Valorisation of plastic waste via metal-catalysed depolymerisation

• Francesca Liguori,
• Carmen Moreno-Marrodán and
• Pierluigi Barbaro

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 589–621, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.53

• material rather than the material itself, and it is usually achieved by combustion or incineration [61][62]. This method is generally used for plastics that cannot be economically recycled by other means [63][64]. However, it often entails the emission of toxic volatile compounds (furans, dioxins) [65

Identification of volatiles from six marine Celeribacter strains

• Anuj Kumar Chhalodia,
• Jan Rinkel,
• Dorota Konvalinkova,
• Jörn Petersen and
• Jeroen S. Dickschat

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 420–430, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.38

• (20), in addition to 3-methylbutan-4-olide (21) and 4-methylhex-5-en-4-olide (22), was detected in strain-specific patterns, with almost all of these compounds present in C. marinus; only C. halophilus did not emit lactones. Furans included furan-2-ylmethanol (23), furfural (24), and 2-acetylfuran (25

Three-component reactions of aromatic amines, 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, and α-bromoacetaldehyde acetal to access N-(hetero)aryl-4,5-unsubstituted pyrroles

• Wenbo Huang,
• Kaimei Wang,
• Ping Liu,
• Minghao Li,
• Shaoyong Ke and
• Yanlong Gu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2920–2928, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.241

• are reacted with a C4 donor to form the pyrrole ring; many functional molecules, such as bioderived furans [29], (Z)-enynols [30], 1-vinylpropargyl alcohols [31], doubly activated cyclopropanes [32], and enynals [33], can be used as C4 counter reagents. The carbon-based 1,4-biselectrophiles, such as

Dawn of a new era in industrial photochemistry: the scale-up of micro- and mesostructured photoreactors

• Emine Kayahan,
• Mathias Jacobs,
• Leen Braeken,
• Leen C.J. Thomassen,
• Simon Kuhn,
• Tom van Gerven and
• M. Enis Leblebici

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2484–2504, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.202

• an ene reaction of β-citronellol and Diels–Alder reactions of α-terpinene and (5-methylfuran-2-yl)methanol [46] as well as the synthesis of cyclopent-2-enones from furans [47] and the synthesis of diverse γ-lactam scaffolds [48]. Conversions larger than 90% were achieved for all reactions [46][47][48

Synthesis and highly efficient light-induced rearrangements of diphenylmethylene(2-benzo[b]thienyl)fulgides and fulgimides

• Vladimir P. Rybalkin,
• Sofiya Yu. Zmeeva,
• Lidiya L. Popova,
• Valerii V. Tkachev,
• Andrey N. Utenyshev,
• Olga Yu. Karlutova,
• Alexander D. Dubonosov,
• Vladimir A. Bren,
• Sergey M. Aldoshin and
• Vladimir I. Minkin

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1820–1829, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.149

• -isomers and of products of the photoinduced rearrangement completed by 1,5-H shift reaction, 3a,4-dihydronaphtho[2,3-c]furans(pyrroles) C, were established based on the data of 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction studies. Keywords: benzo[b]thiophene; fulgide; fulgimide; photorearrangement

When metal-catalyzed C–H functionalization meets visible-light photocatalysis

• Lucas Guillemard and
• Joanna Wencel-Delord

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1754–1804, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.147

• heteroarene coupling partners. Indeed, furans, thiophenes, and pyrroles underwent selectively the non-directed C–H functionalization, delivering a diversity of heteroaryl–aryl coupling products. Remarkably, the continuous-flow technique rendered this transformation perfectly suited for large-scale and rapid

Recent applications of porphyrins as photocatalysts in organic synthesis: batch and continuous flow approaches

• Rodrigo Costa e Silva,
• Luely Oliveira da Silva,
• Aloisio de Andrade Bartolomeu,
• Timothy John Brocksom and
• Kleber Thiago de Oliveira

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 917–955, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.83

• conditions, a porphyrin-based protocol for endoperoxidation of the diene, followed by the Kornblum–DeLaMare rearrangement and further telescoped transformations. This protocol yields different classes of products such as furans, tropone, diketones and hydroxyenones, all of them starting from the

