensation, precipitation, and pyrolysis [27]. AgNPs can be synthesized using physical

Interaction of graphene oxide with tannic acid: computational modeling and toxicity mitigation in C. elegans

• Romana Petry,
• James M. de Almeida,
• Francine Côa,
• Felipe Crasto de Lima,
• Diego Stéfani T. Martinez and
• Adalberto Fazzio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1297–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.105

• directly affects delivered dose, internalization, and biodistribution in organisms. In the EPA medium, GO exhibited aggregation and precipitation at concentrations of 5.0 and 10 mg·L−1, respectively, a phenomenon attributable to the screening effect of salt ions diminishing the repulsive forces between GO

• sheets. TA did not improve the stability of these samples. After the 24 h, only the suspensions of 1 mg·L−1 of GO did not exhibit visual precipitation (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1a). The results of dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements presented in Table S1 (Supporting Information File

•  1) confirm the aggregation and the subsequent precipitation of GO in the EPA medium; it is noticeable that hydrodynamic diameters rapidly increase in this medium. Although higher TA concentrations slow down aggregation and lead to smaller hydrodynamic diameters after 3 h, after 24 h the samples were

Mn-doped ZnO nanopowders prepared by sol–gel and microwave-assisted sol–gel methods and their photocatalytic properties

• Cristina Maria Vlăduț,
• Crina Anastasescu,
• Silviu Preda,
• Oana Catalina Mocioiu,
• Simona Petrescu,
• Jeanina Pandele-Cusu,
• Dana Culita,
• Veronica Bratan,
• Ioan Balint and
• Maria Zaharescu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1283–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.104

• of amorphous oxide nanopowders, the precipitation of nanocrystalline metal oxides, and the drying and thermal treatment of oxide films [23]. However, there has been comparatively less focus on studying chemical reactions in sol–gel solutions under microwave irradiation [24][25][26][27]. Numerous

A low-kiloelectronvolt focused ion beam strategy for processing low-thermal-conductance materials with nanoampere currents

• Annalena Wolff,
• Nico Klingner,
• William Thompson,
• Yinghong Zhou,
• Jinying Lin and
• Yin Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1197–1207, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.97

• was purified by NaCl precipitation at acidic and then neutral pH. Collagen sponges were prepared using purified type-I collagen, glutaraldehyde fixation, and freeze drying, also as previously described [17]. Stopping and range of ions in matter (SRIM) simulations of 5 keV gallium ions in skin The

Unveiling the potential of alginate-based nanomaterials in sensing technology and smart delivery applications

• Shakhzodjon Uzokboev,
• Khojimukhammad Akhmadbekov,
• Ra’no Nuritdinova,
• Salah M. Tawfik and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1077–1104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.88

• , into the alginate polymer network. This can be achieved through various methods, including reduction reactions, electrochemical deposition, or deposition-precipitation. The resulting hybrid nanomaterials exhibit synergistic properties of both the inorganic nanoparticles and the alginate polymer

Interface properties of nanostructured carbon-coated biological implants: an overview

• Mattia Bartoli,
• Francesca Cardano,
• Erik Piatti,
• Stefania Lettieri,
• Andrea Fin and
• Alberto Tagliaferro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1041–1053, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.85

• is strictly related to the desired carbon nanomaterials. Metal catalysts with high carbon solubility primarily involve carbon segregation and precipitation throughout the metal bulk [84], while metal catalysts with low carbon solubility act from the metal surface inward [63]. PVD routes are numerous

Functional fibrillar interfaces: Biological hair as inspiration across scales

• Guillermo J. Amador,
• Brett Klaassen van Oorschot,
• Caiying Liao,
• Jianing Wu and
• Da Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.55

• encounter potential danger in their surroundings. For example, extreme weather, such as precipitation and low temperatures, predators, and disease vectors. Because of their protruding, fibrillar structures serve as one of the first lines of defense against such dangers. They can protect against heat loss by

