Effect of additives on the synthesis efficiency of nanoparticles by laser-induced reduction

• Rikuto Kuroda,
• Takahiro Nakamura,
• Hideki Ina and
• Shuhei Shibata

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 464–472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.35

• alloy nanoparticles by LRL with the addition of IPA as a radical scavenger to a solution containing multiple metal ions, and the structure of the synthesized nanoparticles was evaluated by scanning transmission electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (STEM-EDS). In this case, we selected an

Development of a mucoadhesive drug delivery system and its interaction with gastric cells

• Ahmet Baki Sahin,
• Serdar Karakurt and
• Deniz Sezlev Bilecen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 371–384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.28

• nanoparticles Morphology of nanoparticles The morphological characterization of nanoparticles was done via scanning electron microscopy (SEM, Zeiss, GeminiSEM500) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM, Ziess, GeminiSEM500). For SEM analysis, nanoparticles were air-dried on SEM stabs and coated

Level set simulation of focused ion beam sputtering of a multilayer substrate

• Alexander V. Rumyantsev,
• Nikolai I. Borgardt,
• Roman L. Volkov and
• Yuri A. Chaplygin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 733–742, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.61

• , and their cross sections were visualized in scanning transmission electron microscopy images. The superimposition of the calculated structure profiles onto the images showed a satisfactory agreement between simulation and experimental results. In the case of boxes that were prepared with an asymmetric

• sputtering of a multilayer substrate under FIB irradiation. The results of the calculations for narrow trenches and rectangular boxes with varying aspect ratios were compared with cross-sectional scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images of experimental test structures fabricated in the silicon

• profiles were superimposed onto the cross-sectional scanning transmission electron microscopy images of trenches and boxes. It was demonstrated that the simulation enabled a prediction of the shape of narrow trenches with reasonable accuracy. The calculated profiles for the rectangular boxes slightly

A combined gas-phase dissociative ionization, dissociative electron attachment and deposition study on the potential FEBID precursor [Au(CH₃)₂Cl]₂

• Elif Bilgilisoy,
• Ali Kamali,
• Thomas Xaver Gentner,
• Gerd Ballmann,
• Sjoerd Harder,
• Hans-Peter Steinrück,
• Hubertus Marbach and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1178–1199, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.98

• , high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) was performed to analyze the morphology of the deposited nanoparticles. For this purpose, several FEBID structures were prepared on the SiO2 substrate with the size of 4 × 4 µm2 and an electron dose of 7.80 C/cm2. For

Density functional theory study of Au-fcc/Ge and Au-hcp/Ge interfaces

• Olga Sikora,
• Małgorzata Sternik,
• Benedykt R. Jany,
• Franciszek Krok,
• Przemysław Piekarz and
• Andrzej M. Oleś

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1093–1105, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.90

• crystalline phases on a specific substrate [2][3]. The structure of a heterophase can be studied using advanced atomic-resolution experiments, such as high-resolution electron microscopy [4], high-resolution secondary-electron microscopy [5], scanning transmission electron microscopy [6][7] or scanning

A novel approach to pulsed laser deposition of platinum catalyst on carbon particles for use in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

• Bogusław Budner,
• Wojciech Tokarz,
• Sławomir Dyjak,
• Andrzej Czerwiński,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz and
• Bartłomiej Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 190–204, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.19

• at the Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Poland, on the TALOS F200X (Thermo Fisher Scientific, United States) equipped with a four-detector windowless Super X-EDS system. The EDX measurements were performed in STEM (scanning transmission electron microscopy) mode with a

A new method for obtaining the magnetic shape anisotropy directly from electron tomography images

• Cristian Radu,
• Ioana D. Vlaicu and
• Andrei C. Kuncser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 590–598, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.51

• and washing with water, and it was air-dried at 70 °C overnight in an oven. The experimental tomographic series was acquired with a JEOL 2100 transmission electron microscope (TEM). The instrument was operated at a voltage of 200 kV and the images have been obtained in scanning transmission electron

