Safe and sustainable by design with ML/AI: A transformative approach to advancing nanotechnology

• Georgia Melagraki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 176–185, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.11

• tests are the black box (see Figure 2). They provide no mechanistic insights to explain the observed impacts. However, extending traditional animal tests with approaches such as toxicogenomics analyses increases the transparency of the box (system). Incorporating alternative test methods (also called

Application of biclustering of gene expression data and gene set enrichment analysis methods to identify potentially disease causing nanomaterials

• Andrew Williams and
• Sabina Halappanavar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2438–2448, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.252

• ; toxicogenomics; Introduction Metadata analysis that leverages genomics data has become increasingly popular as more experiments populate publicly available data repositories such as the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/) and European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI; https