Carbon nano-onions (multi-layer fullerenes): chemistry and applications

• Juergen Bartelmess and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1980–1998, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.207

• with biomolecules was reported by the groups of Plonska-Brzezinska, Simionescu and Echegoyen in 2010 [36]. In the first step, small CNOs (6–8 shells) were oxidized by using conc. H2SO4/HNO3 and subsequently functionalized with PEG to study their cytotoxicity on rat dermal fibroblasts. The result was

• , gives rise to future biological applications such as bio-sensors, especially since the authors of this study reported that the attached protein retains its biological activity. A novel strategy for the surface functionalization of CNOs was published by our group in 2010 [37] (Scheme 7). The so-called

• first report investigating the toxicity of small CNOs dates back to 2010, when Echegoyen et al. investigated the biocompatibility of PEGylated CNOs by exposing rat dermal fibroblasts to different CNO concentrations [37]. The authors could show almost 100% viability of cells for concentrations of 30 and

Carbon-based smart nanomaterials in biomedicine and neuroengineering

• Antonina M. Monaco and
• Michele Giugliano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1849–1863, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.196

• coating did not alter single-cell excitability (b). Reproduced and modified from [130] with permission. Copyright 2010 Elsevier. Sketch of the device for recording the extracellular electrical activity of cultured neuronal networks, developed by Ariano and co-workers. Cells (4) are plated in the recording

Electronic and electrochemical doping of graphene by surface adsorbates

• Hugo Pinto and
• Alexander Markevich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1842–1848, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.195

• transfer has occurred from the 4s occupied level of K to graphene. Reprinted with permission from [28]. Copyright 2010 American Physical Society. Molecular geometry of tetrafluorotetracyanoquinodimethane (F4-TCNQ). Plot of the workfunction of graphene (eV) as a function of the thickness (nm) of deposited

Room temperature, ppb-level NO₂ gas sensing of multiple-networked ZnSe nanowire sensors under UV illumination

• Sunghoon Park,
• Soohyun Kim,
• Wan In Lee,
• Kyoung-Kook Kim and
• Chongmu Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1836–1841, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.194

• . Acknowledgements This study was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (2010-0020163).

Experimental techniques for the characterization of carbon nanoparticles – a brief overview

• Wojciech Kempiński,
• Szymon Łoś,
• Mateusz Kempiński and
• Damian Markowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1760–1766, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.186

• + C6H5NO2 with T0 = 2162 K. Acknowledgements Research was partially supported by the Polish grant MNiSW DPN/N174/COST/2010 and COST MP0901 “NanoTP”.

Non-covalent and reversible functionalization of carbon nanotubes

• Antonello Di Crescenzo,
• Valeria Ettorre and
• Antonella Fontana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1675–1690, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.178

• MIUR (PRIN 2010-11, prot. 2010N3T9M4). A. D. C. thanks MIUR (PRIN 2010-11, prot. 2010N3T9M4) that funded his biennial postdoctoral fellowship.

Current state of laser synthesis of metal and alloy nanoparticles as ligand-free reference materials for nano-toxicological assays

• Christoph Rehbock,
• Jurij Jakobi,
• Lisa Gamrad,
• Selina van der Meer,
• Daniela Tiedemann,
• Ulrike Taylor,
• Wilfried Kues,
• Detlef Rath and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1523–1541, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.165

In vitro interaction of colloidal nanoparticles with mammalian cells: What have we learned thus far?

• Moritz Nazarenus,
• Qian Zhang,
• Mahmoud G. Soliman,
• Pablo del Pino,
• Beatriz Pelaz,
• Susana Carregal-Romero,
• Joanna Rejman,
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser,
• Martin J. D. Clift,
• Reinhard Zellner,
• G. Ulrich Nienhaus,
• James B. Delehanty,
• Igor L. Medintz and
• Wolfgang J. Parak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1477–1490, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.161

• located within a lysosome (arrows I) and in the cytosol (arrow II). m and n demark the nucleus and mitochondria, respectively. The scale bar corresponds to 500 nm. Adopted from with permission from [68]. Copyright 2010 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. TEM images of a) dispersed and b

Synthesis, characterization, and growth simulations of Cu–Pt bimetallic nanoclusters

• Subarna Khanal,
• Ana Spitale,
• Nabraj Bhattarai,
• Daniel Bahena,
• J. Jesus Velazquez-Salazar,
• Sergio Mejía-Rosales,
• Marcelo M. Mariscal and
• Miguel José-Yacaman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1371–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.150

• (PICT 2010-1233) for financial support. SMR acknowledge support from Conacyt, through the CIAM program (project 148967). The authors acknowledge the Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC).

