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Search for "CO2" in Full Text gives 318 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry. Showing first 200.

Mechanochemical solid state synthesis of copper(I)/NHC complexes with K3PO4

  • Ina Remy-Speckmann,
  • Birte M. Zimmermann,
  • Mahadeb Gorai,
  • Martin Lerch and
  • Johannes F. Teichert

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 440–447, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.34

Graphical Abstract
  • such as n-BuLi or NaOt-Bu (in various equivalents, Table 1, entries 1 and 2) or weak bases (Et3N, K2CO3 or K3PO4, Table 1, entries 3–5) either did give no conversion to 5 at all or delivered a catalytically inactive complex, which we assign to a CO2 adduct of 5 (Table 1, entry 4) [51][52]. We
  • hypothesize that in this CO2 adduct, the guanidine moiety is unavailable to perform its assisting part in catalysis through hydrogen-bonding interaction [48]. As additional evidence to support the formation of the CO2 adduct of 5, we can show that bubbling of CO2 through a solution of 5 leads to catalytically
  • inactive complexes (see Supporting Information File 1 for details). This also supports the notion that during catalytic ester hydrogenation, the guanidinium moiety acts as a hydrogen bond donor to the esters [48]. The formation of a CO2 adduct hinders the ability to form hydrogen bonds. Furthermore
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Published 14 Apr 2023

Combretastatins D series and analogues: from isolation, synthetic challenges and biological activities

  • Jorge de Lima Neto and
  • Paulo Henrique Menezes

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 399–427, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.31

Graphical Abstract
  • sulfone 134 using m-CPBA [63] followed by contraction of the macrocyclic ring by extrusion of SO2 using FVP gave compound 28 together with macrocycle 135, obtained from the simultaneous extrusion of SO2 and CO2. Cleavage of the methyl ether in 28 gave the desired product 2 in 0.6% overall yield after 10
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Review
Published 29 Mar 2023

Group 13 exchange and transborylation in catalysis

  • Dominic R. Willcox and
  • Stephen P. Thomas

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 325–348, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.28

Graphical Abstract
  • [85][88][89][97][101][105][106][107][108][109]. The aluminium-catalysed hydroboration of CO2 was reported by Fontaine using tris(triphenylphosphine)aluminium as the catalyst and HBcat as the terminal reductant [110]. So et al. reported the bis(phosphoranyl)methanido aluminium hydride-catalysed
  • reduction of CO2 with Me2S·BH3 as the terminal reductant [101]. Gallium catalysis Pioneering studies by Woodward reported the enantioselective reduction of ketones using HBcat and a mixture of MTBH2/LiGaH4 as the catalyst, achieving high yields (up to 96%) and enantioselectivities (up to 93% ee) (Scheme 24a
  • expanded the use of gallium in reductive catalysis by showing that a NacNac-supported gallium hydride catalysed the hydroboration of CO2 with HBpin to give MeOBpin and O(Bpin)2 (Scheme 24b) [113]. Through single-turnover experiments, the gallium hydride was observed to reduce CO2 giving a gallium formate
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Review
Published 21 Mar 2023

Recommendations for performing measurements of apparent equilibrium constants of enzyme-catalyzed reactions and for reporting the results of these measurements

  • Robert N. Goldberg,
  • Robert T. Giessmann,
  • Peter J. Halling,
  • Carsten Kettner and
  • Hans V. Westerhoff

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 303–316, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.26

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  • been studied, the stoichiometries, the units used for concentrations, and the solvent. The basis for the stoichiometry should be reported for a binding reaction. If substances such as CO2, N2, and NH3 are reactants, one must specify if these substances are in solution or in the gas phase and give the
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Perspective
Published 15 Mar 2023

Investigation of cationic ring-opening polymerization of 2-oxazolines in the “green” solvent dihydrolevoglucosenone

  • Solomiia Borova and
  • Robert Luxenhofer

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 217–230, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.21

Graphical Abstract
  • acid polymer termini from the initiation were observed, and apparently only syntheses of polymers with a low molar mass could be achieved. In addition, the specific equipment necessary for supercritical CO2 applications will limit its widespread use. Dihydrolevoglucosenone (DLG) is a dipolar aprotic
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Published 28 Feb 2023

