Realizing active targeting in cancer nanomedicine with ultrasmall nanoparticles

• André F. Lima,
• Giselle Z. Justo and
• Alioscka A. Sousa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1208–1226, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.98

• Andre F. Lima Giselle Z. Justo Alioscka A. Sousa Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 04044-020, Brazil 10.3762/bjnano.15.98 Abstract Ultrasmall nanoparticles (usNPs) have emerged as promising theranostic tools in cancer nanomedicine. With sizes comparable to

• . Keywords: active targeting; cancer; nanoclusters; renal clearance; ultrasmall nanoparticles; Review 1 Introduction Nanotechnology has opened new avenues for tackling unmet challenges in medicine [1][2][3]. In the field of oncology, a notable application involves the use of engineered nanoparticles (NPs

• distribution of usNPs, aiding the design of second-generation targeted usNPs displaying improved tumor targeting, therapeutic efficacy, and safety. Schematic representation of ultrasmall nanoparticles, highlighting their unique biological functionalities and physiological behavior. The figure was created using

Microwave-induced electric discharges on metal particles for the synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials under solvent-free conditions

• Vijay Tripathi,
• Harit Kumar,
• Anubhav Agarwal and
• Leela S. Panchakarla

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1019–1025, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.86

• . We have also seen a partial rolling of graphene sheets into nanoscrolls (Figure 5a,b). The formation of ultrasmall nanoparticles of ZnO along with graphene was detected (see Figure S8 in Supporting Information File 1). In the case of GO exfoliation, we have observed the formation of nanosheets of

Mannosylated brush copolymers based on poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(ε-caprolactone) as multivalent lectin-binding nanomaterials

• Stefania Ordanini,
• Wanda Celentano,
• Anna Bernardi and
• Francesco Cellesi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2192–2206, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.212

• combination of ROP and ATRP. Polymers were subsequently mannosylated through a CuAAC click reaction, obtaining final glycopolymers with a mannose valency of 1, 2, 4 or 8. This synthetic strategy was exploited to produce well-defined nanomaterials that self-assemble in aqueous media forming ultrasmall

• nanoparticles. The ability of these glyco-functionalized nanoparticles to efficiently expose mannose to lectins was investigated with the model Concanavalin A, through turbidity assays. While the monovalent macromolecule was not able to induce Con A clustering, the linear divalent glycopolymer had a binding

Colorimetric gas detection by the varying thickness of a thin film of ultrasmall PTSA-coated TiO₂ nanoparticles on a Si substrate

• Urmas Joost,
• Andris Šutka,
• Meeri Visnapuu,
• Aile Tamm,
• Meeri Lembinen,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Kathriin Utt,
• Krisjanis Smits,
• Ergo Nõmmiste and
• Vambola Kisand

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 229–236, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.25

• under reflux conditions. The nanoparticles were washed twice with methanol using centrifugation at 12000g for 1 h. The synthesis was optimized to obtain ultrasmall nanoparticles (roughly 3 nm in diameter) to attain a high sample surface area. Our modified synthesis protocol had a NP yield more than 50

Heterometal nanoparticles from Ru-based molecular clusters covalently anchored onto functionalized carbon nanotubes and nanofibers

• Deborah Vidick,
• Xiaoxing Ke,
• Michel Devillers,
• Claude Poleunis,
• Arnaud Delcorte,
• Pietro Moggi,
• Gustaaf Van Tendeloo and
• Sophie Hermans

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1287–1297, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.133

• submitted to activation. In order to confirm the elemental composition of the ultrasmall nanoparticles, STEM-EDX spot analysis is performed over individual nanoparticles of diameter of approximately 2–3 nm, as shown in Figure 6a. The EDX spectrum taken from spot 1 confirms the presence of both Ru and Pt

• where Ru contributes more dose than Pt (Figure 6c). This is in agreement with a Ru/Pt 5:1 stoichiometry in the starting cluster. However, for ultrasmall nanoparticles, as indicated with spot 2 (approximately 1 nm in diameter), only Ru is detectable (Figure 6d). Due to the ultrasmall size of these

• nanoparticles, they are damaged by electron irradiation and disappear after the spectra acquisition (Figure 6b). This may explain the EDX point analysis of ultrasmall nanoparticles. The contribution of Pt, if present, is too small or too short-lived to be confirmed. These ultrasmall particles are most probably

Low-dose patterning of platinum nanoclusters on carbon nanotubes by focused-electron-beam-induced deposition as studied by TEM

• Xiaoxing Ke,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Sara Bals and
• Gustaaf Van Tendeloo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 77–86, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.9

• ; HAADF-STEM images from the tilt series at tilting angles of 0° and 70° and are shown (Figure 1a,b). In HAADF-STEM, the contrast scales with the atomic number Z, and therefore Pt nanoclusters yield a higher intensity in comparison to the CNT. Figure 1a,b demonstrates that the ultrasmall nanoparticles are