Regioselective Pd-catalyzed direct C1- and C2-arylations of lilolidine for the access to 5,6-dihydropyrrolo[3,2,1-ij]quinoline derivatives

• Hai-Yun Huang,
• Haoran Li,
• Thierry Roisnel,
• Jean-François Soulé and
• Henri Doucet

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2069–2075, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.204

• functionalization of heteroarenes such as thiophenes, furans, pyrroles and indoles [14][15], this methodology has been widely applied for the preparation of new aryl-substituted heteroarenes [16][17][18][19][20][21]. Several results dealing with the C–H bond functionalization of indoles have been reported allowing

Reactions of 2-carbonyl- and 2-hydroxy(or methoxy)alkyl-substituted benzimidazoles with arenes in the superacid CF₃SO₃H. NMR and DFT studies of dicationic electrophilic species

• Dmitry S. Ryabukhin,
• Alexey N. Turdakov,
• Natalia S. Soldatova,
• Mikhail O. Kompanets,
• Alexander Yu. Ivanov,
• Irina A. Boyarskaya and
• Aleksander V. Vasilyev

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1962–1973, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.191

• reaction [14]. Recently, several hydroxyalkylation reactions followed by alkylation of arenes have been reported involving heterocycle-based superelectrophiles: pyridines, thiazoles, quinolines, isoquinolines, pyrazines, pyrazoles, imidazole and furans, bearing a formyl (carbonyl) group [15][16][17][18][19

Synthesis of 2H-furo[2,3-c]pyrazole ring systems through silver(I) ion-mediated ring-closure reaction

• Vaida Milišiūnaitė,
• Rūta Paulavičiūtė,
• Eglė Arbačiauskienė,
• Vytas Martynaitis,
• Wolfgang Holzer and
• Algirdas Šačkus

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 679–684, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.62

• derivatives [15][16][17][18]. For example, Damera et al. reported an efficient synthesis of 2-substituted benzo[b]furans with good yields by the base-promoted cyclization of easily accessible 2-alkynylphenols [19]. Recently, 2-arylbenzo[b]furans were conveniently synthesized by the one-pot tandem Hiyama

• preparation of 2-benzofuranmethanamines [22] and 4-indolylbenzo[b]furans [23] in the presence of AgNO3 and AgOTf, respectively, and 2-phenylbenzo[b]furans, where AuCl3 or a mixture thereof with AgOTf has been used to promote the appropriate cyclization [24]. In the present work, we describe a method for the

• previously successfully employed for the preparation of benzo[b]furans by the cyclization of o-alkynylphenols [19]. Unfortunately, no addition of the hydroxy group across the carbon–carbon triple bond was observed even after heating the reaction mixture under analogous reaction conditions for 24 hours (Table

Unnatural α-amino ethyl esters from diethyl malonate or ethyl β-bromo-α-hydroxyiminocarboxylate

• Eloi P. Coutant,
• Vincent Hervin,
• Glwadys Gagnot,
• Candice Ford,
• Racha Baatallah and
• Yves L. Janin

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2853–2860, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.264

• equilibration between the two forms was reported [28] to be a slow process, it would potentially lead to decomposition materials. In any case, as depicted in Table 2, from the commercially available furans 48af–an or from crude solutions of the less accessible (and volatile) compounds 48ao–ar (their preparation

One-pot synthesis of epoxides from benzyl alcohols and aldehydes

• Edwin Alfonzo,
• Jesse W. L. Mendoza and
• Aaron B. Beeler

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2308–2312, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.205

• aldehydes worked well including para-nitro (7), ortho-methyl (8), and para-methoxy groups (9). Other notable examples include heterocycles, such as basic pyridines, thiophenes, and furans 16–18. Additionally, aliphatic 13 and 20 and alkenyl aldehydes 21 performed well providing synthetically useful

Novel photochemical reactions of carbocyclic diazodiketones without elimination of nitrogen – a suitable way to N-hydrazonation of C–H-bonds

• Liudmila L. Rodina,
• Xenia V. Azarova,
• Jury J. Medvedev,
• Dmitrij V. Semenok and
• Valerij A. Nikolaev

