Interactions of cyclodextrins and their derivatives with toxic organophosphorus compounds

• Sophie Letort,
• Sébastien Balieu,
• William Erb,
• Géraldine Gouhier and
• François Estour

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 204–228, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.23

• prevent their hydrolysis and photodegradation. Thus, many studies were performed to rationalise the outcome of the reaction between CDs and organophosphorus pesticides (compounds 10–13, Figure 4). The influence of CDs on the hydrolysis rate of parathion (10, Figure 4), methyl parathion (11, Figure 4) and

• expand the size of the cavities, resulting in a better hydrolysis inhibition of the pesticides through its deeper inclusion. The formation of inclusion complexes can also modulate the organophosphorus photodegradation rates, but the results strongly depend on the host–guest systems [59][60] (Table 5

• effect of CDs, probably due to a higher steric hindrance around the torus. Later, the effect of native cyclodextrins on the photodegradation of organophosphorus pesticides was evaluated in water containing humic acids [61]. In these conditions, the three native CDs promote the photodegradation of the

Preparative semiconductor photoredox catalysis: An emerging theme in organic synthesis

• David W. Manley and
• John C. Walton

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1570–1582, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.173

• result many different classes of organic (and inorganic) pollutants have been shown to undergo photodegradation. Degradative applications of TiO2 semiconductor photoredox catalysis (SCPC) have become important measures for environmental remediation. Organic and inorganic pollutants present in water, soil

Solution processable diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) cored small molecules with BODIPY end groups as novel donors for organic solar cells

• Diego Cortizo-Lacalle,
• Calvyn T. Howells,
• Upendra K. Pandey,
• Joseph Cameron,
• Neil J. Findlay,
• Anto Regis Inigo,
• Tell Tuttle,
• Peter J. Skabara and
• Ifor D. W. Samuel

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2683–2695, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.283

• core. The dark and illuminated J–V curves corresponding to these EQE spectra are shown in Figure 10 and Figure 11, respectively. It is important to mention that we noticed an issue concerning the photodegradation of these materials. We have not provided any quantitative analysis of this phenomenon as

An integrated photocatalytic/enzymatic system for the reduction of CO₂ to methanol in bioglycerol–water

• Michele Aresta,
• Angela Dibenedetto,
• Tomasz Baran,
• Antonella Angelini,
• Przemysław Łabuz and
• Wojciech Macyk

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2556–2565, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.267

• photodegradation of environmental pollutants [8][9]. Most interesting is that photocatalysis may play a relevant role in the conversion of large quantities of CO2 into fuel by using water or waste organics as the hydrogen source [7][10][11]. Therefore, integrated photochemical CO2 reduction/organic oxidation and

Photo, thermal and chemical degradation of riboflavin

• Muhammad Ali Sheraz,
• Sadia Hafeez Kazi,
• Sofia Ahmed,
• Zubair Anwar and
• Iqbal Ahmad

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1999–2012, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.208

• general scheme for the photodegradation of RF is presented. Keywords: chemical degradation; degradation products; photodegradation; riboflavin; stability; thermal degradation; Review The study of photo, thermal and chemical degradation in the stability of drugs is one of the most concerned areas in the

• degradation products which could be harmful to the human body. However, not every drug shows similar behavior when exposed to unfavorable conditions, e.g., nifedepine [2] and cyanocobalamin [3] degrade rapidly on exposure to light whereas ephedrine [4] shows a slower rate of photodegradation. Information

• [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. Some of the products reported earlier [14][20][34] still need to be identified. In the presence of divalent anions, such as phosphate (HPO42–) and sulfate (SO42–), the photodegradation of RF leads to the formation of

Studies on the photodegradation of red, green and blue phosphorescent OLED emitters

• Susanna Schmidbauer,
• Andreas Hohenleutner and
• Burkhard König

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 2088–2096, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.245

• Susanna Schmidbauer Andreas Hohenleutner Burkhard Konig Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany 10.3762/bjoc.9.245 Abstract The photodegradation behavior of four well-established iridium emitters was investigated. Irradiation of

• solvents are discussed for the different investigated iridium complexes. Some of the resulting degradation products could be identified by using LC–MS or other analytical techniques. The results show how even small structural changes can have a huge influence on rate and mechanism of the photodegradation

• states that are accessible via annihilation reactions [14][15] or thermal population [16]. Investigations on the photodegradation of these compounds could therefore potentially provide valuable information on the processes that are responsible for the limited stability of phosphorescent OLEDs. In a

Damage of polyesters by the atmospheric free radical oxidant NO₃^•: a product study involving model systems

• Catrin Goeschen and
• Uta Wille

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 1907–1916, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.225

• these materials. Is it possible that such reactions could lead to structural modifications in the polymer that may render the material more susceptible to further damage, for example through photodegradation and/or autoxidation? To our knowledge, the role of environmental free-radical oxidants as

Cyclodextrin-based nanosponges as drug carriers

• Francesco Trotta,
• Marco Zanetti and
• Roberta Cavalli

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 2091–2099, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.235

• industry. Its application is limited by its high instability and photodegradation. Gamma-oryzanol was encapsulated in nanosponges, showing a good protection from photodegradation. A gel and an O/W emulsion were formulated with the gamma-oryzanol-loaded nanosponges [49]. In vitro permeability and

Ratiometric fluorescent probe for enantioselective detection of D-cysteine in aqueous solution

• Xiao-bo Zhou,
• Wing-Hong Chan,
• Albert W. M. Lee and
• Chi-Chung Yeung

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 1508–1515, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.176

• documented [22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. As an improved sensing device, a ratiometric fluorescence probe monitors the emission intensities at two different wavelengths, which should provide a built-in correction for instrumental defects and photodegradation of sensing materials. In this context, a few

Green oxidations: Titanium dioxide induced tandem oxidation coupling reactions

• Vineet Jeena and
• Ross S. Robinson

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2009, 5, No. 24, doi:10.3762/bjoc.5.24

• absorbers in sunscreen lotions [3]. Its popularity stems from its inertness, low cost, and chemical stability under irradiation [4]. In the laboratory, its utility has been extended to the photodegradation of pesticides [5] and carcinogenic dyes [6], to sterilization against bacteria [7]. From a synthetic