Assessing the possibilities of designing a unified multistep continuous flow synthesis platform

• Mrityunjay K. Sharma,
• Roopashri B. Acharya,
• Chinmay A. Shukla and
• Amol A. Kulkarni

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1917–1936, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.166

• compounds [1][2][3][4][5][6], complex large molecular weight medicinal drugs [7][8][9][10][11][12], polymeric materials [13][14][15], nanomaterials (metallic, bimetallic, composites, metal oxides, etc.) [16][17][18], catalysts [7][19], etc. In the recent times, the applicability of this tool has been

Synthesis and photophysical studies of a multivalent photoreactive Ru^II-calix[4]arene complex bearing RGD-containing cyclopentapeptides

• Sofia Kajouj,
• Lionel Marcelis,
• Alice Mattiuzzi,
• Adrien Grassin,
• Damien Dufour,
• Pierre Van Antwerpen,
• Didier Boturyn,
• Eric Defrancq,
• Mathieu Surin,
• Julien De Winter,
• Pascal Gerbaux,
• Ivan Jabin and
• Cécile Moucheron

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1758–1768, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.150

• ), as these nanomaterials are known to catalyze efficiently a wide range of organic reactions and notably the azide–alkyne cycloaddition [79]. Calixarene 7 was reacted with a slight excess (5 equiv) of cyclopeptide 8 in the presence of CuNPs and the mixture was heated by microwave (100 W) at 50 °C for 1

• hour. The use of CuNPs greatly facilitated the monitoring of the reaction and the work-up, as these nanomaterials being easily removed from the crude mixture by simple centrifugation. To our delight, [Ru(TAP)2phen]2+-calix[4]arene-[c-(RGDfK)]4 conjugate 9 was isolated in 31% yield after purification by

One hundred years of benzotropone chemistry

• Arif Dastan,
• Haydar Kilic and
• Nurullah Saracoglu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1120–1180, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.98

Fluorogenic PNA probes

• Tirayut Vilaivan

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 253–281, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.17

• probes with nanomaterials as an external quencher. In addition, the uncharged backbone of PNA offers other unique designs, including the combination of PNA probes with cationic conjugated polymers that simultaneously act as a light harvesting antenna and fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET

• probes [129]. Combination of PNA probes with nanomaterials as external quenchers/FRET partners Graphene oxide (GO) has been used extensively in combination with dye-labeled DNA for fluorescence-based DNA/RNA sensing [130][131]. Although ssDNA interacts strongly with GO via a combination of multiple

• addition to GO, several other nanomaterials have been used as external quenchers in combination with labeled PNA probes for the fluorescent detection of DNA or RNA. WS2 nanosheets can selectively adsorb ssPNA and quench its fluorescence [147]. The addition of complementary DNA targets resulted in the

Main group mechanochemistry

• Agota A. Gečiauskaitė and
• Felipe García

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 2068–2077, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.204

• mechanochemical methods [72]. In the context of main group compounds, recent studies have highlighted efficient routes to: (i) alkaline earth carbides and their intercalation compounds, including the first successful synthesis of Mg2C3 from its elements [73][74]; (ii) nanomaterials, where main group elements act

Remarkable functions of sn-3 hydroxy and phosphocholine groups in 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerolipids to induce clockwise (+)-helicity around the 1,2-diacyl moiety: Evidence from conformation analysis by ¹H NMR spectroscopy

• Yoshihiro Nishida,
• Mengfei Yuan,
• Kazuo Fukuda,
• Kaito Fujisawa,
• Hirofumi Dohi and
• Hirotaka Uzawa

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1999–2009, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.196

• Yoshihiro Nishida Mengfei Yuan Kazuo Fukuda Kaito Fujisawa Hirofumi Dohi Hirotaka Uzawa Nanobiology Course in Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science & Molecular Chirality Research Center, Chiba University, Matsudo 271-8510, Chiba, Japan Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute

New bio-nanocomposites based on iron oxides and polysaccharides applied to oxidation and alkylation reactions

• Daily Rodríguez-Padrón,
• Alina M. Balu,
• Antonio A. Romero and
• Rafael Luque

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1982–1993, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.194

• potential applicability due to the extreme simplicity, cleanliness, reproducibility and versatility, haven been already demonstrated to be highly useful for the development of a range of advanced nanomaterials including metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), supported metal and metal oxide nanoparticles and