Fabrication of nanocrystal forms of ᴅ-cycloserine and their application for transdermal and enteric drug delivery systems

• Hsuan-Ang Tsai,
• Tsai-Miao Shih,
• Theodore Tsai,
• Jhe-Wei Hu,
• Yi-An Lai,
• Jui-Fu Hsiao and
• Guochuan Emil Tsai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 465–474, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.42

• antisolvent, and the mixing conditions. During precipitation, different solvents can affect the size, the structure, and the stability of polymorphous particles. To confirm the morphology of DCS nanocrystals, SEM and XRPD analyses were applied for the examination of particle size and structure, respectively

Potential of a deep eutectic solvent in silver nanoparticle fabrication for antibiotic residue detection

• Le Hong Tho,
• Bui Xuan Khuyen,
• Ngoc Xuan Dat Mai and
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 426–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.38

• synthesis because of the Cl− anions in choline chloride, which may unintentionally cause AgCl precipitation. Here, we chose an alternative DES [56] without any anions precipitating with Ag+ cations. ᴅ-glucose, urea, and glycerol (molar ratio 1:1:2) were mixed and magnetically stirred at relatively high

Berberine-loaded polylactic acid nanofiber scaffold as a drug delivery system: The relationship between chemical characteristics, drug-release behavior, and antibacterial efficiency

• Le Thi Le,
• Hue Thi Nguyen,
• Liem Thanh Nguyen,
• Huy Quang Tran and
• Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 71–82, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.7

• prepared by antisolvent precipitation could reach up to 5.0 mg/mL, which notably increased the antibacterial activity of BBR [7]. Electrospinning is a convenient technique that allows one to fabricate nanofiber scaffolds with various compositions and structures. During the electrospinning process, a

• Berberine nanoparticles were formed through the antisolvent precipitation process described in our previous report [7]. A 7.0 wt % PLA solution was prepared by dissolving the PLA pellets in a solvent mixture of DCM/DMF with a weight ratio of 80/20 under magnetic stirring for 1 h at 50 °C. After that, the

Nanotechnological approaches in the treatment of schistosomiasis: an overview

• Lucas Carvalho,
• Michelle Sarcinelli and
• Beatriz Patrício

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 13–25, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.2

• homogenization); (2) low-energy methods, which requires the precipitation of nanoparticles from homogeneous systems (such as microemulsions); and (3) methods based on organic solvents (emulsification–diffusion method) [35]. Liposomes are vesicles composed of a phospholipid and cholesterol with an aqueous core

Fluorescent bioinspired albumin/polydopamine nanoparticles and their interactions with Escherichia coli cells

• Eloïse Equy,
• Jordana Hirtzel,
• Sophie Hellé,
• Béatrice Heurtault,
• Eric Mathieu,
• Morgane Rabineau,
• Vincent Ball and
• Lydie Ploux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1208–1224, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.100

• deteriorated above pH 11 with, first, a decrease in size before the NP morphology changed into nanosheets [28]. However, in the case of BSA/PDA NPs, the NPs size increased when the pH value was above 6.5. In addition, precipitation, sedimentation, or degradation of the dispersion were not observed, showing

Curcumin-loaded albumin submicron particles with potential as a cancer therapy: an in vitro study

• Nittiya Suwannasom,
• Netsai Sriaksorn,
• Chutamas Thepmalee,
• Krissana Khoothiam,
• Ausanai Prapan,
• Hans Bäumler and
• Chonthida Thephinlap

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1127–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.93

• poorly water-soluble CUR. An effective submicron particle fabrication technique, namely co-precipitation–cross-linking–dissolution (CCD), has been established to produce biopolymer particles [24][25][26]. In this method, biopolymer particles are produced via co-precipitation, by simply mixing MnCl2 and

• particles are easily synthesized via cost-effective co-precipitation methods. These techniques are simple, low-cost, and easily scalable, enabling precise control over particle characteristics, including size and morphology, and use inexpensive materials without generating toxic waste. Having established an

