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Search for "polymers" in Full Text gives 567 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry. Showing first 200.

CO2 complexation with cyclodextrins

  • Cecilie Høgfeldt Jessen,
  • Jesper Bendix,
  • Theis Brock Nannestad,
  • Heloisa Bordallo,
  • Martin Jæger Pedersen,
  • Christian Marcus Pedersen and
  • Mikael Bols

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1021–1027, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.78

Graphical Abstract
  • processes or power plants, transporting it to a storage site, and storing it underground or consuming it by forming polymers [4] or fuels from CO2 [5][6]. However, the implementation of CCS technologies faces many challenges, including high costs, energy consumption, and the need for large-scale
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Published 17 Jul 2023

Clauson–Kaas pyrrole synthesis using diverse catalysts: a transition from conventional to greener approach

  • Dileep Kumar Singh and
  • Rajesh Kumar

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 928–955, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.71

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  • ], antiviral [11][12], antibacterial [13][14][15], antimalarial [16][17], anti-inflammatory [18][19], anti-oxidant [20][21][22], antifungal [23][24] and antibiotic [25][26] and as enzyme inhibitors [27][28]. Several pharmaceuticals, polymers and naturally occurring compounds, including heme, chlorophyll
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Published 27 Jun 2023

Cyclodextrins as building blocks for new materials

  • Miriana Kfoury and
  • Sophie Fourmentin

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 889–891, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.66

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  • as well as their derivatives and polymers. One of the biggest discoveries in this field is the observation that the solubilizer HP-β-CD is effective against Niemann–Pick type C disease (NPC) and is in phase 2b/3 clinical trials [8]. It has also been suggested that CDs may have beneficial effects on
  • science that require high performance with minimal environmental impact. They are involved in the construction of interlocked molecules (rotaxanes and catenanes), supramolecular polymers, artificial enzymes, hydrogels, metal–organic frameworks, supramolecular solvents, fibers, nanotubes, nanoparticles
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Published 19 Jun 2023

Light-responsive rotaxane-based materials: inducing motion in the solid state

  • Adrian Saura-Sanmartin

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 873–880, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.64

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  • dynamics of the components and/or macroscopic motion of the material are accomplished, dividing the article into three main sections: (i) photoresponsive rotaxane discrete crystals; (ii) photoresponsive rotaxane polymers; and (iii) photoresponsive metal-organic rotaxane frameworks (MORFs). Besides to
  • -scale nanotechnological devices. Photoresponsive rotaxane polymers Polymers represent an ideal support for the integration of rotaxane scaffolds [13][45]. Thus, advanced applications using polymers bearing rotaxanes have been reported [46][47][48][49][50][51]. The incorporation of light-responsive
  • motifs in rotaxane-based polymers has also provided interesting properties which can be employed in some specific implementations. α-Cyclodextin-based polyrotaxanes 2 having trithiocarbonate stopper groups with an adjacent phenyl group were employed for the construction of visible light-degradable
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Published 14 Jun 2023

Palladium-catalyzed enantioselective three-component synthesis of α-arylglycine derivatives from glyoxylic acid, sulfonamides and aryltrifluoroborates

  • Bastian Jakob,
  • Nico Schneider,
  • Luca Gengenbach and
  • Georg Manolikakes

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 719–726, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.52

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  • production of drugs, fertilizers, (biodegradable) polymers or nutritional supplements [2]. More importantly, α-amino acids form the backbone of all proteins and enzymes are therefore essential for almost all biological processes. In the last twenty years non-proteinogenic and chemically synthesized unnatural
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Published 25 May 2023

Synthesis, structure, and properties of switchable cross-conjugated 1,4-diaryl-1,3-butadiynes based on 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene

  • Semyon V. Tsybulin,
  • Ekaterina A. Filatova,
  • Alexander F. Pozharskii,
  • Valery A. Ozeryanskii and
  • Anna V. Gulevskaya

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 674–686, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.49

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  • systems; 1,4-diaryl-1,3-butadiynes; donor–acceptor systems; Glaser–Hay reaction; Introduction π-Conjugated oligomers and polymers attracted considerable attention from the very start as a promising class of semiconductors, chemosensors, and various electronic devices [1][2]. Although silicon and
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Published 15 May 2023

Discrimination of β-cyclodextrin/hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) oil/flavonoid glycoside and flavonolignan ternary complexes by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy coupled with principal component analysis

