Effect of radiation-induced vacancy saturation on the first-order phase transformation in nanoparticles: insights from a model

• Aram Shirinyan and
• Yuriy Bilogorodskyy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1453–1472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.117

• ) the absence of vacancies in the secondary phase, which should be released under irradiation, (ii) the consideration of vacancy diffusion coefficients as constants, rather than exponentially dependent on migration energy and temperature, and (iii) the modeling of thermodynamic parameters, such as the

Silver nanoparticles nucleated in NaOH-treated halloysite: a potential antimicrobial material

• Yuri B. Matos,
• Rodrigo S. Romanus,
• Mattheus Torquato,
• Edgar H. de Souza,
• Rodrigo L. Villanova,
• Marlene Soares and
• Emilson R. Viana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 798–807, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.63

• of quartz (ICDD 46-1045), a commonly found secondary phase in HNT samples [30]. This result confirms that the substrate is indeed halloysite clay and the absence of any NaOH phase indicates that the treatment waste was successfully washed away. For Ag/HNT-8, diffraction peaks were found at 2θ = 38.12

Raman study of flash-lamp annealed aqueous Cu₂ZnSnS₄ nanocrystals

• Yevhenii Havryliuk,
• Oleksandr Selyshchev,
• Mykhailo Valakh,
• Alexandra Raevskaya,
• Oleksandr Stroyuk,
• Constance Schmidt,
• Volodymyr Dzhagan and
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 222–227, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.20

• sulfide Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS); CuS; Cu-Sn-S; kesterite; phonon; pulsed light crystallization; Raman spectroscopy; secondary phase; SnS; Introduction Affordable and non-toxic solar energy materials having a high absorption coefficient and a bandgap in the solar illumination range are an ever-growing research

• secondary-phase content [34]. In the present study, neither of the two NC sample types shows Raman peaks of phases other than CZTS. Moreover, the series of overtones, up to the fifth order (ca. 1700 cm−1), in the spectra of both inks (Figure 1) is a further proof of their high crystallinity. It should be

Zn/F-doped tin oxide nanoparticles synthesized by laser pyrolysis: structural and optical properties

• Florian Dumitrache,
• Iuliana P. Morjan,
• Elena Dutu,
• Ion Morjan,
• Claudiu Teodor Fleaca,
• Monica Scarisoreanu,
• Alina Ilie,
• Marius Dumitru,
• Cristian Mihailescu,
• Adriana Smarandache and
• Gabriel Prodan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 9–21, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.2

• sample to 560 °C for the ZTO0.44 sample). These observations lead to the conclusion that the dominant crystalline structure is SnO2, with the secondary phase of SnF2 in the case of small Zn doping levels, and the Zn atoms probably substitute Sn sites in the oxide phase, thus changing the optical and

• analyses. The dominant crystalline structure, as indicated by XRD, is SnO2 with the secondary phase of SnF2 in the case of small Zn and high F doping levels. The mean crystallite size is ≈14–15 nm, but at the highest Zn doping level, a significant crystalline size decrease down to ≈9 nm was observed. The

Correlative electrochemical strain and scanning electron microscopy for local characterization of the solid state electrolyte Li_1.3Al_0.3Ti_1.7(PO₄)₃

• Nino Schön,
• Deniz Cihan Gunduz,
• Shicheng Yu,
• Hermann Tempel,
• Roland Schierholz and
• Florian Hausen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1564–1572, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.148

• at identical regions to identify microstructural components such as an AlPO4 secondary phase. We found significantly lower Li-ion mobility in the secondary phase areas as well as at grain boundaries. Additionally, various aspects of signal formation obtained from ESM for solid state electrolytes are

• . The largest grains are about 20 µm2 in size while the typical grain size is on the order of 1 µm2. As the surface was polished, the observed contrast in color cannot be related to topographical effects, but rather indicates the existence of a secondary phase. This finding becomes evident in EDX

• measurements, depicted in Figure 1b,c, revealing the existence of two separate phases inside the material. The primary phase (denoted as 1 in Figure 1a) appears brighter in the SEM image and consists of Al, Ti, P and O (Li is not detectable by EDX) while the secondary phase (denoted as 2 in Figure 1a) appears

Nanostructured TiO₂-based gas sensors with enhanced sensitivity to reducing gases

• Wojciech Maziarz,
• Anna Kusior and
• Anita Trenczek-Zajac

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1718–1726, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.164

• XRD patterns of nanostructured TiO2 layers are demonstrated in Figure 2. It can be observed that flower-like nanostructures crystallize in the form of anatase, with rutile as a secondary phase. Due to the extremely small tin dioxide nanoparticles, no cassiterite (SnO2) diffraction peaks can be