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2250–2258, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.200

• %. Further irradiation of hydrazones derived from furan-fused tricyclic diazocyclopentanediones culminates in the cycloelimination of furans to yield 2-N-(alkyl)hydrazone of cyclopentene-1,2,3-trione. By contrast, the direct photolysis of carbocyclic diazodiketones gives only Wolff rearrangement products

• tetrahydrofuran used in the project. Molecular structure of hydrazone 2b as determined by X-ray analysis data (Olex2 plot with 50% probability level of ellipsoids). Photochemical cycloelimination of furans from hydrazones 2d,e. Different pathways of diazodiketones 1 light-induced reactions in the singlet

Applications of organocatalysed visible-light photoredox reactions for medicinal chemistry

• Michael K. Bogdos,
• Emmanuel Pinard and
• John A. Murphy

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2035–2064, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.179

• protocol for coupling simple five-membered heterocycles to substituted benzenes, using Eosin Y as the photocatalyst, starting from arenediazonium salts (Scheme 6) [47]. The scope of the reaction is limited to N-Boc-pyrroles, furans and a couple of simple substituted thiophenes with respect to the

Hypervalent organoiodine compounds: from reagents to valuable building blocks in synthesis

• Gwendal Grelier,
• Benjamin Darses and
• Philippe Dauban

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1508–1528, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.128

• , arenes and heteroarenes [43][44]. A first solution to value the 2-iodobenzoic moiety released from EBX has arisen from the reaction of derivatives 22 with N-(aryl)imines 23 in the presence of 10 mol % of Pd(OAc)2, which gives access to tri- or tetrasubstituted furans 24 and N-(aryl)formamides 25 (Scheme

• including the cleavage of the triple bond and the fragmentation of the carboxylate unit, would finally lead to the furans 24 and the formamide 25. The group of Waser has discovered an atom-economical multi-component process between alkynylbenziodoxolones 22 and diazo compounds, which is catalyzed by the

• -trifluoromethylation of dienes. Catalytic benzoyloxy-trifluoromethylation of allylamines. Catalytic benzoyloxy-trifluoromethylation of enynes. Catalytic benzoyloxy-trifluoromethylation of allenes. Alkynylation of N-(aryl)imines with EBX for the formation of furans. Catalytic benzoyloxy-alkynylation of diazo compounds

Atom-economical group-transfer reactions with hypervalent iodine compounds

• Andreas Boelke,
• Peter Finkbeiner and
• Boris J. Nachtsheim

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1263–1280, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.108

• was a reaction of N-arylimines 38 with ethynylbenziodoxolones 36a (EBX), under the influence of a palladium catalyst, developed by Yoshikai and co-workers [55]. Instead of the expected α-alkynylated product, highly substituted furans 39 were observed (Scheme 21). Both, the electrophilic alkyne and the

• nucleophilic 2-iodobenzoate group took part in this transformation in a complex putative reaction mechanism. However, since two equivalents of EBX (36a) are used, the AE for this transformation is rather low (47% for 39a). The obtained furans 39 are highly useful synthetic intermediates, since the 2-iodoaryl

• amination–arylation sequence. Auto-amination and cross-coupling of PIDA derivatives 20c. Tandem C(sp3)–H olefination/C(sp2)–H arylation. Atom efficient functionalisations with benziodoxolones 36. Atom-efficient synthesis of furans 39 from benziodoxolones 36a and their further derivatisations

Cross-coupling of dissimilar ketone enolates via enolonium species to afford non-symmetrical 1,4-diketones

• Keshaba N. Parida,
• Gulab K. Pathe,
• Shimon Maksymenko and
• Alex M. Szpilman

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 992–997, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.84

• -membered heterocycles such as thiophenes, furans, and pyrroles. Consequently, numerous multistep approaches to unsymmetrical 1,4-dicarbonyl compounds involving, e.g., SN2-type displacements [1] or highly functionalized substrates such as β-ketoesters [2][3] or β-ketosulfones [4] have been developed

Mannich base-connected syntheses mediated by ortho-quinone methides

• Petra Barta,
• Ferenc Fülöp and
• István Szatmári

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 560–575, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.43