• inexpensively produced by microbes, plants, and animals, and constitute a green alternative to synthetic polymers in the preparation of nanomaterials, in order to ameliorate environmental issues [34]. Therefore, one of the objectives of this work was to investigate the catalytic behavior of nanocomposites based

• /C=C and C–O bonds. Also, the O 1s XPS spectra for the Fe2O3-PS4 and Fe2O3-PS4-MNP nanomaterials displayed two different peaks attributed to O–C and O–Fe, while for the TiO2-Fe2O3-PS4 nanocomposite contained three contributions related to O–C, O–Ti and O–Fe (see also Supporting Information File 1

Solid-state mechanochemical ω-functionalization of poly(ethylene glycol)

• Michael Y. Malca,
• Pierre-Olivier Ferko,
• Tomislav Friščić and
• Audrey Moores

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1963–1968, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.191

• manufacturing, drug development and nanotechnology. PEG derivatives are being increasingly used to covalently modify small molecule and peptide drugs, as well as bioactive nanomaterials in order to improve solubility in biological serum, reduce immunogenicity, and enhance pharmacokinetic profiles. Herein we

• being used to stabilize nanomaterials, allow their stable suspension in aqueous media, and interface them with biological systems [8][9][10]. Besides for its effects on solubility, PEG also creates a hydrodynamic barrier around the functionalized nanomaterial, allowing for reduced immunogenicity [11

• ], leading to significant improvements in blood circulation half-lives, decrease in clearance rates, and prolonged pharmacological effects [12][13][14]. Derivatives of PEG are often used to perform conjugation reactions on small molecule drugs, proteins, or bioactive nanomaterials [15]. Other methods include

Ni nanoparticles on RGO as reusable heterogeneous catalyst: effect of Ni particle size and intermediate composite structures in C–S cross-coupling reaction

• Debasish Sengupta,
• Koushik Bhowmik,
• Goutam De and
• Basudeb Basu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1796–1806, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.174

• single atomic layer of conjugated sp2 carbon atoms with a large contact area, can adopt several guest particles [28][29]. Reduced graphene oxide (RGO) with a high surface area can be easily dispersed in aqueous or non-aqueous media and can be mingled with other nanomaterials to produce stable

Biomimetic molecular design tools that learn, evolve, and adapt

• David A Winkler

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1288–1302, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.125

• characterization facility at CSIRO Manufacturing in Melbourne Australia. This can generate and test hundreds of polymers, nanomaterials, catalysts, or metal organic frameworks in a day. Clearly, certain types of chemistries (benzodiazepines, click reactions, etc.) are amenable to large chemical library synthesis

Correction: Fluorescent carbon dots from mono- and polysaccharides: synthesis, properties and applications

• Stephen Hill and
• M. Carmen Galan

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1136–1138, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.112

• Stephen Hill M. Carmen Galan School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK 10.3762/bjoc.13.112 Keywords: fluorescent carbon dots; monosaccharides; nanomaterials; nanotechnology applications; polysaccharides; Our original publication showns some errors in the

Glyco-gold nanoparticles: synthesis and applications

• Federica Compostella,
• Olimpia Pitirollo,
• Alessandro Silvestri and
• Laura Polito

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1008–1021, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.100

• resulting biological processes [3][4]. The increasing ability to manipulate material at the nanosize allowed the development of many glyco nanoparticles helpful in a wide range of applications, from the drug delivery to the imaging [5][6][7]. Among the large number of nanomaterials, gold is one of the main

• the nanomaterials. Moreover, when the metallic surface is decorated with an active target, the GAuNPs can act as a smart probe, even exploiting the multivalent effect. Several studies were focused on the investigation of synthetic techniques to improve saccharide density on the nanomaterial surface

• fundamental issue for the efficacy of these nanomaterials [68]. The use of stealth coatings is an effective strategy to decrease or inhibit the non-specific interaction with plasma proteins (the so called “protein corona”), that can modify GAuNP biological identity, affecting aggregation, and cellular uptake

Fluorescent carbon dots from mono- and polysaccharides: synthesis, properties and applications

• Stephen Hill and
• M. Carmen Galan

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 675–693, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.67

• Stephen Hill M. Carmen Galan School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK 10.3762/bjoc.13.67 Abstract Fluorescent carbon dots (FCDs) are an emerging class of nanomaterials made from carbon sources that have been hailed as potential non-toxic replacements to

• challenges. Keywords: fluorescent carbon dots; monosaccharides; nanomaterials; nanotechnology applications; polysaccharides; Introduction Nanotechnology applied to biological and biomedical problems has seen an explosion of research in recent years [1]. Functional nanomaterials that can carry biologically