Sb₂S₃ grown by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis and its application in a hybrid solar cell

• Erki Kärber,
• Atanas Katerski,
• Ilona Oja Acik,
• Arvo Mere,
• Valdek Mikli and
• Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1662–1673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.158

• temperature of 255 °C leads to films that consist of orthorhombic stibnite and a secondary phase that was identified as Sb2O3 [23]. To suppress the formation of oxides, an excess of sulfur source in the precursor solution may be required as indicated by similar studies for indium sulfide [25][26], zinc

Paramagnetism of cobalt-doped ZnO nanoparticles obtained by microwave solvothermal synthesis

• Jacek Wojnarowicz,
• Sylwia Kusnieruk,
• Tadeusz Chudoba,
• Stanislaw Gierlotka,
• Witold Lojkowski,
• Wojciech Knoff,
• Malgorzata I. Lukasiewicz,
• Bartlomiej S. Witkowski,
• Anna Wolska,
• Marcin T. Klepka,
• Tomasz Story and
• Marek Godlewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1957–1969, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.200

• uniform, nanocrystalline Zn1−xCoxO sample with a high Co concentration of up to 15 mol %. The Zn1−xCoxO NPs have a fully pure, single phase, wurtzite, crystalline structure corresponding to zinc oxide. No other secondary phase such as Co(OH)2, CoO, Co3O4 or Co metal was found for x ≤ 0.15, which shows

Addition of Zn during the phosphine-based synthesis of indium phospide quantum dots: doping and surface passivation

• Natalia E. Mordvinova,
• Alexander A. Vinokurov,
• Oleg I. Lebedev,
• Tatiana A. Kuznetsova and
• Sergey G. Dorofeev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1237–1246, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.127

• extra rings associated with secondary phase or amorphous structure has been detected. It should be noticed that in the low-magnification TEM image in Figure 3a, the QDs can be seen as black patches, which consist of a crystal core and a surrounding organic layer. This amorphous shell consists of

In situ observation of biotite (001) surface dissolution at pH 1 and 9.5 by advanced optical microscopy

• Chiara Cappelli,
• Daniel Lamarca-Irisarri,
• Jordi Camas,
• F. Javier Huertas and
• Alexander E. S. Van Driessche

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 665–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.67

• fibrous structures (streaks) form at the step edges. Confocal Raman spectroscopy characterization of the reacted surface could not confirm if the formation of a secondary phase was responsible for the presence of these structures. Keywords: biotite; dissolution mechanism; environmental; in situ

• followed by the precipitation of a secondary phase in spite of an undersaturated bulk solution with respect to that secondary phase [36]. In agreement with this theory the increase of layer thickness could correspond to the newly formed silica layer. Yet, layer curling and peeling, observed also in

• (ca. 100 µm) of Raman spectroscopy and the consequent strong “background” signal from the bulk biotite phase with respect to the weak signal from the secondary phase(s), we cannot confirm nor refute the presence of new mineral phase(s). In addition, the measured chemical composition of the output

Optical and structural characterization of oleic acid-stabilized CdTe nanocrystals for solution thin film processing

• Claudio Davet Gutiérrez-Lazos,
• Mauricio Ortega-López,
• Manuel A. Pérez-Guzmán,
• A. Mauricio Espinoza-Rivas,
• Francisco Solís-Pomar,
• Rebeca Ortega-Amaya,
• L. Gerardo Silva-Vidaurri,
• Virginia C. Castro-Peña and
• Eduardo Pérez-Tijerina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 881–886, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.100

• ). Electron diffraction and XRD diffraction analyses indicated the bulk-CdTe face-centered cubic structure for CdTe-NC. An additional diffraction line corresponding to the octahedral Cd3P2 was also detected as a secondary phase, which probably originates by reacting free cadmium ions with trioctylphosphine

• uses in solution-processable thin film solar cells. The CdTe-NC were prepared by colloidal chemistry using an organic–inorganic reaction [30]. The product comprised toluene-dispersed oleic acid-stabilized CdTe-NC and cadmium phosphide (Cd3P2) as a secondary phase. Oleic acid was chosen because it

Polymer blend lithography: A versatile method to fabricate nanopatterned self-assembled monolayers

• Cheng Huang,
• Markus Moosmann,
• Jiehong Jin,
• Tobias Heiler,
• Stefan Walheim and
• Thomas Schimmel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 620–628, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.71

• . Besides the main structure size, which can be reliably controlled, there are always some small structures observed. In the histograms shown in Figure 4c there is a detectable tail down to 90 nm for all molecular weights. This tail is most probably a signature of a secondary phase separation during the