Molecular recognition using tetralactam macrocycles with parallel aromatic sidewalls

• Dong-Hao Li and
• Bradley D. Smith

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1086–1095, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.105

• are omitted for clarity. Selected X-ray structures of [2]rotaxanes with tetralactam A as the surrounding macrocycle reported by groups led by Leigh, Smith, Cooke, and Berná [37][39][50][52][53][54][55][56]. (a) Chemical structures of squaraine, thiosquaraine, croconaine, and acene guests that can bind

• * level. Reprinted with permission from [24], copyright 2018, American Chemical Society. Chemical structures of a) acetylcholine chloride, 26+·Cl−, (b) trimethyl-p-cyanobenzylammonium chloride, 27+·Cl−, and calculated structures (semiempirical, PM7) of their complexes inside tetralactam B (X = CH, Z = t

• appended, anionic Z group. Adapted with permission from [71], copyright 2015, John Wiley and Sons. Chemical structures of the tetralactam host macrocycles that are covered by this review. Synthetic yields of [2]rotaxanes with different dumbbell-shaped templates and tetralactam A as the surrounding

Efficient synthesis of pyrazolopyridines containing a chromane backbone through domino reaction

• Razieh Navari,
• Saeed Balalaie,
• Saber Mehrparvar,
• Fatemeh Darvish,
• Frank Rominger,
• Fatima Hamdan and
• Sattar Mirzaie

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 874–880, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.85

• products 5a–d were not formed. The reaction mechanism is shown in Scheme 2. The chemical structures of the products 5a–d are shown in Figure 4. Usually, to activate the nitrile group for cyclization reaction, the existence of Lewis acid, the addition of organolithium reagents or metal

Azologization of serotonin 5-HT₃ receptor antagonists

• Karin Rustler,
• Galyna Maleeva,
• Piotr Bregestovski and
• Burkhard König

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 780–788, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.74

• 1990s, the range of highly selective and potent drugs expanded based on various chemical structures. Nevertheless, on-off-targeting of a pharmacophore’s activity with high spatiotemporal resolution as provided by photopharmacology remains an unsolved challenge bearing additionally the opportunity for

• restoration [53][54][55], the respiratory chain [56] and lipids [57][58]. Owing to the reported serotonin antagonists’ chemical structures, the use of azobenzene as photochromic scaffold in the presented work seemed axiomatic. Therefore, the primary design of our photochromic derivatives is based on the

LCST phase behavior of benzo-21-crown-7 with different alkyl chains

• Yan Deng,
• Xing Li,
• Qiao Zhang,
• Zheng Luo,
• Chengyou Han and
• Shengyi Dong

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 437–444, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.38

• the hydrophobicity of the crown ethers, but also exert great effect on solubility; c) small modifications in the chemical structures can result in remarkable differences in thermo-responsiveness. The change from carbamate groups to urea groups leads to the quench of thermo-responsiveness of crown

• properties. Both linkers and tails are important for regulating the LCST phenomenon. The presence of hydrophobic tails has a greater influence on the solubility, but the nature of the linkers is more important for the LCST properties. Based on the analyses of the relationship between chemical structures and

• °C; f) 70 °C. Purple dots in spectra indicate the newly emergent peaks upon heating. Chemical structures of 3a–e and 5a–e, and the cartoon representation of LCST behavior. Synthetic routes and yields of 3a–e and 5a–e. Supporting Information Supporting Information File 44: Experimental

Syntheses and chemical properties of β-nicotinamide riboside and its analogues and derivatives

• Mikhail V. Makarov and
• Marie E. Migaud

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 401–430, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.36

Olefin metathesis in multiblock copolymer synthesis

• Maria L. Gringolts,
• Yulia I. Denisova,
• Eugene Sh. Finkelshtein and
• Yaroslav V. Kudryavtsev

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 218–235, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.21

• rather clear nowadays that the olefin-metathesis reaction is a versatile tool for the synthesis of multiblock copolymers with diverse chemical structures. Due to the rapid progress in the catalyst design for living polymerization, sequential ROMP has become a well-established method of obtaining