  • Nicoleta G. Hădărugă,
  • Gabriela Popescu,
  • Dina Gligor (Pane),
  • Cristina L. Mitroi,
  • Sorin M. Stanciu and
  • Daniel Ioan Hădărugă

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 380–398, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.30

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  • improving the bioavailability of ALA. This omega-3 FA was found in significantly higher concentrations in the plasma of rats fed with this complex [21]. Some vegetable oils were also encapsulated using combined matrices or polymers containing CDs as was demonstrated for example for kenaf (Hibiscus
  • biologically active molecules on CD-coated polymers used in chromatography [62]. PCA was used for the evaluation of the similarity/dissimilarity of some pesticides, especially fungicides and herbicides, using the effect of a water-soluble β-CD polymer on the apparent pesticide’s lipophilicity [63]. Also
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Published 28 Mar 2023

CuAAC-inspired synthesis of 1,2,3-triazole-bridged porphyrin conjugates: an overview

  • Dileep Kumar Singh

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 349–379, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.29

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  • hydrophilic triazole-linked porphyrin-polymer conjugates (PPCs) (Scheme 28). The PPCs 137 and 139 were prepared by the reaction between tetraazido-Zn-porphyrin 135 or diazido-Zn-porphyrin 138 with polymers 136 bearing various hydrophilic and hydrophobic substituents using CuSO4∙4H2O and ascorbic acids under
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Published 22 Mar 2023

Strategies to access the [5-8] bicyclic core encountered in the sesquiterpene, diterpene and sesterterpene series

  • Cécile Alleman,
  • Charlène Gadais,
  • Laurent Legentil and
  • François-Hugues Porée

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 245–281, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.23

Graphical Abstract
  • . Keywords: 5-8 bicycle; cyclization strategies; terpenes; Introduction Terpene compounds represent the largest and most diversified class of secondary metabolites. They are present in all organisms and their structure can vary from simple terpenes (C10 skeleton) to polymers (example of rubber) thanks to
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Published 03 Mar 2023

Investigation of cationic ring-opening polymerization of 2-oxazolines in the “green” solvent dihydrolevoglucosenone

  • Solomiia Borova and
  • Robert Luxenhofer

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 217–230, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.21

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  • . Size exclusion chromatography and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry were performed to determine the molar mass of the resulting polymers. Our work shows clearly that the solvent is not inert under the conditions typically used for the cationic ring-opening
  • polymerization, as evidenced by side products and limited control over the polymerization. However, we could establish that the use of the 2-ethyl-3-methyl-2-oxazolinium triflate salt as an initiator at 60 °C results in polymers with a relatively narrow molar mass distribution and a reasonable control over the
  • Hydrophilic synthetic polymers are interesting for a wide range of applications, including in the biomedical field. The synthesis of these polymers often requires the use of various organic solvents. However, most of the used solvents are undesirable on a large scale for health, safety, and environmental
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Published 28 Feb 2023

Total synthesis of insect sex pheromones: recent improvements based on iron-mediated cross-coupling chemistry

  • Eric Gayon,
  • Guillaume Lefèvre,
  • Olivier Guerret,
  • Adrien Tintar and
  • Pablo Chourreu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 158–166, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.15

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  • . Dienyl halides indeed tend to polymerize at low temperatures, and drastic storage conditions must be applied. For example, chloroprene, a well-known precursor of isoprene polymers, must be transported under inert atmosphere below −10 °C, and an inhibitor must be added to prevent polymerization. Cross
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Published 14 Feb 2023

Preparation of β-cyclodextrin/polysaccharide foams using saponin

  • Max Petitjean and
  • José Ramón Isasi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 78–88, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.7

Graphical Abstract
  • matrices. The saponin of soapbark (Quillaja saponaria) has been used to obtain foams using different procedures. The influence of the synthesis path on the porosity of the materials and their corresponding sorption capacities in the aqueous phase were evaluated. Keywords: chitosan; cyclodextrin polymers
  • potential uses can be either for oral delivery targeting intestine [33] or for an anti-skin cancer treatment [35], for example. This complexation step is also interesting for the synthesis of molecular imprinted polymers containing cyclodextrin [36]. In previous works, we have produced crosslinked
  • -cyclodextrin/polysaccharide (CS: chitosan, LBG: locust bean gum) mixtures (right). SEM images of crushed β-c-LBG as a function of the synthesis pathways (see below, Experimental section). Part “45Pow” of Figure 2 was reprinted from [39], Carbohydrate Polymers, vol. 288, by M. Petitjean; N. Lamberto; A. Zornoza
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Published 24 Jan 2023