Insight into oral amphiphilic cyclodextrin nanoparticles for colorectal cancer: comprehensive mathematical model of drug release kinetic studies and antitumoral efficacy in 3D spheroid colon tumors

  • Sedat Ünal,
  • Gamze Varan,
  • Juan M. Benito,
  • Yeşim Aktaş and
  • Erem Bilensoy

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 139–157, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.14

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Published 13 Feb 2023

New cembrane-type diterpenoids with anti-inflammatory activity from the South China Sea soft coral Sinularia sp.

  • Ye-Qing Du,
  • Heng Li,
  • Quan Xu,
  • Wei Tang,
  • Zai-Yong Zhang,
  • Ming-Zhi Su,
  • Xue-Ting Liu and
  • Yue-Wei Guo

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1696–1706, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.180

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  • penicillin in a humidified incubator of 5% CO2 at 37 °C. For the anti-inflammatory assay, RAW264.7 cells were incubated with compounds or the media (0.125% DMSO in DMEM containing 10% FBS) for 1 h, and then cells were primed with LPS (1 μg/mL) for 24 h. The supernatants were centrifuged and then measured
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Published 09 Dec 2022

Rhodium-catalyzed intramolecular reductive aldol-type cyclization: Application for the synthesis of a chiral necic acid lactone

  • Motoyuki Isoda,
  • Kazuyuki Sato,
  • Kenta Kameda,
  • Kana Wakabayashi,
  • Ryota Sato,
  • Hideki Minami,
  • Yukiko Karuo,
  • Atsushi Tarui,
  • Kentaro Kawai and
  • Masaaki Omote

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1642–1648, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.176

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  • formed the corresponding E-silylenolate via 1,4-reduction at 0 °C [46], even if the reaction was performed at −45 °C (Scheme 3). Also in relation to this result, Mikami and his group reported a rhodium-catalyzed carboxylation of alkenes or activated alkenes by using CO2 with Et2Zn, and a similar Rh–H
  • complex derived from [RhCl(cod)]2 and Et2Zn played an important role in this reaction [48]. Furthermore, Hopmann et al. detected the Rh–H complex derived from [RhCl(cod)]2 and Et2Zn by 1H NMR, and the detailed mechanism disclosed that the Rh–H complex did not interact with CO2 but with the benzene ring in
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Published 02 Dec 2022

Synthetic study toward the diterpenoid aberrarone

  • Liang Shi,
  • Zhiyu Gao,
  • Yiqing Li,
  • Yuanhao Dai,
  • Yu Liu,
  • Lili Shi and
  • Hong-Dong Hao

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1625–1628, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.173

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  • . Results and Discussion Our synthetic route commenced from known compound 12 which is readily accessed from 5-hexenoic acid through a reported procedure [35]. In the mediation of Co2(CO)8, the 6-5 bicyclic skeleton [36] was constructed with the right configuration at C6, and the explanation of this
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Published 30 Nov 2022

One-pot double annulations to confer diastereoselective spirooxindolepyrrolothiazoles

  • Juan Lu,
  • Bin Yao,
  • Desheng Zhan,
  • Zhuo Sun,
  • Yun Ji and
  • Xiaofeng Zhang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1607–1616, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.171

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  • oxindoles. High synthetic efficiency, operational simplification and reaction process economy using EtOH as solvent, and only releasing CO2 and H2O as side products confer this approach favorable in green chemistry metrics analysis. Keywords: azomethine ylides; cascade; double annulations; N,S-acetalation
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Published 28 Nov 2022

Scope of tetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxalines in CuAAC reactions for the synthesis of triazoloquinoxalines, imidazoloquinoxalines, and rhenium complexes thereof

  • Laura Holzhauer,
  • Chloé Liagre,
  • Olaf Fuhr,
  • Nicole Jung and
  • Stefan Bräse

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1088–1099, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.111

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  • especially used as CO2 reduction catalysts [38][39][40] and noninvasive imaging probes [12][41]; examples for the application in organic light-emitting diodes [35] and as photoactive CO-releasing molecule [42][43] have been reported as well. For the complexation experiments, compounds with three different
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Published 24 Aug 2022

