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Search for "nitric acid" in Full Text gives 44 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry.

Cross-dehydrogenative coupling for the intermolecular C–O bond formation

  • Igor B. Krylov,
  • Vera A. Vil’ and
  • Alexander O. Terent’ev

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 92–146, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.13

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Published 20 Jan 2015

Detonation nanodiamonds biofunctionalization and immobilization to titanium alloy surfaces as first steps towards medical application

  • Juliana P. L. Gonçalves,
  • Afnan Q. Shaikh,
  • Manuela Reitzig,
  • Daria A. Kovalenko,
  • Jan Michael,
  • René Beutner,
  • Gianaurelio Cuniberti,
  • Dieter Scharnweber and
  • Jörg Opitz

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2765–2773, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.293

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  • were used and were ground down to a grain size of P500. Sample etching in a mixed solution of 1 M nitric acid (HNO3) and 0.4 M hydrofluoric acid at room temperature was carried out for 2 min. This was followed by ultrasonic cleaning in sterile deionized water for 30 min. Suspension of functionalized
  • aminosilanized DND 6 adsorbed to the air-formed passive layer of Ti6Al7Nb sample followed by anodic polarization (60 V, 50 mA/cm2). Overview on applied modification techniques to obtain DND with phosphate groups; conditions and reagents: (i) Sulfuric acid and nitric acid solution (9:1), 80 °C, 24 h (ii) O
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Published 26 Nov 2014

Continuous flow nitration in miniaturized devices

  • Amol A. Kulkarni

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 405–424, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.38

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  • organic compound [1]. Among the earliest reports are those of Faraday nitrating benzene, the synthesis of nitrobenzene by Mitscherlich [2] using benzene and fuming nitric acid, and the use of mixed acids (nitric acid and sulfuric acid) for aromatic nitration by Mansfield [3]. In general, nitration
  • world production of nitric acid in 2012 is assumed to be close to 78 Mi TPA, of which 85% is used for the production of ammonium nitrate as fertilizer and 6% for production of nylon. The remaining 9% – that is about 8 Mi TPA – are used for the nitration of aromatics [7]. Nitro derivatives of aromatic
  • compounds are used in variety of basic chemicals, specialty chemicals, and knowledge chemicals. They are also employed in dyes, perfumes, pharmaceuticals, explosives [8], intermediates, colorants, and pesticides. In general, the annual demand for nitric acid grows in the range of 3 to 6%. A large proportion
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Published 14 Feb 2014

Continuous-flow Heck synthesis of 4-methoxybiphenyl and methyl 4-methoxycinnamate in supercritical carbon dioxide expanded solvent solutions

  • Phei Li Lau,
  • Ray W. K. Allen and
  • Peter Styring

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 2886–2897, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.325

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  • clean (acid-washed) tube and 6 mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid and 2 mL of concentrated nitric acid were added. The sample was placed in a dri-block which was thermostatically controlled with the temperature gradually raised to 150 °C. The sample was then maintained at this temperature for 1 hour
  • . After this digestion period, the sample was left to cool and quantitatively transferred to a 50 mL tube and topped up to 50 mL with 1% nitric acid. The element of interest (palladium) was measured against a calibrated sample prepared from known standards. The sample was introduced to the instrument
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Published 17 Dec 2013

An overview of the synthetic routes to the best selling drugs containing 6-membered heterocycles

  • Marcus Baumann and
  • Ian R. Baxendale

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 2265–2319, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.265

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  • via a condensation between acetaldehyde and ammonia, nitric acid mediated oxidation then converts this to nicotinic acid (1.12) [24]. Although the initial pyridine formation is high yielding, this process is not without environmental issues due to the large excess of nitric acid and high temperatures
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Published 30 Oct 2013

Efficient continuous-flow synthesis of novel 1,2,3-triazole-substituted β-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid derivatives with gram-scale production

  • Sándor B. Ötvös,
  • Ádám Georgiádes,
  • István M. Mándity,
  • Lóránd Kiss and
  • Ferenc Fülöp

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 1508–1516, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.172

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  • soaking in solutions of trace-metal-grade nitric acid and hydrochloric acid (Suprapur, Merck), followed by rinsing with copious amounts of doubly deionized water. General procedure for the CF reactions An H-Cube® system was used as a CF reactor in the “no H2” mode. For the CF reactions, the catalyst bed
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Published 29 Jul 2013

Metal-free aerobic oxidations mediated by N-hydroxyphthalimide. A concise review

  • Lucio Melone and
  • Carlo Punta

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 1296–1310, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.146

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  • proceeded under 1 atmosphere of O2 alone, without any additional initiator being required. Radical initiation by redox processes Nitrogen oxides and nitric acid The PINO activation by means of nitric oxide was first reported by Ishii et al. in 1997 [22]. By reacting adamantane in a mixed solvent of
  • reported the efficient air-assisted nitration of alkanes [24] and alkyl side-chain aromatic compounds [25] by nitrogen dioxide and nitric acid, under NHPI catalysis (Scheme 8). Both HNO3 and NO2 are able to promote the formation of PINO according to path (a) and (b) reported in Scheme 9. These initiation
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Published 02 Jul 2013