Modern flow chemistry – prospect and advantage

  • Philipp Heretsch

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 33–35, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.3

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  • properties of organic solvents for standard polymers used in commercial 3D printers remain a drawback, while industrial 3D printers remain the much more expensive option. Reactors or other laboratory ware printed in polypropylene are restricted in use to only a few organic solvents or even to a single
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Published 06 Jan 2023

An alternative C–P cross-coupling route for the synthesis of novel V-shaped aryldiphosphonic acids

  • Stephen J. I. Shearan,
  • Enrico Andreoli and
  • Marco Taddei

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1518–1523, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.160

Graphical Abstract
  • . Phosphonates can also be employed as organic linkers in combination with metal ions to afford coordination polymers and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), or more aptly, metal phosphonate frameworks [19][20]. One of the main challenges in the synthesis of metal phosphonates is that the linkers are rarely
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Published 07 Nov 2022

Molecular and macromolecular electrochemistry: synthesis, mechanism, and redox properties

  • Shinsuke Inagi and
  • Mahito Atobe

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1505–1506, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.158

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  • so on, it has a high affinity to informatics approaches, e.g., machine learning, which is expected to become an increasingly important tool in the future. Progress in the design of organic molecules and polymers and the understanding of the redox behavior of these compounds has led to the development
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Published 26 Oct 2022

Cyclodextrin-based Schiff base pro-fragrances: Synthesis and release studies

  • Attila Palágyi,
  • Jindřich Jindřich,
  • Juraj Dian and
  • Sophie Fourmentin

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1346–1354, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.140

Graphical Abstract
  • hydrolysis, oxidation, or light (Figure 1) [18]. Different substrates were used to synthesize pro-fragrances, like polymers [19], ionic liquids [20], rotaxanes [21], or saccharides [22]. To the best of our knowledge, no studies investigate the use of CDs as substrate. Linking the fragrance to CDs could
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Published 28 Sep 2022

Synthesis and electrochemical properties of 3,4,5-tris(chlorophenyl)-1,2-diphosphaferrocenes

  • Almaz A. Zagidullin,
  • Farida F. Akhmatkhanova,
  • Mikhail N. Khrizanforov,
  • Robert R. Fayzullin,
  • Tatiana P. Gerasimova,
  • Ilya A. Bezkishko and
  • Vasili A. Miluykov

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1338–1345, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.139

Graphical Abstract
  • mediator in the synthesis of asymmetric phosphines starting from white phosphorus [15]. Moreover, the presence of the lone pair of the P atom opens the route to polynuclear complexes [16][17][18] and coordination polymers [19][20][21] with the mixed σ-/π-coordination mode, which is not typical for
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Published 27 Sep 2022

Ionic multiresonant thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters for light emitting electrochemical cells

  • Merve Karaman,
  • Abhishek Kumar Gupta,
  • Subeesh Madayanad Suresh,
  • Tomas Matulaitis,
  • Lorenzo Mardegan,
  • Daniel Tordera,
  • Henk J. Bolink,
  • Sen Wu,
  • Stuart Warriner,
  • Ifor D. Samuel and
  • Eli Zysman-Colman

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1311–1321, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.136

Graphical Abstract
  • and emission takes place within the intrinsic region [2][3][4][5][6]. Two families of widely investigated emitters for LEECs are ionic transition metal complexes (iTMCs) [7][8][9][10] and conjugated polymers (CPs) [4]. From the early use of ruthenium(II) complexes, a significant amount of research has
  • TADF emitter, imCzDPS (λPL = 440 nm, ΦPL = 44%, neat film) [19]. The EL of the LEEC was red-shifted at λEL of 470 nm compared to the PL. Following these initial reports Edman and co-workers demonstrated how neutral TADF small molecules [20], polymers [21], and dendrimers [22] could be employed in LEECs
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Published 22 Sep 2022

A one-pot electrochemical synthesis of 2-aminothiazoles from active methylene ketones and thioureas mediated by NH4I

  • Shang-Feng Yang,
  • Pei Li,
  • Zi-Lin Fang,
  • Sen Liang,
  • Hong-Yu Tian,
  • Bao-Guo Sun,
  • Kun Xu and
  • Cheng-Chu Zeng

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1249–1255, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.130

Graphical Abstract
  • pharmaceutical activities such as antimicrobial [2][3], antiviral [4], antitumor [5][6], anti-inflammatory [7][8] and so on. Moreover, as a type of important intermediates, thiazole is of prime importance in organic synthesis [9][10] which is used extensively in the preparation of flavors [11], polymers [12
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Published 15 Sep 2022