• microscopy (STEM) operation mode, using the high-angle annular dark-field (HAADF) detectors and an appropriate camera length. The TEM specimen was prepared by a standard powder method, using a 300 Mesh, lacey Carbon, Cu grid. X-ray diffraction (XRD) has been performed on MNPs using a Bruker D8 Advance

Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review

• Anastasiya Sergievskaya,
• Adrien Chauvin and
• Stephanos Konstantinidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2

• be taken regarding the elemental composition of the deposited materials as it might depend on the position where the elemental analysis is made on the substrate, especially if a spatially resolved analysis is carried out by a technique such as scanning (transmission) electron microscopy combined with

Is the Ne operation of the helium ion microscope suitable for electron backscatter diffraction sample preparation?

• Annalena Wolff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 965–983, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.73

• transmission electron microscopy (STEM), TEM, TEM selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and TEM dark-field (DF) measurements. The results for each experiment are compared to those of a non-irradiated area of the Cu TEM grid. Monte Carlo simulations of the occurring ion–solid interactions are evaluated to

• glancing angles are investigated, the former for completeness and to allow comparison to literature and the later since it is the conventionally used geometry for polishing. Changes in the crystal structure, which would lead to altered EBSD results, are assessed by EBSD measurements as well as by scanning

The role of convolutional neural networks in scanning probe microscopy: a review

• Ido Azuri,
• Irit Rosenhek-Goldian,
• Neta Regev-Rudzki,
• Georg Fantner and
• Sidney R. Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 878–901, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.66

• learning was also applied to reduce noise and increase the resolution in scanning electron microscopy images. An approach for creating a training dataset of low- and high-resolution image pairs from a single image, was developed by using deep learning to up-sample scanning transmission electron microscopy

The preparation temperature influences the physicochemical nature and activity of nanoceria

• Robert A. Yokel,
• Wendel Wohlleben,
• Johannes Georg Keller,
• Matthew L. Hancock,
• Jason M. Unrine,
• D. Allan Butterfield and
• Eric A. Grulke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 525–540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.43

• characterizations. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) were conducted of NM-212 dispersed in DI water, sonicated for 10 min in a bath, and captured on 300 mesh lacey carbon copper grids dipped into the dispersion for

• nanoceria and their fate and effects. Transmission electron microscopy and high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy images of NM-212 and its chemical composition determined by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. (A, B) TEM images, (B) is a part of (A) at higher magnification

Boosting of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution via chlorine doping of polymeric carbon nitride

• Malgorzata Aleksandrzak,
• Michalina Kijaczko,
• Wojciech Kukulka,
• Daria Baranowska,
• Martyna Baca,
• Beata Zielinska and
• Ewa Mijowska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 473–484, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.38

• Ar as a carrier). Each catalyst was tested for 3 h. Every hour, 100 µL of gas was withdrawn from the reactor and injected into the gas chromatograph to measure the amount of H2 evolved. TEM images of PCN (a, b) and Cl-PCN (c, d). Scanning transmission electron microscopy image of Cl-PCN (e) and

Characterization, bio-uptake and toxicity of polymer-coated silver nanoparticles and their interaction with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells

• Sahar Pourhoseini,
• Reilly T. Enos,
• Angela E. Murphy,
• Bo Cai and
• Jamie R. Lead

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 282–294, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.23

• hydration shell around NPs and should be the same as, or larger than, the core size of NPs measured by TEM. Characterization values for pristine PVP-AgNPs can be found in Table 1. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images of 1000 µg·L−1 PVP-AgNPs in RPMI medium at the beginning of the

Scanning transmission helium ion microscopy on carbon nanomembranes

• Daniel Emmrich,
• Annalena Wolff,
• Nikolaus Meyerbröker,
• Jörg K. N. Lindner,
• André Beyer and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 222–231, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.18

• -field signal, similar to scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). In this way, it is possible to check qualitatively the milling progress on membranes or even to determine quantitatively the thickness of a sample. Notte et al. used thickness fringes on MgO crystals for thickness determination