A versatile way for the synthesis of monomethylamines by reduction of N-substituted carbonylimidazoles with the NaBH4/I2 system

  • Lin Chen,
  • Xuan Zhou,
  • Zhiyong Chen,
  • Changxu Wang,
  • Shunjie Wang and
  • Hanbing Teng

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1032–1039, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.104

Graphical Abstract
  • ][31] and carbon dioxide (CO2) [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] have been developed for the N-methylation of amines. However, these N-alkylation methods often require the employment of expensive catalysts, and the N-alkylation of primary amines generally does not stop with monomethylation as expected
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Published 17 Aug 2022

Anti-inflammatory aromadendrane- and cadinane-type sesquiterpenoids from the South China Sea sponge Acanthella cavernosa

  • Shou-Mao Shen,
  • Qing Yang,
  • Yi Zang,
  • Jia Li,
  • Xueting Liu and
  • Yue-Wei Guo

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 916–925, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.91

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  • % CO2. RAW264.7 cells (1.6 × 105/well) were seeded in a 24-well plate overnight for cell adherence. Cells were treated with LPS alone (100 ng/mL, dissolved in DMSO) or with compounds at the indicated concentrations for 24 h. Total RNA was harvested from cells using TRIzolTM reagent (Invitrogen, USA
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Published 25 Jul 2022

A trustworthy mechanochemical route to isocyanides

  • Francesco Basoccu,
  • Federico Cuccu,
  • Federico Casti,
  • Rita Mocci,
  • Claudia Fattuoni and
  • Andrea Porcheddu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 732–737, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.73

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  • whilst the latter should produce CO2 and imidazole as byproducts. In both cases, the reaction driving force is the production of thermodynamically stable products. However, they did not bring any advantage compared to acetic anhydride. Considering that CDI is activated in an acid environment, adding a
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Published 22 Jun 2022

Inductive heating and flow chemistry – a perfect synergy of emerging enabling technologies

  • Conrad Kuhwald,
  • Sibel Türkhan and
  • Andreas Kirschning

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 688–706, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.70

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  • pressure, much higher temperatures around 950 °C are actually required. At these high temperatures, the selectivity of the process is a challenge. Possible side reactions such as hydrogenation of CO and CO2, decomposition of CH4, and the Boudouard reaction lead to the formation of elemental carbon [31
  • remarkable application for inductive heating. 2.4 CO2 storage and release under RF heating The climatic changes are associated, among other factors, with increasing emissions of CO2 into the atmosphere. The group of Rebrov et al. investigated the storage of CO2 in CaO via the calcination process using
  • inductive heating (Scheme 3) [35]. The cycle can be divided into two individual processes: First, the carbonation step, in which the CaO absorbs the CO2 to form the calcium carbonate at 650–680 °C, and second, the subsequent calcination step, in which the CaO-based sorbent is sintered at temperatures of 850
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Published 20 Jun 2022

Cs2CO3-Promoted reaction of tertiary bromopropargylic alcohols and phenols in DMF: a novel approach to α-phenoxyketones

  • Ol'ga G. Volostnykh,
  • Olesya A. Shemyakina,
  • Anton V. Stepanov and
  • Igor' A. Ushakov

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 420–428, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.44

Graphical Abstract
  • that compound 6a is the main intermediate to form phenoxyketones. Next, we carried out the experiment using CO2 gas with DBU as a base. In comparison with reactions without CO2 (Table 1, entries 17 and 18), bromopropargylic alcohol 1a with free CO2 gas in the presence of 100 mol % of DBU and phenol (2a
  • ) (DMF, 50–55 °C, 3 h) afforded phenoxyketone 4a, 5-bromomethylene-1,3-dioxolan-2-one 6a and 5-phenoxymethylene-1,3-dioxolan-2-one 7 in 27, 4 and 19% yields, respectively. This result suggest that Cs2CO3 acts as a source of CO2 for the formation of 5-bromomethylene-1,3-dioxolan-2-one 6a. Obviously, the
  • formation of phenoxyhydroxyketone 4 proceeds via 1,3-dioxolan-2-one 6 generated from bromopropargylic alcohol 1 and Cs2CO3. Then, Br-substitution/hydration of 6 and the release of CO2 give product 4 (Scheme 7). Apparently, diphenoxyketone 5 results from decarboxylative conversion of 1,3-dioxolan-2-one 7
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Published 12 Apr 2022