Polymer and small molecule mechanochemistry: closer than ever

  • José G. Hernández

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1225–1235, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.128

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  • time, two main experimental strategies to produce physical and chemical responses in a system when mechanical force is applied have been established. One of them, often called polymer mechanochemistry, relies on the use of polymers to transduce mechanical loads to mechanically sensitive probes
  • molecules (but also inorganic precursors, organometallic complexes, enzymes, monomeric units, or even polymers) in bulk and to provide the energy required for the system to react (Figure 1b and Figure 1c) [7][8][9][10][11][12]. At times, the methodological differences between both approaches seem to have
  • organocatalytic units embedded in polymers for catalysis in small molecule systems have been discussed [15][19][20]. Moreover, the ability of force to deform the reaction energy landscape and modulate the reversibility of the reactions within proteins has been demonstrated. For example, mechanical force was used
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Published 14 Sep 2022

Mechanochemical bottom-up synthesis of phosphorus-linked, heptazine-based carbon nitrides using sodium phosphide

  • Blaine G. Fiss,
  • Georgia Douglas,
  • Michael Ferguson,
  • Jorge Becerra,
  • Jesus Valdez,
  • Trong-On Do,
  • Tomislav Friščić and
  • Audrey Moores

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1203–1209, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.125

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  • , examples of carbon nitride materials linked together via phosphorus atoms are limited, likely due to challenges in controlling the insertion of phosphorus atoms as linkers under high energy conditions. Mechanochemistry [9][10][11][12] has proven to be effective for the synthesis of a variety of polymers
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Published 12 Sep 2022

Scope of tetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxalines in CuAAC reactions for the synthesis of triazoloquinoxalines, imidazoloquinoxalines, and rhenium complexes thereof

  • Laura Holzhauer,
  • Chloé Liagre,
  • Olaf Fuhr,
  • Nicole Jung and
  • Stefan Bräse

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1088–1099, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.111

Graphical Abstract
  • possess antibacterial [2], antifungal [3], and antiviral properties [4] and form the core structure of commercially available drugs like brimonidine, varenicline, and quinacillin [5]. Quinoxalines can also be used in organic solar cell polymers [1][6] and have been described as donor moieties in many TADF
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Published 24 Aug 2022

Post-synthesis from Lewis acid–base interaction: an alternative way to generate light and harvest triplet excitons

  • Hengjia Liu and
  • Guohua Xie

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 825–836, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.83

Graphical Abstract
  • emitters can be realized by adding a Lewis acid to a fluorescent conjugated compound [15][16]. Lewis acids are common complexing agents [17] and are frequently used to dope conjugated polymers to enhance their conductivity while the luminescence is completely quenched [18][19]. In contrast, in the presence
  • photophysical changes, have some common structural characteristics. For instance, heterocyclic units containing a nitrogen atom such as pyridine and thiazole, are one of the key structural features either in small molecules or polymers. Thus, the introduction of nitrogen with lone pairs of electrons in
  • the excited states, accounting for the decrease of band gap [27][37][43]. In 2018, Li et al. used density functional theory (DFT) to investigate the energy levels of polymers 19 (P1) and 20 (P2, Figure 10) containing pyrazine groups before and after the addition of B(C6F5)3 (see Figure 11a) [45
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Published 12 Jul 2022

A trustworthy mechanochemical route to isocyanides

  • Francesco Basoccu,
  • Federico Cuccu,
  • Federico Casti,
  • Rita Mocci,
  • Claudia Fattuoni and
  • Andrea Porcheddu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 732–737, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.73

Graphical Abstract
  • , they are often used in heterocycles formation [8][9], multicomponent strategies [10][11], polymers production [12][13], and metal complexation [14][15]. The molecular structure is composed of an N–C planar triple bond where the nitrogen atom assumes a positive charge due to the fourth bond with a
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Published 22 Jun 2022

Rapid gas–liquid reaction in flow. Continuous synthesis and production of cyclohexene oxide

  • Kyoko Mandai,
  • Tetsuya Yamamoto,
  • Hiroki Mandai and
  • Aiichiro Nagaki

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 660–668, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.67

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  • conventional batch technique has irreconcilable limitations. Cyclohexene oxide is one of the key starting materials for manufacturing various functional organic compounds and materials such as polymers and chiral organic compounds with cyclohexane moiety [2][3][4][5][6]. Thus, an efficient and fast synthetic
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Published 13 Jun 2022
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