Recent advances in organocatalytic atroposelective reactions

• Henrich Szabados and
• Radovan Šebesta

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 55–121, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.6

• indoles 96 or pyrroles 99 and 1,4 diketones 97, respectively, the authors were able to achieve very good to near-perfect yields with consistently high enantioselectivities. Configurational stabilities of the products 98 and 100 were explored in toluene at 110 °C. Rotational barriers were calculated to be

• -catalyst containing transition metals but are purely of organocatalytic nature. In these experiments, the chiral phosphoric acid C28 catalyzed the reaction of aminopyrroles 101 and 1,4-diketones 102. Under the optimized reaction conditions, the yields were good to excellent, and high levels of

Recent advances in organocatalytic asymmetric aza-Michael reactions of amines and amides

• Pratibha Sharma,
• Raakhi Gupta and
• Raj K. Bansal

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2585–2610, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.173

• halogenated 2-hydroxypyridines (pyridin-2(1H)-ones) 38 and α,β-unsaturated 1,4-diketones or 1,4-ketoesters 39 in different solvents. The best results (yield 96%, ee >91%) were obtained on using squaramide catalyst in chloroform. However, for others, the yields ranged from 50–98% with good to excellent

Tuneable access to indole, indolone, and cinnoline derivatives from a common 1,4-diketone Michael acceptor

• Dalel El-Marrouki,
• Sabrina Touchet,
• Abderrahmen Abdelli,
• Hédi M’Rabet,
• Mohamed Lotfi Efrit and
• Philippe C. Gros

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1722–1731, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.144

• construction of nitrogen-containing heterocycles from common substrates: 1,4-diketones and primary amines. Indeed, by just varying the substrates, the substituents, or the heating mode, it is possible to selectively synthesize indole, indolone (1,5,6,7-tetrahydroindol-4-one), or cinnoline (5,6,7,8

• indole, indolone, or cinnoline derivatives from the same starting material is not yet available. To reach this goal, the Michael reaction between 1,4-diketones and primary amines seems particularly attractive because of its straightforward and metal-free properties, and because they can be performed

• the target compounds required the prior preparation of a panel of variously substituted 1,4-diketones 5. The 1,4-diketones 5 have been prepared either by a Nef reaction [56] from the corresponding nitroenone 3 or a Wittig reaction [57] from 1,2-cyclohexanedione and the corresponding ylide 4 (Scheme 2

Oxidative radical ring-opening/cyclization of cyclopropane derivatives

• Yu Liu,
• Qiao-Lin Wang,
• Zan Chen,
• Cong-Shan Zhou,
• Bi-Quan Xiong,
• Pan-Liang Zhang,
• Chang-An Yang and
• Quan Zhou

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 256–278, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.23

• -workers also reported the first silver-catalyzed ring-opening and acylation of cyclopropanols 91 with aldehydes 48 for the synthesis of 1,4-diketones 144 (Scheme 39) [119]. They proposed that the involvement of an uncommon water-assisted 1,2-HAT process was strongly exothermic and it promoted the addition

Cross-coupling of dissimilar ketone enolates via enolonium species to afford non-symmetrical 1,4-diketones

• Keshaba N. Parida,
• Gulab K. Pathe,
• Shimon Maksymenko and
• Alex M. Szpilman

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 992–997, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.84

• of enolates may be used to form the 1,4-diketone products in 38 to 74% yield. Due to the use of two TMS enol ethers as precursors, an optimization of the cross-coupling should include investigating the order of addition. Keywords: 1,4-diketones; enolates; enolonium species; hypervalent iodine

• . Recently, Loh reported the palladium-catalyzed coupling of an acid chloride with premade isolable indium homoenolates (In(CH2CHRC=OR')2), 1.2 equiv relative to the acid chloride) to give the corresponding 1,4-diketones [5]. Yet the direct coupling of two enolates is inarguably the shortest and most direct

• = H) to afford the 1,4-diketone 7 in 71% yield (Scheme 2) [31]. We therefore focused on identifying the minimum amount of the second enolate that would lead to optimal yields and found that as little as 1.2–1.4 equiv provided the desired 1,4-diketones in acceptable yields without the need for a large

NHC-catalyzed cleavage of vicinal diketones and triketones followed by insertion of enones and ynones