• (CUR-HSA-MPs) is shown in Figure 1. At first, MnCO3-HSA-MPs were obtained by co-precipitation for the entrapment of HSA. The entrapment efficiency (%EE) of HSA was between 55% and 62% (i.e., the absolute amounts of entrapped HSA in HSA-MPs were up to 31.3 ± 1.8 mg). CUR was then adsorbed onto the MnCO3

Sulfur nanocomposites with insecticidal effect for the control of Bactericera cockerelli

• Lany S. Araujo-Yépez,
• Juan O. Tigrero-Salas,
• Vicente A. Delgado-Rodríguez,
• Vladimir A. Aguirre-Yela and
• Josué N. Villota-Méndez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1106–1115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.91

• as size, distribution, and the nature of the particles [37]. Furthermore, the observed diameters align with other research in which sizes in the range of 10–80 nm were obtained using the same method for SNP synthesis, that is, chemical precipitation from sodium thiosulfate as a sulfur source [31][32

Experimental investigation of usage of POE lubricants with Al₂O₃, graphene or CNT nanoparticles in a refrigeration compressor

• Kayhan Dağıdır and
• Kemal Bilen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1041–1058, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.86

• to add nanoparticles to the lubricant. Elimination of precipitation and agglomeration problems of nanoparticles is crucial for nanolubricant applications. On this critical issue in the nanolubricant preparation process, the authors benefited from their previous study [21], which included the basic

Upscaling the urea method synthesis of CoAl layered double hydroxides

• Camilo Jaramillo-Hernández,
• Víctor Oestreicher,
• Martín Mizrahi and
• Gonzalo Abellán

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 927–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.76

• alkalinization rates and, concomitantly, the precipitation, even under recrystallization at high temperatures. In contrast, for the tenfold mass scale-up, similar morphological features were observed and assigned to changes in nucleation and growth. However, at higher concentrations, simonkolleite-like Co-based

• layered hydroxide impurities are formed, indicating a phase competition during the precipitation related to the thermodynamic stability of the growing phases. Overall, this work demonstrates that it is possible to upscale the synthesis of high-quality hexagonal CoAl-LDH in a reproducible manner. It

• storage and conversion [19][20][21], quantum materials [22][23], and others [24]. This wide range of potential applications makes the development of reliable scaling processes crucial. Usually, LDHs are obtained by different synthesis procedures such as co-precipitation [25], hydrothermal synthesis [13

Nanostructured lipid carriers containing benznidazole: physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and cellular in vitro studies

• Giuliana Muraca,
• María Esperanza Ruiz,
• Rocío C. Gambaro,
• Sebastián Scioli-Montoto,
• María Laura Sbaraglini,
• Gisel Padula,
• José Sebastián Cisneros,
• Cecilia Yamil Chain,
• Vera A. Álvarez,
• Cristián Huck-Iriart,
• Guillermo R. Castro,
• María Belén Piñero,
• Matias Ildebrando Marchetto,
• Catalina Alba Soto,
• Germán A. Islan and
• Alan Talevi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 804–818, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.66

• high-negative ζ values may impede cellular uptake [40]. On the other hand, it was observed that the nanoparticulated systems remained stable after six months with no precipitation. This suggests that in this case the stabilization is not achieved by means of surface charge alone, but also by the steric

Mixed oxides with corundum-type structure obtained from recycling can seals as paint pigments: color stability

• Dienifer F. L. Horsth,
• Julia de O. Primo,
• Nayara Balaba,
• Fauze J. Anaissi and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 467–477, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.37

• solution containing the Al3+ ions had an acid pH value of 0.45 [1]. Obtaining boehmite (γ-AlO(OH)) The pH value was modified to obtain the boehmite phase by adding sodium hydroxide (NaOH) until pH 8. After precipitation, the oxide hydroxide was vacuum filtered and oven-dried at 70 °C [1][13]. Boehmite