Fabrication of supramolecular cyclodextrin–fullerene nonwovens by electrospinning

• Hiroaki Yoshida,
• Ken Kikuta and
• Toshiyuki Kida

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 89–95, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.10

• promising as an approach for fiber functionalization, the scope is limited to cases with 1:1 inclusion complexes and chemically modified CD. Fullerenes have been widely studied in the fields of chemistry and materials science because they have attractive chemical structures and good electron acceptor

Organometallic vs organic photoredox catalysts for photocuring reactions in the visible region

• Aude-Héloise Bonardi,
• Frédéric Dumur,
• Guillaume Noirbent,
• Jacques Lalevée and
• Didier Gigmes

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 3025–3046, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.282

• cycles involved with iodonium salt and (A) (TMS)3SiH, (B) NVK and (C) EDB. Structures of additives involved in the photoredox catalytic cycles. Structures of photoredox metal-based catalysts. Photocatalytical cycle for the Ru complex. Structures of photoredox organocatalysts. Diversity of the chemical

• structures of photoredox organocatalysts. Structures of benchmarked monomers. Structure of the CARET additive. Photoredox catalysis mechanism of a visible light-mediated living radical polymerization. (Abbreviation: PC for photoredox catalyst, [PC]* the photoredox catalyst at its excited state, Pn the

Green synthesis of new chiral 1-(arylamino)imidazo[2,1-a]isoindole-2,5-diones from the corresponding α-amino acid arylhydrazides in aqueous medium

• Nadia Bouzayani,
• Jamil Kraїem,
• Sylvain Marque,
• Yakdhane Kacem,
• Abel Carlin-Sinclair,
• Jérôme Marrot and
• Béchir Ben Hassine

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2923–2930, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.271

• observed with a total trans-diastereoselectivity controlled by intramolecular hydrogen bonds. Chemical structures of analogues. NOEs correlation showing the stereochemistry of the compound 5a. X-ray crystal structure of 5f shown at the 30% probability level. Strategy for the formation of 1-(arylamino)-1H

Protein–protein interactions in bacteria: a promising and challenging avenue towards the discovery of new antibiotics

• Laura Carro

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2881–2896, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.267

• scanning fluorimetry (DSF) assay [80]. Regrettably, no data was presented on the chemical structures of these compounds or the antibacterial activity. Nevertheless, this study reinforces the usefulness of integrating biophysical techniques with HTS approaches in order to detect and investigate SSB protein

•  8) as a template, Rush et al. applied a shape-comparison program (rapid overlay of chemical structures, ROCS). This study led to the identification of three lead-like scaffolds among which compound 38 (Figure 8) was the most active with a Kd of 73.9 μM. In spite of the fact that this molecule was

An overview on recent advances in the synthesis of sulfonated organic materials, sulfonated silica materials, and sulfonated carbon materials and their catalytic applications in chemical processes

• Hashem Sharghi,
• Pezhman Shiri and
• Mahdi Aberi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2745–2770, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.253

• , CCl3COOH, and CF3COOH) in hexane at 60 °C for 45–60 min was achieved and reported. The chemical structures of new -SO3H functionalized ILs were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and elemental analyses data. The NMR spectra provided evidence for resonating structures of N,N-disulfotetramethylguanidinium

Non-native autoinducer analogs capable of modulating the SdiA quorum sensing receptor in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium

• Matthew J. Styles and
• Helen E. Blackwell

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2651–2664, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.243

• and antagonism (i.e., no activity) are indicated in grey. All circles are scaled to their proportion of the library. Overlaps largely indicative of overlapping compound sets. Chemical structures of the most potent SdiA agonists. Compound names (except for 11-Az) match those reported in our prior

• publications. HSL = homoserine lactone, Z = O. HCL = homocysteine thiolactone, Z = S. Compound 2 = L-OOHL. Compounds within each cluster (indicated by hashed line box) are listed in order of highest to lowest potency. Chemical structures of the most potent SdiA antagonists. Compound names preceded by letters