The role of gold atom concentration in the formation of Cu–Au nanoparticles from the gas phase

• Yuri Ya. Gafner,
• Svetlana L. Gafner,
• Darya A. Ryzkova and
• Andrey V. Nomoev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 72–81, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.6

• and copper alloy ranging from 45 to 200 nm in size and with pronounced pentagonal structures were synthesized in [5] by the joint reduction of gold and copper salts. Here, elemental mapping of Cu and Au, using scanning transmission electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, confirms the

Effect of different silica coatings on the toxicity of upconversion nanoparticles on RAW 264.7 macrophage cells

• Cynthia Kembuan,
• Helena Oliveira and
• Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 35–48, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.3

• -aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (AHAPS), which provides the nanoparticle surface with a positive charge, increasing their interaction with the cell membrane. The particles were characterized by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), electrophoretic light scattering (ELS), and

• were prepared as described in [51]. However, instead of fluorescein isothiocyanate, rhodamine isothiocyanate was used. The functionalization with AHAPs was carried out by using the same procedure, which was also used for the silica-coated UCNPs. Characterization Scanning transmission electron

• microscopy STEM images were taken using a Hitachi SU 8030 scanning electron microscope with an electron acceleration voltage of 30 kV and a current of 20 µA. A droplet of the nanoparticle dispersion (c = 0.5–1 g/L) in either cyclohexane, for oleate-functionalized UCNP cores, or in ethanol, for silica-coated

Free and partially encapsulated manganese ferrite nanoparticles in multiwall carbon nanotubes

• Saja Al-Khabouri,
• Salim Al-Harthi,
• Toru Maekawa,
• Mohamed E. Elzain,
• Ashraf Al-Hinai,
• Ahmed D. Al-Rawas,
• Abbsher M. Gismelseed,
• Ali A. Yousif and
• Myo Tay Zar Myint

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1891–1904, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.170

• microscopy (HRTEM) on a JEOL JEM-2100F microscope working at 200 kV. Partially encapsulated manganese ferrite nanoparticles were characterized using HRTEM and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS); the elemental mapping was performed on a JEOL JEM-ARM200F. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM

Piezotronic effect in AlGaN/AlN/GaN heterojunction nanowires used as a flexible strain sensor

• Jianqi Dong,
• Liang Chen,
• Yuqing Yang and
• Xingfu Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1847–1853, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.166

• contrast. Detailed structural parameters are shown in the Experimental section. Figure 1b shows a scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) image taken of the AlGaN/AlN/GaN heterojunction (left panel) and a corresponding high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) image of the GaN layer

Direct observation of the Si(110)-(16×2) surface reconstruction by atomic force microscopy

• Tatsuya Yamamoto,
• Ryo Izumi,
• Kazushi Miki,
• Takahiro Yamasaki,
• Yasuhiro Sugawara and
• Yan Jun Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1750–1756, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.157

• ], scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24], scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) [25], and photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) [22][26][27]. The 16×2 reconstruction has a striped structure with upper and lower terraces and with boundaries of monatomic steps. In

Oxidation of Au/Ag films by oxygen plasma: phase separation and generation of nanoporosity

• Abdel-Aziz El Mel,
• Said A. Mansour,
• Mujaheed Pasha,
• Atef Zekri,
• Janarthanan Ponraj,
• Akshath Shetty and
• Yousef Haik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1608–1614, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.143

• metal/silver oxide interface. Based on the scanning transmission electron microscopy analysis coupled with energy dispersive X-ray mapping a mechanism was proposed based on solid-state diffusion and the Kirkendall effect to explain the different steps occurring during the oxidation process. Keywords

• presented previously. The nanoporosity in the microspheres was further confirmed by cross-sectional scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) imaging performed on a sample oxidized for 30 min (Figure 5). STEM-EDS analysis showed that the microspheres were comprised of silver and oxygen, and it

3D superconducting hollow nanowires with tailored diameters grown by focused He⁺ beam direct writing