Simple and rapid hydrogenation of p-nitrophenol with aqueous formic acid in catalytic flow reactors

  • Rahat Javaid,
  • Shin-ichiro Kawasaki,
  • Akira Suzuki and
  • Toshishige M. Suzuki

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 1156–1163, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.129

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  • demonstrates the robustness of the present catalytic reactors. Experimental Materials and reagents Reagent-grade formic acid (HCO2H, 98%), p-nitrophenol, palladium acetate [Pd(CH3COO)2], silver nitrate (AgNO3), disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate (EDTA–Na2), ammonia (NH3, 28%), hydrazine monohydrate, nitric
  • acid (HNO3, 60%) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 30%) were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd. and were used without further purification. Fabrication of tubular reactors A double-layered tube (o.d. 1.6 mm, i.d. 0.5 mm, length 100 cm) composed of Inconel 625 and titanium (Ti) inner layer
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Published 14 Jun 2013

Self-assembled organic–inorganic magnetic hybrid adsorbent ferrite based on cyclodextrin nanoparticles

  • Ângelo M. L. Denadai,
  • Frederico B. De Sousa,
  • Joel J. Passos,
  • Fernando C. Guatimosim,
  • Kirla D. Barbosa,
  • Ana E. Burgos,
  • Fernando Castro de Oliveira,
  • Jeann C. da Silva,
  • Bernardo R. A. Neves,
  • Nelcy D. S. Mohallem and
  • Rubén D. Sinisterra

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 1867–1876, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.215

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  • aqueous suspension of the ferrites, in which the solutions were tuned by using nitric acid or sodium hydroxide. These curves demonstrated that the zeta potential values are negative under the studied experimental conditions, and a pH dependency was also verified, once the ZP values become more negative
  • values was calculated by ten independent measurements, each one obtained as the mean of 30 counts. ZP values were measured as a function of pH to evaluate the colloidal stability and these measurements were recorded by using different concentrations of nitric acid or sodium hydroxide. ZP titrations were
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Published 01 Nov 2012

Chemistry of polyhalogenated nitrobutadienes, 10: Synthesis of highly functionalized heterocycles with a rigid 6-amino-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane moiety

  • Viktor A. Zapol’skii,
  • Jan C. Namyslo,
  • Armin de Meijere and
  • Dieter E. Kaufmann

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 621–628, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.69

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  • nucleophilic substitution reactions as described above, it was of interest to incorporate a persubstituted diene unit as in 3 and 4 into a heterocycle. For example, the isothiazole 17 was obtained from the nitrodiene 3 upon treatment with elemental sulfur at 200 °C [23]. Subsequent reaction with fuming nitric
  • acid provided the dichloroisothiazolocarboxylic acid 18 [24], which could be easily converted with thionyl chloride to the corresponding acid chloride 19 (93% yield). The latter smoothly reacted with the azabicyclohexane derivatives 1 and 2 to provide the corresponding amides 20 and 21, respectively
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Published 23 Apr 2012

Enaminones in a multicomponent synthesis of 4-aryldihydropyridines for potential applications in photoinduced intramolecular electron-transfer systems

  • Nouria A. Al-Awadi,
  • Maher R. Ibrahim,
  • Mohamed H. Elnagdi,
  • Elizabeth John and
  • Yehia A. Ibrahim

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 441–447, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.50

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  • -piperidinoacrylonitrile (13) with the appropriate aldehyde and primary amine under the same reaction conditions (A, B) (Scheme 4). Compounds 2a–c and 6a were readily oxidized to the corresponding pyridine derivatives 15a–d by stirring in aqueous nitric acid (70%) at 5 °C to room temperature (Scheme 5). The X-ray
  • and enaminone 8. Synthesis of dihydropyridines from an enamino aldehyde, an enamino ester and an enaminonitrile. Nitric acid oxidation of dihydropyridines 2a–c and 6a. Synthesis of dihydropyridine derivatives 2a–o, reaction conditions and % yield. The absorption and fluorescence of 6a–f, 7a,b, 2j and
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Published 26 Mar 2012

Facile synthesis of nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-mannopyranosides from ManNAc-oxazoline

  • Karel Křenek,
  • Petr Šimon,
  • Lenka Weignerová,
  • Barbora Fliedrová,
  • Marek Kuzma and
  • Vladimír Křen

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 428–432, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.48

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  • its reactivity in the glycosylation reaction with oxazoline and, on the other hand, the presence of electron-donating groups increases the yields. The resulting phenyl glycoside 4 was treated with a solution of red fuming nitric acid in acetic acid [16], producing a mixture of o-nitrophenyl glycoside
  • -mannopyranoside (6): Compound 4 (1.1 g, 2.59 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of acetic anhydride (10 mL) and glacial acetic acid (2 mL). The solution was cooled to 0 °C in an ice bath, and red fuming nitric acid (≥99.5%, 0.5 mL) was added in one portion under stirring. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight
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Published 20 Mar 2012