A challenging redox neutral Cp*Co(III)-catalysed alkylation of acetanilides with 3-buten-2-one: synthesis and key insights into the mechanism through DFT calculations

• Andrew Kenny,
• Alba Pisarello,
• Arron Bird,
• Paula G. Chirila,
• Alex Hamilton and
• Christopher J. Whiteoak

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2366–2374, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.212

• C–H bonds has been identified as one of the key challenges in modern day chemical research [1][2][3], providing the potential to access complex chemical structures more efficiently. In this context, transition metal catalysis is seen as a potential solution, building on the traditional and well

Synthesis of a water-soluble 2,2′-biphen[4]arene and its efficient complexation and sensitive fluorescence enhancement towards palmatine and berberine

• Xiayang Huang,
• Xinghua Zhang,
• Tianxin Qian,
• Junwei Ma,
• Lei Cui and
• Chunju Li

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2236–2241, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.198

• absence and presence of 2,2’-CBP4 under a UV lamp (365 nm). Left to right: P, P + 2,2’-CBP4, 2,2’-CBP4, B + 2,2’-CBP4 and B. Synthesis of 2,2’-CBP4 and the chemical structures of P and B. Association constants (Ka/M−1) for 1:1 intermolecular complexation of P and B with 2,2’-CBP4 in phosphate buffer

Dynamic light scattering studies of the effects of salts on the diffusivity of cationic and anionic cavitands

• Anthony Wishard and
• Bruce C. Gibb

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2212–2219, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.195

• host solution such that the final CsCl concentration was 100 mM (50 equiv) and dilution of the host was 5% (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S3). Chemical structures of octaacid 1 and positand 2 showing the anionic binding sites of the two hosts (orange and red) and the potential cationic binding

A switchable [2]rotaxane with two active alkenyl groups

• Xiu-Li Zheng,
• Rong-Rong Tao,
• Rui-Rui Gu,
• Wen-Zhi Wang and
• Da-Hui Qu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2074–2081, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.181

• equiv of DBU to (a). Chemical structures and acid-base stimuli responsiveness of target [2]rotaxane R1 and deprotonated [2]rotaxane R1-1. Syntheses of key intermediates 5, 8 and target [2]rotaxane R1. Supporting Information Supporting Information File 188: 1H, 13C NMR spectra and HRESI mass spectra of

Synthesis and supramolecular self-assembly of glutamic acid-based squaramides

• Juan V. Alegre-Requena,
• Marleen Häring,
• Isaac G. Sonsona,
• Alex Abramov,
• Eugenia Marqués-López,
• Raquel P. Herrera and
• David Díaz Díaz

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2065–2073, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.180

• = 10 kV). Xerogels, prepared by freeze-drying the corresponding gels, were placed on top of a tin plate and shielded with Pt (40 mA, 30–60 s; film thickness = 5–10 nm). Images were obtained by Servicio General de Apoyo a la Investigación-SAI (Universidad de Zaragoza). Chemical structures of isosteric

An amphiphilic pseudo[1]catenane: neutral guest-induced clouding point change

• Tomoki Ogoshi,
• Tomohiro Akutsu and
• Tada-aki Yamagishi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1937–1943, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.167

• Information File, Figure S7, orange peak β) of 1,4-dicyanobutane. Chemical structures of (a) tri(ethylene oxide)-substituted pillar[n]arenes (1, n = 5; 2, n = 6), (b) pseudo[1]catenane 3, (c) de-threaded form of 3 by complexation with 1,4-dicyanobutane, and (d) model compound 4. 1H NMR spectra of (a) model

Asymmetric Michael addition reactions catalyzed by calix[4]thiourea cyclohexanediamine derivatives

• Zheng-Yi Li,
• Hong-Xiao Tong,
• Yuan Chen,
• Hong-Kui Su,
• Tangxin Xiao,
• Xiao-Qiang Sun and
• Leyong Wang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1901–1907, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.164