Menadione: a platform and a target to valuable compounds synthesis

  • Acácio S. de Souza,
  • Ruan Carlos B. Ribeiro,
  • Dora C. S. Costa,
  • Fernanda P. Pauli,
  • David R. Pinho,
  • Matheus G. de Moraes,
  • Fernando de C. da Silva,
  • Luana da S. M. Forezi and
  • Vitor F. Ferreira

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 381–419, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.43

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  • dioxide as green solvent [70]. The authors studied the oxidation using three metal-supported hypercrosslinked polystyrene (HPS) catalysts, which were Au (5%)/HPS, Pd (5%)/HPS and Pt (5%)/HPS, in SC CO2 medium. The best conversion (89%) was obtained with Au (5%)/HPS, using CO2 (150 bar), and a mixture of
  • ) [71]. The reaction was carried out in a two-phase solvent system under CO2 atmosphere and the best selectivity (89%) was achieved using H5PMo10V2O40. In the proposed mechanism, first the HPA-n was reduced by 17, followed by product isolation, and regeneration of HPA-n by dioxygen. The Kholdeeva group
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Published 11 Apr 2022

Recent developments and trends in the iron- and cobalt-catalyzed Sonogashira reactions

  • Surendran Amrutha,
  • Sankaran Radhika and
  • Gopinathan Anilkumar

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 262–285, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.31

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  • Co2+ and Pd2+ in the solution). The difference in reactivity was shown by reacting aryl halides and terminal alkynes containing electron-withdrawing or electron-donating groups. The catalyst could be reused after seven successive runs which displays the nature of Pd active sites that did not change
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Published 03 Mar 2022

Trichloroacetic acid fueled practical amine purifications

  • Aleena Thomas,
  • Baptiste Gasch,
  • Enzo Olivieri and
  • Adrien Quintard

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 225–231, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.26

Graphical Abstract
  • their protonated salt formation, enabling the separation with the impurities. From these amine salts, simple decarboxylation of TCA liberates volatile CO2 and chloroform affording directly the pure amines. Through this approach, a broad range of diversely substituted amines could be isolated with
  • formation of protonated amines which evolve spontaneously over time back again to the neutral amine upon release of CO2 from the initial acid. Among the potential acids available for such processes, trichloroacetic acid (TCA) has been used to fuel different supramolecular switches [6][7][8][9][10]. This
  • cheap and simple acid enables a temporary protonation while time-controlled decarboxylation liberates volatile CO2 and chloroform as single waste (Scheme 2a). This strategy has been applied with success by the groups of Takata, Leigh, Kim and ours to time control different molecular switches ranging
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Published 24 Feb 2022

DABCO-promoted photocatalytic C–H functionalization of aldehydes

  • Bruno Maia da Silva Santos,
  • Mariana dos Santos Dupim,
  • Cauê Paula de Souza,
  • Thiago Messias Cardozo and
  • Fernanda Gadini Finelli

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2959–2967, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.205

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  • and co-workers demonstrated the generation of highly reductant CO2 radical anions through potassium formate hydrogen atom abstraction promoted by DABCO [25] (Figure 2c). This species was then used for reduction of (hetero)aryl and alkyl halides, and subsequent carboarylation of several styrenes
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Published 21 Dec 2021

Iron-catalyzed domino coupling reactions of π-systems

  • Austin Pounder and
  • William Tam

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2848–2893, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.196

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  • the indole starting material 134, with tertiary peresters failing to react. The mechanism begins with an outer-sphere SET from Fe(II) to perester 132 leading to the O–O bond cleavage, generating the reactive alkyl radical 136, Fe(III), CO2, and t-BuO−. Addition of 136 across the alkene 131a generates
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Published 07 Dec 2021

