Realizing active targeting in cancer nanomedicine with ultrasmall nanoparticles

• André F. Lima,
• Giselle Z. Justo and
• Alioscka A. Sousa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1208–1226, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.98

• performance of the targeted C’ dot formulation with an antibody drug conjugate using both 3D tumor spheroid models and xenograft animal tumor models. The results indicated that the C’ dots exhibited significantly deeper penetration within 3D cell-line-derived spheroids (Figure 3C). Additionally, the particles

Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

• randomly oriented nanorods (with the rod geometry assumed as prolate spheroids with three principal axes) in the dipole approximation: where εm is the dielectric constant of the surrounding medium, Pj is the depolarization factor along the A, B, and C axes, and R is the aspect ratio of the nanorods (B/A or

The steep road to nonviral nanomedicines: Frequent challenges and culprits in designing nanoparticles for gene therapy

• Yao Yao,
• Yeongun Ko,
• Grant Grasman,
• Jeffery E. Raymond and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 351–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.30

• investigating NP cellular uptake and (or) transfection. (c) 5-year prevalence of describing or characterizing protein corona in the manuscript. (d) 5-year prevalence of employing 3D cell culture models (e.g., spheroids or organoids). (e) Comparisons of serum content used during nanoparticle incubation with

Micro- and nanotechnology in biomedical engineering for cartilage tissue regeneration in osteoarthritis

• Zahra Nabizadeh,
• Mahmoud Nasrollahzadeh,
• Hamed Daemi,
• Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad,
• Ali Akbar Shabani,
• Mehdi Dadashpour,
• Majid Mirmohammadkhani and
• Davood Nasrabadi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 363–389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.31

The effect of metal surface nanomorphology on the output performance of a TENG

• Yiru Wang,
• Xin Zhao,
• Yang Liu and
• Wenjun Zhou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 298–312, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.25

• of this process. After 30 s of deposition under different conditions, different morphologies of nanocrystals, including pyramids, strips, and spheroids, were obtained (Figure 2). At the beginning of the experiment, Cu and PTFE are in contact through an external force. The surface charge on Cu is

• ). After the size screening, the proportion of each particle size was calculated. The particle size distribution plays a vital role in improving the output performance. The nanocrystals can be divided into pyramids, spheroids and strips. The shape of the metal nanocrystals determines the distribution of

• with different shapes of nanoscale crystallites. (a1–c1) Models of pyramids, strips, and spheroids. (a2–c2) COMSOL simulation of the electric field distribution with a surface charge density of 12.5 μC·m−2 at the contact surface of PTFE. (a3–c3) COMSOL simulation of the displacement distribution under

Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity in vitro of surface-functionalized drug-loaded spinel ferrite nanoparticles

• Sadaf Mushtaq,
• Khuram Shahzad,
• Tariq Saeed,
• Anwar Ul-Hamid,
• Bilal Haider Abbasi,
• Nafees Ahmad,
• Waqas Khalid,
• Muhammad Atif,
• Zulqurnain Ali and
• Rashda Abbasi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1339–1364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.99

• . The nanoparticles caused cytotoxicity via oxidative stress, causing DNA damage and activation of p53-mediated cell cycle arrest (significantly elevated expression, p < 0.005, majorly G1 and G2/M arrest) and apoptosis. Cytotoxicity testing in 3D spheroids showed significant (p < 0.05) reduction in

• studies of human cancers [62]. Here, spheroids of HepG2 and HT144 cells were grown for cytotoxicity assessment of drug-functionalized MFe2O4 NPs (5 µg/mL). The obtained HepG2 and HT144 spheroids had average diameters of 420 ± 21.5 and 582 ± 72 µm, respectively, which reached the maximum value at the 14th

• day (HepG2 = 450 ± 16.33 and HT144 = 713 ± 81.3 µm). HepG2 formed compactly packed spheroids, whereas HT144 spheroids were loosely bound (Figure 8). In HepG2 spheroids, a slight reduction in the spheroid diameter was observed after treatment with drug-loaded NPs. The spheroids were also not highly

Applications of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in drug and therapeutic delivery, and biotechnological advancements

• Maria Suciu,
• Corina M. Ionescu,
• Alexandra Ciorita,
• Septimiu C. Tripon,
• Dragos Nica,
• Hani Al-Salami and
• Lucian Barbu-Tudoran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1092–1109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.94

• infiltrated these macrophages in spheroids of tumor cells and destroyed the cells by hyperthermia in vitro [125]. Moghimi et al. [124] found that liposomes and polymeric nanospheres used as nanocarriers are also opsonized, which promotes their clearance by macrophage activation. The opsonization also leads to

Wet-spinning of magneto-responsive helical chitosan microfibers

• Dorothea Brüggemann,
• Johanna Michel,
• Naiana Suter,
• Matheus Grande de Aguiar and
• Michael Maas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 991–999, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.83

• oxide nanoparticles in order to generate 3D spheroids [43][44][45][46]. The production of helical microfibers can, in principle, be achieved by adding a rotation element to the translational extrusion process. This has been demonstrated by Sun et al. who developed a magnetic micromanipulation technique

Interactions at the cell membrane and pathways of internalization of nano-sized materials for nanomedicine