• Michael addition reactions of acetylacetone and aromatic nitroalkenes. Results and Discussion Synthesis of catalysts The chemical structures and synthetic pathways for catalysts are shown in Scheme 1 and Scheme 2, respectively. A series of upper rim-functionalized calix[4]arene-based cyclohexanediamine

Strong binding and fluorescence sensing of bisphosphonates by guanidinium-modified calix[5]arene

• Jie Gao,
• Zhe Zheng,
• Lin Shi,
• Si-Qi Wu,
• Hongwei Sun and
• Dong-Sheng Guo

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1840–1845, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.157

• etidronate in (a) HEPES buffer (10 mM, pH 7.4) and (b) artificial urine at 25 °C. Error bars could not be shown if less than 0.005. The chemical structures of (a) bisphosphonates (BPs) and (b) guanidinium-modified calix[5]arene (GC5A). (c) Schematic illustration of a salt-bridge between a phosphate anion and

• a guanidinium cation. Schematic illustration of the binding between BPs and GC5A and the operating IDA principle of fluorescence “switch-on” sensing of BPs by the GC5A·Fl reporter pair. The chemical structures of the selected BP drugs. Association constants (Ka) of BPs and GC5A determined according

Host–guest complexes of conformationally flexible C-hexyl-2-bromoresorcinarene and aromatic N-oxides: solid-state, solution and computational studies

• Rakesh Puttreddy,
• Ngong Kodiah Beyeh,
• S. Maryamdokht Taimoory,
• Daniel Meister,
• John F. Trant and
• Kari Rissanen

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1723–1733, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.146

• intermolecular hydrogen bonding and stacking interactions at both upper and lower-rims. The chemical structures of C-ethyl-2-bromoresorcinarene (BrC2), C-propyl-2-bromoresorcinarene (BrC3) and C-hexyl-2-bromoresorcinarene (BrC6) as hosts and pyridine N-oxide (1), 2-methylpyridine N-oxide (2), 3-methylpyridine N

Drug targeting to decrease cardiotoxicity – determination of the cytotoxic effect of GnRH-based conjugates containing doxorubicin, daunorubicin and methotrexate on human cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells

• Livia Polgár,
• Eszter Lajkó,
• Pál Soós,
• Orsolya Láng,
• Marilena Manea,
• Béla Merkely,
• Gábor Mező and
• László Kőhidai

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1583–1594, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.136

• Supporting Information File 1. Chemical structures of the GnRH-drug conjugates synthesized and investigated in the present work. Abbreviations: Aoa: aminooxyacetyl; Dox: doxorubicin; Dau: daunorubicin; Mtx: methotrexate; Glp: pyroglutamic acid; gult: glutaric acid. Chemical structures of the bifunctional

A conformationally adaptive macrocycle: conformational complexity and host–guest chemistry of zorb[4]arene

• Liu-Pan Yang,
• Song-Bo Lu,
• Arto Valkonen,
• Fangfang Pan,
• Kari Rissanen and
• Wei Jiang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1570–1577, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.134

• = −0.13, R2 = 0.9956) and TΔS (right, slope = 0.93, R2 = 0.9976). (a) Chemical structures of ZB4 and the guests involved in this research. The counterions are PF6−. (b) The four representative conformers of ZB4 resulting from naphthalene flipping. Numberings on the structures are used to assign NMR

One hundred years of benzotropone chemistry

• Arif Dastan,
• Haydar Kilic and
• Nurullah Saracoglu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1120–1180, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.98

• reports of their interesting chemical structures and potential biological activities. Historically, many efforts have been devoted to the chemistry of benzotropones/benzotropolones and a plethora of benzotropone-type molecules have been produced over 100 years. Furthermore, the scope of this review

An overview of recent advances in duplex DNA recognition by small molecules

• Sayantan Bhaduri,
• Nihar Ranjan and
• Dev P. Arya

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1051–1086, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.93