• Rosa Córdoba,
• Alfonso Ibarra,
• Dominique Mailly,
• Isabel Guillamón,
• Hermann Suderow and
• José María De Teresa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1198–1206, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.104

• from the substrate to the top of the pillar [36][37]. This shows the need for future systematic experiments varying the dwell time in pulsed growth or varying the flux of precursor gas. (High-resolution) scanning transmission electron microscopy Dependence of NW inner diameter on the ion beam current

• To investigate the dependence of the NW inner diameter on the ion beam current, scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) experiments were performed. We found that inner diameter of the hollow NWs changes from 5 to 28 nm, whereas the outer diameter changes from 36 to 143 nm upon increasing the

• ) and a longitudinal (y–z) section, and a colored three-dimensional reconstruction. Microstructure Concerning the microstructure of the NWs, high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (HRSTEM) images have been acquired sequentially and processed to extract the crystallographic structure

Nickel nanoparticles supported on a covalent triazine framework as electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reactions

• Secil Öztürk,
• Yu-Xuan Xiao,
• Dennis Dietrich,
• Beatriz Giesen,
• Juri Barthel,
• Jie Ying,
• Xiao-Yu Yang and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 770–781, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.62

• was washed off three times with acetonitrile and left to dry. Images were recorded on a FEI Tecnai G2 F20 electron microscope operated at 200 kV accelerating voltage equipped with a Gatan UltraScan 1000P detector [68]. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images and EDX elemental mapping

• further investigated by SEM-EDX elemental mapping (Figure 3), which also shows well-dispersed nickel nanoparticles on CTF. Given that nickel was detected by EDX on the whole surface of the CTF and not only on the agglomerate Ni NPs areas, further studies were performed using scanning transmission electron

• microscopy (STEM)-EDX elemental mapping. The element compositions of defined areas (orange square) showing both a single Ni particle and its CTF support in the background are displayed in Figure S11, Supporting Information File 1. A possible reason why Ni NPs outside the NP agglomerates are not visible in

Hexagonal boron nitride: a review of the emerging material platform for single-photon sources and the spin–photon interface

• Stefania Castelletto,
• Faraz A. Inam,
• Shin-ichiro Sato and
• Alberto Boretti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 740–769, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.61

• transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and CL. ZPLs in PL and CL were observed ranging from 540–720 nm. Four distinct defect classes were attributed to the observed emission range. One defect class with ZPL emission centered at 580 nm had PL and CL matching with spectral variability due to strain. This is

• . However, the PL is not sufficient to univocally identify the type of defects, while the correlation with material properties and SPEs should be performed. In [114] h-BN the quantum emission was correlated with the material’s local strain using a combination of PL, nanobeam electron diffraction, scanning

Observation of unexpected uniaxial magnetic anisotropy in La_2/3Sr_1/3MnO₃ films by a BaTiO₃ overlayer in an artificial multiferroic bilayer

• John E. Ordóñez,
• Lorena Marín,
• Luis A. Rodríguez,
• Pedro A. Algarabel,
• José A. Pardo,
• Roger Guzmán,
• Luis Morellón,
• César Magén,
• Etienne Snoeck,
• María E. Gómez and
• Manuel R. Ibarra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 651–661, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.51

• varied the layer thicknesses. We structurally analyzed samples by reciprocal space maps (RSMs) around the pseudocubic (103) reflection in an X-ray diffractometer and high-angle annular dark field in scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM). Local strain maps were reconstructed by the

Synthesis and acetone sensing properties of ZnFe₂O₄/rGO gas sensors

• Kaidi Wu,
• Yifan Luo,
• Ying Li and
• Chao Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2516–2526, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.242

• the 0.5 wt % ZnFe2O4/rGO composite. Furthermore, the composition of the sample was analyzed by high-angle annular dark-field imaging scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) and EDS. The element mappings in Figure 6e reveal the existence of C, Zn, Fe and O in the 0.5 wt % ZnFe2O4/rGO