A green approach to the synthesis of novel phytosphingolipidyl β-cyclodextrin designed to interact with membranes

• Yong Miao,
• Florence Djedaïni-Pilard and
• Véronique Bonnet

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2654–2657, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.278

• of two chains, can form nanoparticles giving low critical aggregation concentration (CAC) [9]. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, only few green approaches were described to modify cyclodextrins (enzyme catalysis [8][9], green solvents [10]). The use of phytosphingosine as a sustainable

Efficient CO₂ capture by tertiary amine-functionalized ionic liquids through Li⁺-stabilized zwitterionic adduct formation

• Zhen-Zhen Yang and
• Liang-Nian He

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1959–1966, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.204

• properties [8][9][10][11], can be designed for task-specific applications through the smart choice of the respective cations and/or anions. Application fields include green solvents for synthesis [9][12][13][14][15], efficient catalysts in organic synthesis [2][16][17], media for advanced separation [18][19

Supercritical carbon dioxide: a solvent like no other

• Jocelyn Peach and
• Julian Eastoe

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1878–1895, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.196

• salts composed purely of organic and inorganic ions with a melting point below 100 °C. They have recently received a significant amount of attention, and due to their chemical stability, non-flammability, low toxicity and low volatility are, alongside supercritical CO2, regarded as green solvents [113

Comparing kinetic profiles between bifunctional and binary type of Zn(salen)-based catalysts for organic carbonate formation

• Carmen Martín and
• Arjan W. Kleij

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1817–1825, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.191

• applications as green solvents, precursors towards pharmaceutical intermediates and as electrolytes in lithium ion batteries [1][10][11]. However, energy is required to activate the kinetically highly stable CO2 making the use of catalysts a requisite to overcome this limitation and to convert it under more

Reductive amination with zinc powder in aqueous media

• Giovanni B. Giovenzana,
• Daniela Imperio,
• Andrea Penoni and
• Giovanni Palmisano

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 1095–1099, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.125

• amination are compatible with aqueous conditions. A literature search revealed that imine formation is possible in water [23] and other green solvents [24]. The reduction of imine in aqueous conditions is reported for selected reagents. We were interested in the use of zinc metal in view of several factors

Kinetics and mechanism of vanadium catalysed asymmetric cyanohydrin synthesis in propylene carbonate

• Michael North and
• Marta Omedes-Pujol

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, 1043–1055, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.119

• chlorinated solvents, optimally dichloromethane. Recently however, we showed that catalyst 2 could be used in propylene carbonate [53]. Propylene carbonate and other cyclic carbonates are starting to attract significant interest as green solvents [54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64], since they can be

Hydroxyapatite supported caesium carbonate as a new recyclable solid base catalyst for the Knoevenagel condensation in water

• Monika Gupta,
• Rajive Gupta and
• Medha Anand

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2009, 5, No. 68, doi:10.3762/bjoc.5.68

• the Knoevenagel condensation includes modified hydrotalcites [22], amines [23][24], K2CO3 [25], Lewis acid catalysts [26][27][28] and ionic liquids [29]. There is a variety of procedures available for carrying out Knoevenagel condensation in green solvents. The Knoevenagel condensation is strongly

• carbonate. This appears to be a better catalyst but suffers from the disadvantages of both poor solubility in water and a low reaction rate. Recently, more emphasis has been laid on replacing toxic solvents with non-polluting green solvents such as water. Therefore we carried out the reaction with DDW as