The regulation and biosynthesis of antimycins

• Ryan F. Seipke and
• Matthew I. Hutchings

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 2556–2563, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.290

• possessing a C-8 hydroxyl and not a C-8 acyloxyl were detected in a ∆antB mutant [38]. In vitro enzymatic synthesis showed that AntB is incredibly promiscuous and is capable of accepting a wide variety of substrates, including an alkyne-containing moiety, which has not been observed previously in the

Biosynthesis of rare hexoses using microorganisms and related enzymes

• Zijie Li,
• Yahui Gao,
• Hideki Nakanishi,
• Xiaodong Gao and
• Li Cai

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 2434–2445, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.281

• , and Glu244) and the O-2 and O-3 of fructose. This figure was created using PDB File 2HK1 [38]. Synthesis of D-tagatose from D-galactose using L-arabinose isomerase. Synthesis of D-psicose from D-fructose using D-tagatose 3-epimerase/D-psicose 3-epimerase. Enzymatic synthesis of D-psicose using

• aldolase FucA. Proposed pathway of the D-sorbose synthesis from galactitol or L-glucitol. Simultaneous enzymatic synthesis of D-sorbose and D-psicose. Biosynthesis of L-tagatose. Preparative-scale synthesis of L-tagatose and L-fructose using aldolase. Biosynthesis of L-fructose. Preparative-scale synthesis

• of L-fructose using aldolase RhaD. Chemoenzymatically synthesis of 1-deoxy-L-fructose [8]. Potential enzymes (isomerases) for the bioconversion of D-psicose to D-allose. Three-step bioconversion of D-glucose to D-allose. Biosynthesis of L-glucose. Enzymatic synthesis of L-talose and D-gulose

Asymmetric organocatalytic decarboxylative Mannich reaction using β-keto acids: A new protocol for the synthesis of chiral β-amino ketones

• Chunhui Jiang,
• Fangrui Zhong and
• Yixin Lu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 1279–1283, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.144

• unsatisfactory and the enantioselectivities were modest [20]. In recent years, inspired by the enzymatic synthesis of polyketides and fatty acids in biological systems, the enantioselective decarboxylative reactions of malonic acid half thioesters (MAHTs) have received much attention. In this regard, various

Chemo-enzymatic modification of poly-N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc) oligomers and N,N-diacetyllactosamine (LacDiNAc) based on galactose oxidase treatment

• Christiane E. Kupper,
• Ruben R. Rosencrantz,
• Birgit Henßen,
• Helena Pelantová,
• Stephan Thönes,
• Anna Drozdová,
• Vladimir Křen and
• Lothar Elling

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 712–725, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.80

• oligomers containing terminally and/or internally modified galactose residues were obtained, which can be used for binding studies and various other applications. Keywords: chemo-enzymatic synthesis; galactose oxidase; glycosyltransferase; LacDiNAc; poly-N-acetyllactosamine; Introduction N

Tertiary alcohol preferred: Hydroxylation of trans-3-methyl-L-proline with proline hydroxylases

• Christian Klein and
• Wolfgang Hüttel

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 1643–1647, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.193

• Christian Klein Wolfgang Huttel Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany 10.3762/bjoc.7.193 Abstract The enzymatic synthesis of tertiary alcohols by the stereospecific

Coupled chemo(enzymatic) reactions in continuous flow

• Ruslan Yuryev,
• Simon Strompen and
• Andreas Liese

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 1449–1467, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.169

• conversions in the range of 95–98%. The continuous enzymatic synthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid (17) from N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc, 14) in an enzyme membrane reactor employing two enzymes was developed by Kragl and coworkers [27]. In their coupled-reaction system the first enzyme GlcNAc 2-epimerase

• and Gröger [37], Strompen et al. developed a continuous chemo-enzymatic synthesis of ethyl (S)-3-(benzylamino)butanoate (48), which is a precursor to (S)-3-aminobutanoic acid. In contrast to the multistep enzymatic processes previously mentioned here, this transformation is carried out in a nonaqueous

• continuous multistep enzymatic synthesis of fine chemicals, where cofactor regeneration is required. In such cases the whole-cell in vivo approach is advantageous over in vitro approaches, because it is not necessary to use immobilization or nanofiltration membranes for the retention of small cofactor

A novel high-yield synthesis of aminoacyl p-nitroanilines and aminoacyl 7-amino-4-methylcoumarins: Important synthons for the synthesis of chromogenic/fluorogenic protease substrates

• Xinghua Wu,
• Yu Chen,
• Herve Aloysius and
• Longqin Hu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 1030–1035, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.117

• moderate to excellent yields (54–95%) of the desired Nα-protected aminoacyl-pNAs [16]. However, only Boc protected amino acids were used in the reported study, with three examples provided. The enzymatic synthesis of aminoacyl-pNAs was also reported recently [17]. Although this method is free of

Chemical aminoacylation of tRNAs with fluorinated amino acids for in vitro protein mutagenesis

• Shijie Ye,
• Allison Ann Berger,
• Dominique Petzold,
• Oliver Reimann,
• Benjamin Matt and
• Beate Koksch

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, No. 40, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.40

• are suitable for in vitro protein mutagenesis. Conclusion and Outlook The efficient chemical and enzymatic synthesis of three novel fluorinated aminoacyl-pdCpAs and Abu-pdCpA and their corresponding charged tRNAs is reported. These aminoacyl-tRNAs can be used for site-specific protein mutagenesis in a

Large- scale ruthenium- and enzyme- catalyzed dynamic kinetic resolution of (rac)-1-phenylethanol

• Krisztián Bogár,
• Belén Martín-Matute and
• Jan-E. Bäckvall

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2007, 3, No. 50, doi:10.1186/1860-5397-3-50

• chemistry.[27] In the course of the chemo-enzymatic synthesis of optically pure alcohols and esters, Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) was found to be one of the most active and selective biocatalysts compared to other enzymes. Lipases do not need the presence of a cofactor and they can be employed in pure