• , general route to 2,3-dihydrobenzofurans 21 starting from phenolic Mannich bases. The syntheses were also extended to 2-naphthol Mannich bases as initial compounds affording C-2-substituted 1,2-dihydronaphtho[2,1-b]furans. Bray et al. reacted ortho-hydroxybenzylamines with 2,3-dihydrofuran and γ-methylene

Continuous multistep synthesis of 2-(azidomethyl)oxazoles

• Thaís A. Rossa,
• Nícolas S. Suveges,
• Marcus M. Sá,
• David Cantillo and
• C. Oliver Kappe

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 506–514, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.36

• the synthesis of other organic scaffolds such as furans and pyridines, via cycloaddition/retro-cycloaddition tandem processes (Figure 1d) [10][11][12][13]. A classical example is the preparation of pyridoxine (a form of vitamin B6) using this approach [14][15]. There are several methods for the

Diels–Alder cycloadditions of N-arylpyrroles via aryne intermediates using diaryliodonium salts

• Huangguan Chen,
• Jianwei Han and
• Limin Wang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 354–363, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.23

• diaryiodonium salts in the literature. In 1995, Kitamura prepared phenyl[o-(trimethylsilyl)phenyl]iodonium triflate which could be used as an efficient benzyne precursor in trapping furans [10]. Surprisingly, the research groups of Stuart [11][12] and Wang [13] independently discovered in 2016 that simple

One-pot sequential synthesis of tetrasubstituted thiophenes via sulfur ylide-like intermediates

• Jun Ki Kim,
• Hwan Jung Lim,
• Kyung Chae Jeong and
• Seong Jun Park

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 243–252, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.16

• sulfur ylide-like intermediates, various heterocycles were subjected to the reaction (Table 1, entries 6–11). The desired thiophenes 8f and 8g were obtained in low yields from the respective furans (33% and 20%, Table 1, entries 6 and 7). With thiophene, however, only N,S-acetal compound 7h was obtained

Photocatalytic formation of carbon–sulfur bonds

• Alexander Wimmer and
• Burkhard König

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 54–83, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.4

• furans or pyridines. Thioamide derivatives Formation of benzothiazoles Already in 2012, Li et al. envisioned a photoredox protocol for the synthesis of 2-substituted benzothiazoles applying [Ru(bpy)3](PF6)2 as photocatalyst and molecular oxygen as oxidant (Scheme 31) [66]. As starting material

Synthesis of novel 13α-estrone derivatives by Sonogashira coupling as potential 17β-HSD1 inhibitors

• Ildikó Bacsa,
• Rebeka Jójárt,
• János Wölfling,
• Gyula Schneider,
• Bianka Edina Herman,
• Mihály Szécsi and
• Erzsébet Mernyák

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1303–1309, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.126

• -substituted counterpart 15, the olefinic protons are shown as doublets with a large coupling constant of 12.2 Hz, which refers to their trans arrangement. Under the conditions used for the partial saturation, the ethynyl derivatives bearing a phenolic OH group (8c, 10c) furnished benzo[b]furans 12 and 14

Exploring endoperoxides as a new entry for the synthesis of branched azasugars

• Svenja Domeyer,
• Mark Bjerregaard,
• Henrik Johansson and
• Daniel Sejer Pedersen

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 644–647, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.63

• strategies have since been developed, including asymmetric and chemoenzymatic methods [2][6][7][8]. Substituted endoperoxides have been applied to the synthesis of substituted cyclopropanes, furans and carbohydrates [9][10][11][12]. Inspired by the work of Robinson and co-workers [10][11][12] we hypothesised

Synthesis of 1-indanones with a broad range of biological activity

• Marika Turek,
• Dorota Szczęsna,
• Marek Koprowski and
• Piotr Bałczewski

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 451–494, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.48

• et al. have further expanded the scope of this reaction on several other substrates which are active in the [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition [120]. For example, the triyn 322 under hexadehydro-Diels–Alder (HDDA) conditions gave the corresponding 1-indanone 323 in 80% yield (Scheme 89). 3.2 From furans Van