Functionalized nanostructures for enhanced photocatalytic performance under solar light

• Liejin Guo,
• Dengwei Jing,
• Maochang Liu,
• Yubin Chen,
• Shaohua Shen,
• Jinwen Shi and
• Kai Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 994–1004, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.113

• (2010) Elsevier. Illustration of mesoporous wall on the anti-photocorrosion of sulfide photocatalyst. Proposed mechanism for charge transfer in Fe/Ni co-doped MCM-41. Reprinted with permission from [21]. Copyright (2014) Elsevier. Proposed photocatalytic charge separation process over the band-structure

• controlled NiS/Cd0.5Zn0.5S photocatalyst. Reprinted from with permission from [29]. Copyright (2010) Elsevier. CdS nanoparticle enwrapped by the surrounding TNTs showed a significant enhancement of charge separation and therefore a high activity. Reproduced with permission from [33]. Copyright (2011) The

• nanosheets. Reprinted with permission from [61]. Copyright (2010), Springer. Illustration of twin-induced 1D long range ordered homojunctions over Cd0.5Zn0.5S with alternative zinc-blende (ZB) and wurtzite (WZ) segments. Acknowledgements The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the

Designing magnetic superlattices that are composed of single domain nanomagnets

• Derek M. Forrester,
• Feodor V. Kusmartsev and
• Endre Kovács

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 956–963, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.109

• (blue) plateaus. Acknowledgements DMF thanks the EPSRC for funding under KTA grant - “Developing prototypes and a commercial strategy for nanoblade technology”. EK thanks the TAMOP-4.2.1.B-10/2/KONV-2010-0001 project in the framework of the New Hungarian Development Plan.

Optical and structural characterization of oleic acid-stabilized CdTe nanocrystals for solution thin film processing

• Claudio Davet Gutiérrez-Lazos,
• Mauricio Ortega-López,
• Manuel A. Pérez-Guzmán,
• A. Mauricio Espinoza-Rivas,
• Francisco Solís-Pomar,
• Rebeca Ortega-Amaya,
• L. Gerardo Silva-Vidaurri,
• Virginia C. Castro-Peña and
• Eduardo Pérez-Tijerina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 881–886, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.100

• : Shape, size and crystal structure of CdTe-NC were determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) using a JEOL 2010 microscope. For TEM characterization, the nanocrystals solution were dropped on 300 mesh Lacey carbon grid and dried under laboratory conditions. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements

Enhancement of photocatalytic H₂ evolution of eosin Y-sensitized reduced graphene oxide through a simple photoreaction

• Weiying Zhang,
• Yuexiang Li,
• Shaoqin Peng and
• Xiang Cai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 801–811, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.92

• -resolution TEM (HRTEM) images were taken on a JEOL JEM-2010 (TEM) equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was measured on an IVIUMSTAT electrochemical workstation (Netherlands). The electrochemical experiments were performed in a 3-compartment cell

Adsorption and oxidation of formaldehyde on a polycrystalline Pt film electrode: An in situ IR spectroscopy search for adsorbed reaction intermediates

• Zenonas Jusys and
• R. Jürgen Behm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 747–759, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.87

• -FTIRS measurements in H2SO4 solution [23][24][32][55]. The bands at ca. 2010 cm−1 (at 0.0 V) are assigned to linearly bonded adsorbed CO (COL), with the exact wave number depending both on the COad coverage and the electrode potential [56]. The bands at ca. 1805 cm−1 result from multiply bonded CO (COM

Nanostructure sensitization of transition metal oxides for visible-light photocatalysis

• Hongjun Chen and
• Lianzhou Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 696–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.82

• collected at the incident wavelength range from 310 to 650 nm at a potential of 0 V vs Ag/AgCl. Reprinted from [38] copyright (2010), with permission from the American Chemical Society. Proposed charge transfer mechanism for the visible-light-irradiated gold nanoparticle−TiO2 system. Reprinted from [76

Hairy suckers: the surface microstructure and its possible functional significance in the Octopus vulgaris sucker

• Francesca Tramacere,
• Esther Appel,
• Barbara Mazzolai and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 561–565, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.66

• were analysed. Animals were obtained from licensed fishermen, who captured these animals from the bay of Livorno (Italy) in October 2012 for human consumption. The suckers were taken from freshly killed animals. All facilities and procedures complied with European law (Directive 2010/63/EU). For SEM

Interaction of iron phthalocyanine with the graphene/Ni(111) system

• Lorenzo Massimi,
• Simone Lisi,
• Daniela Pacilè,
• Carlo Mariani and
• Maria Grazia Betti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 308–312, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.34

• ). Acknowledgements Work funded by PRIN grant 20105ZZTSE “GRAF” and by FIRB-Futuro in Ricerca 2010-Project PLASMO-GRAPH of the Italian Ministery for Research (MIUR) and by Roma “La Sapienza” University funds.