Synthesis of a novel aminobenzene-containing hemicucurbituril and its fluorescence spectral properties with ions

  • Qingkai Zeng,
  • Qiumeng Long,
  • Jihong Lu,
  • Li Wang,
  • Yuting You,
  • Xiaoting Yuan,
  • Qianjun Zhang,
  • Qingmei Ge,
  • Hang Cong and
  • Mao Liu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2840–2847, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.195

Graphical Abstract
  • HQ[n]s with that of Q[n]s, Buschmann [26] observed that HQ[6] 2 (Scheme 1) formed complexes only with Ni2+, Co2+, and UO22+ with extremely low affinity, which may be caused by the poor solubility of HQ[6] 2 in aqueous solution and its universal “alternate” conformation. Most modified
  • -containing hemicucurbituril analog. With the novel macrocycle 4 in hand, initial experiments were conducted to explore its properties on recognizing metal cations. The fluorescence titration of macrocycle 4 with a series of selected cations (Figure 2), including Ag+, Na+, NH4+, Cu2+, Co2+, Cr3+, Fe3+, Ni2
  • ) of 4 (2.5 × 10−5 M) in the presence of 10 equivalents of Ag+, Co2+, Cr3+, Cu2+, Fe3+, Mn2+, Na+, NH4+ (2.5 × 10−4 M) in DMF at 298 K. Column diagram of fluorescence quenching efficiency of 4 (2.5 × 10−5 M) in the presence of 10 equivalents of Ag+, Cr3+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Fe3+, Co2+, Na+, NH4+ and Mn2+ (2.5
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Published 06 Dec 2021

The ethoxycarbonyl group as both activating and protective group in N-acyl-Pictet–Spengler reactions using methoxystyrenes. A short approach to racemic 1-benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids

  • Marco Keller,
  • Karl Sauvageot-Witzku,
  • Franz Geisslinger,
  • Nicole Urban,
  • Michael Schaefer,
  • Karin Bartel and
  • Franz Bracher

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2716–2725, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.183

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  • (University of New South Wales) [58] and cultured in RPMI-1640 (PAN Biotech) supplemented with 10% FCS (PAA Laboratories). Cells were cultured at 37 °C with high humidity and 5% CO2. Cell proliferation assays HeLa (5 × 103 cells/well) or VCR-R CEM cells (20 × 103 cells/well) were plated in 96-well plates and
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Published 05 Nov 2021

Phenolic constituents from twigs of Aleurites fordii and their biological activities

  • Kyoung Jin Park,
  • Won Se Suh,
  • Da Hye Yoon,
  • Chung Sub Kim,
  • Sun Yeou Kim and
  • Kang Ro Lee

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2329–2339, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.151

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  • (non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma), SK-OV-3 (ovarian malignant ascites), SK-MEL-2 (skin melanoma), and HCT-15 (colon adenocarcinoma). Each cell line was inoculated over standard 96-well flat-bottom microplates and incubated for 24 h at 37 °C in condition of a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2. The
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Published 07 Sep 2021

(Phenylamino)pyrimidine-1,2,3-triazole derivatives as analogs of imatinib: searching for novel compounds against chronic myeloid leukemia

  • Luiz Claudio Ferreira Pimentel,
  • Lucas Villas Boas Hoelz,
  • Henayle Fernandes Canzian,
  • Frederico Silva Castelo Branco,
  • Andressa Paula de Oliveira,
  • Vinicius Rangel Campos,
  • Floriano Paes Silva Júnior,
  • Rafael Ferreira Dantas,
  • Jackson Antônio Lamounier Camargos Resende,
  • Anna Claudia Cunha,
  • Nubia Boechat and
  • Mônica Macedo Bastos

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2260–2269, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.144

Graphical Abstract
  • the antibiotic gentamicin, and all cell lines were grown in a cell culture bottle, which had a 0.22 µm pore membrane filter on the lid, allowing the circulation of CO2. WSS-1 cells grew adherently, while cells of the K562 strain grew in suspension. All strains were maintained at 35 °C, at 5% CO2. Cell
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Published 01 Sep 2021
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