Synthesis and oxidation of some azole-containing thioethers

  • Andrei S. Potapov,
  • Nina P. Chernova,
  • Vladimir D. Ogorodnikov,
  • Tatiana V. Petrenko and
  • Andrei I. Khlebnikov

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 1526–1532, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.179

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  • unreactive compound 5. The reactivity of pyrazole-containing thioether 3 in aromatic electrophilic substitution was evaluated by using nitration and iodination reactions as examples. Nitration of compound 3, by 68% nitric acid in concentrated sulfuric acid, results in both substitution in the heterocyclic
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Published 16 Nov 2011

Continuous preparation of carbon-nanotube-supported platinum catalysts in a flow reactor directly heated by electric current

  • Alicja Schlange,
  • Antonio Rodolfo dos Santos,
  • Ulrich Kunz and
  • Thomas Turek

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 1412–1420, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.165

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  • CNTs starts to decompose at lower temperature. The thermal degradation of HNO3-treated CNTs in the temperature range between 150 to 350 °C is caused by the decomposition of the carboxylic groups attached to the surface during the nitric acid treatment. A weight loss of 4.69% in this temperature region
  • with 37 wt % HCl at 100 °C for 5 h to remove any impurities remaining after the production process. In the next step the purified nanotubes were refluxed with 1 L of concentrated nitric acid (65 wt %) for 5 h under a nitrogen atmosphere. After each acid treatment the product was cooled down, filtered
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Published 14 Oct 2011

Scaling up of continuous-flow, microwave-assisted, organic reactions by varying the size of Pd-functionalized catalytic monoliths

  • Ping He,
  • Stephen J. Haswell,
  • Paul D. I. Fletcher,
  • Stephen M. Kelly and
  • Andrew Mansfield

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 1150–1157, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.133

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  • from the flowing reaction solutions to the catalytic surface. In addition, they must be mechanically strong enough to withstand the pressures required to drive fluid through the monolithic structure at the required flow rate. Silica monoliths were synthesized from PEO, tetraethoxysilane and nitric acid
  • %), 4-carboxyphenylboronic acid (97%), poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) with average relative molar mass of 100 kDa, tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), N,N-dimethylformamide (99%, DMF), dichloromethane (99%, DCM), ammonium hydroxide (5 N) and nitric acid aqueous solutions (1 N) were purchased from Aldrich. All
  • prepared using a sol–gel process described in the literature [24]. The desired amount of PEO was added to an aqueous solution of nitric acid and the resultant mixture was cooled in an ice bath and stirred until a homogeneous solution formed. TEOS was then added to the reaction mixture, which was stirred
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Published 23 Aug 2011

Tribenzotriquinacenes bearing three peripheral or bridgehead urea groups stretched into the 3-D space

  • Jörg Tellenbröker and
  • Dietmar Kuck

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 329–337, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.43

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  • Discussion As shown earlier, introduction of six amino groups at the periphery of the TBTQ skeleton is achievable by nitration with nitric acid (100%) and sulfuric acid (98%) followed by reduction [20]. However, this holds true only for TBTQ derivatives with alkyl groups at the benzhydrylic bridgehead
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Published 18 Mar 2011

Hybrid biofunctional nanostructures as stimuli-responsive catalytic systems

  • Gernot U. Marten,
  • Thorsten Gelbrich and
  • Annette M. Schmidt

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, 922–931, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.98

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  • -Methoxyethyl methacrylate (MEMA, Aldrich, 99%) was distilled under reduced pressure and stored under argon. Nitric acid (conc., p.a., Merck) was diluted with distilled water resulting in a 2 N solution. Succinimidyl methacrylate (SIMA) was synthesized by a method by Gatz et al [26][60]. Synthesis and
  • nanoparticles were stirred with 420 mL 2 N nitric acid for 5 min. After washing with distilled water, 90 mL 0.01 N citric acid (CA) was added to the nanoparticles and stirred for 5 min. The particles were magnetically separated from the supernatant and 15 mL of tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide aqueous solution
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Published 16 Sep 2010
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  • mixture (5 mL) of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid (3:1, v:v) at 100 °C for 4 h. The resulting solution was diluted to 50 mL with distilled water and analyzed by ICP-AES. The Pd loading was determined to be 0.1 mmol/g. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) When the reaction was completed
  • , the catalyst was filtered and washed with ether (3 × 5 mL). The combined organic phase was evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was heated in a crucible at 600 °C and ignition continued until constant weight and the residue treated with a mixture (5 mL) of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid
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Published 28 Jun 2010

Shelf-stable electrophilic trifluoromethylating reagents: A brief historical perspective

  • Norio Shibata,
  • Andrej Matsnev and
  • Dominique Cahard

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, No. 65, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.65

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  • triflate generated in situ from nitric acid and triflic anhydride [12]. For example, mononitro-substituted thiophenium salt 9 was obtained after overnight stirring with nitronium triflate in nitromethane at room temperature, whereas treatment for 3 days in the absence of solvent gave the dinitro
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Published 16 Jun 2010
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