Preparation of NiS/ZnIn₂S₄ as a superior photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution under visible light irradiation

• Liang Wei,
• Yongjuan Chen,
• Jialin Zhao and
• Zhaohui Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 949–955, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.107

• Bruker D8 Advance X-ray diffractometer with Cu Kα radiation. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images were measured by a JEOL model JEM 2010 EX instrument at an accelerating voltage of 200 kV. The powder particles were supported on a

STM tip-assisted engineering of molecular nanostructures: PTCDA islands on Ge(001):H surfaces

• Amir A. Ahmad Zebari,
• Marek Kolmer and
• Jakub S. Prauzner-Bechcicki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 927–932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.104

• . Godlewski on the experimental procedures. This work was supported by a grant from Switzerland through the Swiss Contribution to the enlarged European Union (Joint Polish-Swiss Research Program) no PSPB-085/2010 “Molecular assemblies on semiconductors and insulating surfaces” (http://www.molsurf.eu).

Challenges in realizing ultraflat materials surfaces

• Takashi Yatsui,
• Wataru Nomura,
• Fabrice Stehlin,
• Olivier Soppera,
• Makoto Naruse and
• Motoichi Ohtsu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 875–885, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.99

• [46]. Copyright 2010 Springer Science+Business Media). Flattened AFM images of the sapphire substrate surface after RF sputtering (c) without and (d) with visible light illumination. (e, f) Flattened AFM images of (c) and (d), respectively, shown in gray-scale. (g, h) Cross-sectional profiles along

Surface passivation and optical characterization of Al₂O₃/a-SiC_x stacks on c-Si substrates

• Gema López,
• Pablo R. Ortega,
• Cristóbal Voz,
• Isidro Martín,
• Mónica Colina,
• Anna B. Morales,
• Albert Orpella and
• Ramón Alcubilla

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 726–731, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.82

• ENE2010-21384-C04-04, TEC2011-26329 and INNDISOL IPT-420000-2010-6 (FEDER funded “Una manera de hacer Europa”).

Modulation of defect-mediated energy transfer from ZnO nanoparticles for the photocatalytic degradation of bilirubin

• Tanujjal Bora,
• Karthik K. Lakshman,
• Soumik Sarkar,
• Abhinandan Makhal,
• Samim Sardar,
• Samir K. Pal and
• Joydeep Dutta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 714–725, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.81

• JEM-2010) was used for the morphological and crystallographic characterization of the ZnO nanoparticles used in this study. The TEM samples were prepared by applying a drop of the ZnO nanoparticle samples dispersed in ethanol onto the carbon side of carbon-coated copper grids and dried overnight in

Functionalization of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes

• Eloise Van Hooijdonk,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Rony Snyders and
• Jean-François Colomer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 129–152, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.14

• physical and chemical properties of the CNTs due to the plasma process (i.e., fluorination in CF4 of the CNTs, defect-density increase and opening of the CNT caps). Oxidation of VA-CNTs: As-grown VA-CNTs are superhydrophobic [89]. In 2010, Ramos et al. [90] emphasized that a post-treatment by using oxygen

Plasmonic oligomers in cylindrical vector light beams

• Mario Hentschel,
• Jens Dorfmüller,
• Harald Giessen,
• Sebastian Jäger,
• Andreas M. Kern,
• Kai Braun,
• Dai Zhang and
• Alfred J. Meixner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 57–65, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.6

• ) SEM images of the corresponding samples with indicated interparticle gap distances. The scale-bar dimension is 500 nm. (right column) Simulated extinction cross-section spectra by using the multiple-multipole method. Adapted with permission from [13]. Copyright (2010) American Chemical Society

• mode and the broad super-radiant mode results in the Fano resonance. In the absence of the central nanoparticle, the nanoparticles in the hexamer always oscillate in phase, leading to a collective dipolar mode. Adapted with permission from [13]. Copyright (2010) American Chemical Society. (a) Examples

Nanostructure-directed chemical sensing: The IHSAB principle and the dynamics of acid/base-interface interaction

• James L. Gole and
• William Laminack

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 20–31, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.3

• is used for gathering data and supplying the DC current. Labview software is used to control the experiment and record the results. MATLAB is used in the analysis of the data. Schematic representation of PS sensor interface structure. Reproduced with permission from [3]. Copyright 2010 Wiley-VCH

• micropores; (c) 10 to 30 nm AuxO nanostructures on porous silicon. Reproduced with permission from [3]. Copyright 2010 Wiley-VCH. Relative increase in response (increase in resistance) of SnO2, NiO, CuxO, and gold clustered oxide, AuxO treated “p-type” PS interfaces relative to the untreated PS interface