• relevant molecules have become very useful for drug delivery, sensing and catalysis to name just a few applications. As a result, nanomaterials exhibiting novel electronic and optical properties, having controlled size, geometry, surface distribution and functionality have been developed as materials for

Organic chemistry meets polymers, nanoscience, therapeutics and diagnostics

• Vincent M. Rotello

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 1638–1646, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.161

• Vincent M. Rotello Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA 10.3762/bjoc.12.161 Abstract The atom-by-atom control provided by synthetic organic chemistry presents a means of generating new functional nanomaterials

Recent advances in metathesis-derived polymers containing transition metals in the side chain

• Ileana Dragutan,
• Valerian Dragutan,
• Bogdan C. Simionescu,
• Albert Demonceau and
• Helmut Fischer

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 2747–2762, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.296

• confer an optimal set of capabilities that recommend them for diverse emerging application areas, e.g., as electro-optical and magnetic devices, for energy storage, nanomaterials, sensing, catalytic and drug-delivery systems [6][12][13][14]. Numerous synthetic routes have been explored to achieve the

• electrochemistry, sensing, catalysis, nanomaterials, etc. [37][38][39][40]. Not surprisingly, therefore, attention of researchers has turned first on metallopolymers containing ferrocene [33][34][41][42][43]. Review Iron-containing polymers Following the first successful application of Mo–alkylidene catalysts by

• )(η6-C6Me6)][PF6] have been recently revealed as potential electron-transfer reagents provided with a high stability [45]. On extending their research to the areas of anion sensing and nanomaterials, the Astruc group accomplished an efficient synthesis, by ROMP with Grubbs 3rd generation catalyst, of

Urethane tetrathiafulvalene derivatives: synthesis, self-assembly and electrochemical properties

• Xiang Sun,
• Guoqiao Lai,
• Zhifang Li,
• Yuwen Ma,
• Xiao Yuan,
• Yongjia Shen and
• Chengyun Wang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 2343–2349, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.255

• In recent years, there has been an enormous increase of interest in functional organic nanomaterials, given that they are promising materials with a variety of applications including optoelectronic and bioelectronic devices [1][2]. The mechanism behind the formation of functional organic

• nanomaterials is generally accepted to be the self-assembly of supermolecules, which is constructed through weak noncovalent interactions such as π–π stacking, van der Waals interactions, charge transfer and H-bonding interactions [3][4][5][6]. Generally speaking, H-bonding interactions are the key

• tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), and the CT complexes of TTF derivatives and TCNQ exhibit high electrical conductivity [14][15][16]. Therefore, TTF derivatives are extensively used in the field of functional organic conductive nanomaterials. Herein, we designed and synthesized two compounds, T1 and T2, which contain TTF

Selected synthetic strategies to cyclophanes

• Sambasivarao Kotha,
• Mukesh E. Shirbhate and
• Gopalkrushna T. Waghule

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1274–1331, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.142

• and nanomaterials is a challenging task. Huang and co-workers [165] have reported a taco complex template method to synthesize a cryptand/paraquat [2]rotaxane and [2]catenane (e.g., 207) by using RCM as a key step. Structural features and interesting bioactivity of the hirsutellones have grabbed the

Detonation nanodiamonds biofunctionalization and immobilization to titanium alloy surfaces as first steps towards medical application

• Juliana P. L. Gonçalves,
• Afnan Q. Shaikh,
• Manuela Reitzig,
• Daria A. Kovalenko,
• Jan Michael,
• René Beutner,
• Gianaurelio Cuniberti,
• Dieter Scharnweber and
• Jörg Opitz

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2765–2773, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.293

• substrate. Keywords: biofunctionalization; carbon-nanomaterials; detonation nanodiamond; electrochemical immobilization; surface modification; titanium alloy; Introduction Detonation nanodiamonds (DND) are a promising carbon-derived nanoscale material, which has been investigated since some decades due to

Synthesis of nanodiamond derivatives carrying amino functions and quantification by a modified Kaiser test

• Gerald Jarre,
• Steffen Heyer,
• Elisabeth Memmel,
• Thomas Meinhardt and
• Anke Krueger

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2729–2737, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.288

• wet-chemical quantification method in cases where other techniques like elemental analysis fail due to unfavourable combustion behaviour of the analyte or other impediments. Keywords: amino groups; carbon nanomaterials; Diels–Alder reaction; Kaiser test; nanodiamond; pyrazine; Introduction Surface