• Valentina Francia,
• Daphne Montizaan and
• Anna Salvati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 338–353, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.25

• or simply confluent [22][159]. Apart from simpler cell cultures and cell barriers, many advances have been made in the development of cellular models that can better reflect the more complex organization of cells in vivo. Models such as organoids or spheroids, which use one or multiple cell lines

Rational design of block copolymer self-assemblies in photodynamic therapy

• Maxime Demazeau,
• Laure Gibot,
• Anne-Françoise Mingotaud,
• Patricia Vicendo,
• Clément Roux and
• Barbara Lonetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 180–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.15

• animal testing ethics (the “3 R’s” stand for replacement, reduction and refinement aiming at limiting the number of in vivo experiments requiring the sacrifice of animals). 3D systems such as spheroids or cell-derived matrices and using microfluidics have thus been suggested for PDT [28][29]. Based on

• pheophorbide a when incorporated in micellar, vesicular or worm-like PEO-PCL vectors in two cell lines (FaDu or HCT 116) [66][67]. No strong improvement was observed for elongated systems working on 3D spheroids and, interestingly, a micelle/vesicle mixture led to synergistic effects on HCT 116 cells but

Heating ability of magnetic nanoparticles with cubic and combined anisotropy

• Nikolai A. Usov,
• Mikhail S. Nesmeyanov,
• Elizaveta M. Gubanova and
• Natalia B. Epshtein

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 305–314, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.29

• /2. The nanoparticle elongations are supposed to be small, ξmax ≤ 1.2, so that various spheroids are close to a sphere. The calculations show that in the limit Np >> 1 the averaged hysteresis loop of cluster assembly has a rather small dispersion being averaged over 30–40 independent realizations of

Atomic-level characterization and cilostazol affinity of poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles conjugated with differentially charged hydrophilic molecules

• María Francisca Matus,
• Martín Ludueña,
• Cristian Vilos,
• Iván Palomo and
• Marcelo M. Mariscal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1328–1338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.126

• Paz et al. [50] was readjusted, which classifies the geometrical structures of PLA cores into three groups of spheroids: spheres, oblates and prolates [50]. According to the described procedure by Paz et al. [51] to analyze the geometric deformations over time, it is necessary to define the triaxial

Nanoparticle delivery to metastatic breast cancer cells by nanoengineered mesenchymal stem cells

• Liga Saulite,
• Karlis Pleiko,
• Ineta Popena,
• Dominyka Dapkute,
• Ricardas Rotomskis and
• Una Riekstina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 321–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.32

• ; mesenchymal stem cells; quantum dots; spheroids; 3D cell culture; Introduction The recent progress in the development of nanoscale agents opens up new perspectives for targeted drug delivery in cancer diagnostics, imaging and therapy. However, once administered into the body, nanoparticles (NPs) are rapidly

• spheroids of 100 μm in diameter (Figure 2A,B). The diameter of the spheroids further increased after 48 and 72 h (Figure 2A,B). Z-scan measurements revealed that live cells were present throughout the spheroid structure after 24 h of incubation (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2). CD90 was used as a

• signal stability in mesenchymal stem cell spheroids Next, we sought to determine the stability of the QD label in MSC spheroids. QD release was estimated in MSCs that were labelled with QDs in complete or serum-free medium in 2D culture and seeded on polyHEMA coatings to form spheroids. After 24 h, only

Multiscale modeling of lithium ion batteries: thermal aspects

• Arnulf Latz and
• Jochen Zausch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 987–1007, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.102

• properties. To simplify the geometry further both electrodes have an identical structure. Two cases with different base particles were considered: one with spherical active particles of radius 5 μm and one with prolate spheroids of random orientation with half-axes of 5 μm and 16.8 μm. In both cases the

Properties of plasmonic arrays produced by pulsed-laser nanostructuring of thin Au films

• Katarzyna Grochowska,
• Katarzyna Siuzdak,
• Peter A. Atanasov,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Anna Dikovska,
• Nikolay N. Nedyalkov and
• Gerard Śliwiński

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2102–2112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.219

• the particle shape variations which range from partially spherical to cup-like to partial spheroids. Nanostructuring via the photothermal effect associated with strong plasmonic absorption (i.e., collective oscillation of the free electrons between the metal and dielectric when excited around the

On the structure of grain/interphase boundaries and interfaces

• K. Anantha Padmanabhan and
• Herbert Gleiter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1603–1615, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.172

• about two and a half atomic diameters (average grain boundary width [58]) in the perpendicular direction. (A deformation of oblate spheroids of such dimensions along the interface between glassy regions in case of metallic glasses would lead to the formation of shear transformation zones, described by

• Argon [59] and others.) As mentioned above, the basic units of boundary/interface sliding are defined around free volume sites, which are present at discrete places characteristic of the interatomic forces and the boundary misorientation. The sequential shear of such oblate spheroids, when it reaches

• examination of Figure 4 reveals that the deformation of oblate spheroids proceeds along a grain boundary leaving behind circular loops. By definition, they constitute dislocation loops of zero Burgers vector in the Volterra sense. (They cannot, however, be described in terms of crystallographic concepts