• techniques, thermogravimetry and combustion (elemental) analysis are typically applied for the quantification of surface groups on nanomaterials. In most cases these methods yield reliable results and the obtained values are comparable for the different methods. However, it turned out that for some

• can be used for other nanoparticles with similar adsorption properties as well and represents a useful addition to the wet-chemical analysis of functional groups on nanomaterials. Experimental General chemicals and methods Detonation diamond has been purchased from Gansu Lingyun Corp. (Lanzhou, China

Synthesis and characterization of a hyper-branched water-soluble β-cyclodextrin polymer

• Francesco Trotta,
• Fabrizio Caldera,
• Roberta Cavalli,
• Andrea Mele,
• Carlo Punta,
• Lucio Melone,
• Franca Castiglione,
• Barbara Rossi,
• Monica Ferro,
• Vincenza Crupi,
• Domenico Majolino,
• Valentina Venuti and
• Dominique Scalarone

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2586–2593, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.271

• , gelation occurs. The same happens by using a lower amount of catalyst, if any. Nevertheless, many papers have been published regarding the so called CD nanosponges that are highly cross-linked CD polymers [15][16]. Recently a detailed investigation of these novel nanomaterials allowed to clarify some

Carbon nanomaterials

• Anke Krueger

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1785–1786, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.186

• Keywords: carbon allotropes; carbon nanomaterials; carbon-rich molecules; The era of carbon nanomaterials has started with the first reports on fullerenes and related compounds in the mid-eighties, and a tremendous increase of the research activity in the field has been observed ever since. New classes of

• of understanding the properties and chemistry of carbon nanomaterials has opened a whole new world of applications for nanomaterials in general. The reliable production of a material represents a necessary requirement for the development of a research field. By now, all types of carbon nanomaterials

• , catalysis, electronic and optoelectronic as well as biomedical applications. The present Thematic Series attempts to showcase the diversity in the field of carbon nanomaterials and carbon-rich compounds and to emphasize the links between the different classes of materials. Contributions from synthetic

Aryl substitution of pentacenes

• Andreas R. Waterloo,
• Anna-Chiara Sale,
• Dan Lehnherr,
• Frank Hampel and
• Rik R. Tykwinski

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1692–1705, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.178

• unsymmetrical substitution on the solid-state packing of the pentacene derivatives. The obtained results add to our ability to better predict substitution patterns that might be helpful for designing new semiconductors for use in solid-state devices. Keywords: carbon-nanomaterials; organic semiconductor

Improving the reactivity of phenylacetylene macrocycles toward topochemical polymerization by side chains modification

• Simon Rondeau-Gagné,
• Jules Roméo Néabo,
• Maxime Daigle,
• Katy Cantin and
• Jean-François Morin

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1613–1619, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.167

• the xerogel state to form polydiacetylenes (PDAs), leading to a significant enhancement of the polymerization yields. The organogels and the PDAs were characterized using Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Keywords: carbon nanomaterials; organogels

Multichromophoric sugar for fluorescence photoswitching

• Stéphane Maisonneuve,
• Rémi Métivier,
• Pei Yu,
• Keitaro Nakatani and
• Juan Xie

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1471–1481, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.151

• photo resistance. Keywords: click chemistry; energy transfer; fluorophore; monosaccharide; photochromism; Introduction The development of functional nanomaterials is nowadays a very attractive field of fundamental and applied research. The chemical functions at the molecular level yield properties

Glycosystems in nanotechnology: Gold glyconanoparticles as carrier for anti-HIV prodrugs

• Fabrizio Chiodo,
• Marco Marradi,
• Javier Calvo,
• Eloisa Yuste and
• Soledad Penadés

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1339–1346, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.136

• Fabrizio Chiodo Marco Marradi Javier Calvo Eloisa Yuste Soledad Penades Laboratory of GlycoNanotechnology, Biofunctional Nanomaterials Unit, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramón 182, 20009, San Sebastián, Spain Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Paseo

• . Some of these nanomaterials like polymeric nanoparticles, lipid nanoparticles and nanofibers have shown the ability to improve solubility, stability and permeability of anti-HIV drugs [9][10], but also to reduce the viral load by the activation of latently infected CD4+ T-cells [11]. Gold nanoparticles

• nanoparticles that showed surprisingly anti-HIV activity, probably due to the high-local concentration of the drug derivative on the gold surface. Other inorganic nanomaterials have also been explored as carriers for therapeutic drugs against HIV. For example, silver nanoparticles coated with poly(vinyl