• Ken Takaki,
• Makoto Hino,
• Akira Ohno,
• Kimihiro Komeyama,
• Hiroto Yoshida and
• Hiroshi Fukuoka

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1816–1822, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.176

• convert aldehydes to nucleophilic species, which react with activated alkenes to yield hydroacylation products [10][11][12][13][14]. When the carbonyl compounds I other than aldehyde behave similarly, functionalized 1,4-diketones IV would be produced (Scheme 1). Previously, we reported that benzils I (G

• ring-enlargement procedure to afford cyclic 1,4-diketones IV. With respect to the active species in the Stetter reaction, aminoenols II (G = H, Breslow intermediates) had been postulated as true nucleophiles for a long time and those generated from imidazolinium NHC were recently isolated in pure form

• the 9- and 14-membered 1,4-diketones 7b and 7c at elevated temperature, respectively. Next, we investigated the NHC-catalyzed reaction of 1,2,3-triketone 9 with enone 6a. Since the central carbonyl group of 9 could be more electrophilic than the others at 1- and 3-positions, nucleophilic addition of

Electron-transfer-initiated benzoin- and Stetter-like reactions in packed-bed reactors for process intensification

• Anna Zaghi,
• Daniele Ragno,
• Graziano Di Carmine,
• Carmela De Risi,
• Olga Bortolini,
• Pier Paolo Giovannini,
• Giancarlo Fantin and
• Alessandro Massi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 2719–2730, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.268

• examples, α-hydroxy ketones (benzoin reaction) and 1,4-diketones (Stetter reaction) [1][2][3][4]. The synthetic utility of the umpolung methodology has therefore spurred intensive research on process intensification through the heterogeneization of NHC catalysts [5][6][7][8][9] for facilitating the post

Rearrangements of organic peroxides and related processes

• Ivan A. Yaremenko,
• Vera A. Vil’,
• Dmitry V. Demchuk and
• Alexander O. Terent’ev

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 1647–1748, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.162

Synthesis of five- and six-membered cyclic organic peroxides: Key transformations into peroxide ring-retaining products

• Alexander O. Terent'ev,
• Dmitry A. Borisov,
• Vera A. Vil’ and
• Valery M. Dembitsky

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 34–114, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.6

• Kobayashi cyclization of hydroperoxides, the reaction of 1,4-diketones with hydrogen peroxide, the intramolecular nucleophilic substitution by the hydroperoxide group, the cyclization with participation of halogenonium ion donors, acid-mediated rearrangements of peroxides, the palladium-catalyzed

• NaBH4 in an alkaline medium [331]. 3.6. Synthesis of 1,2-dioxanes from 1,4-dicarbonyl compounds The reaction of 1,4-diketones 242 (cyclohexanone derivatives) with hydrogen peroxide in a neutral medium produced 3,6-dihydroxydioxanes 243 albeit without reported yields (Scheme 69). The resulting compounds

Organocatalytic asymmetric addition of malonates to unsaturated 1,4-diketones

• Sergei Žari,
• Tiiu Kailas,
• Marina Kudrjashova,
• Mario Öeren,
• Ivar Järving,
• Toomas Tamm,
• Margus Lopp and
• Tõnis Kanger

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 1452–1457, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.165

• unsaturated 1,4-diketones catalyzed by thiourea and squaramide derivatives with Cinchona alkaloids afforded the formation of a new C–C bond in high yields (up to 98%) and enantiomeric purities (up to 93%). The absolute configuration of the product was suggested from comparison of the experimental and

• enantioenriched products through a carbon–carbon bond formation [1][2][3][4][5]. Recently, unsaturated 1,4-dicarbonyl compounds, such as 1,4-ketoesters [6][7][8], 1,4-diketones [9], 1,4-ketoamides [9][10] and dialkylfumarates [11], have been the substrates for this reaction. The reaction products can undergo

• addition of dialkylmalonates and nitromethane to 4-oxo-4-arylbutenoates catalyzed by N,N´-dioxide-Sc(OTf)3 complexes [8]. Despite these and other successful experimental results, the asymmetric addition of malonates to symmetric aromatic unsaturated 1,4-diketones has not been systematically studied

Photocycloaddition of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes to isoxazoles: Cycloaddition reactivity and stability studies

• Axel G. Griesbeck,
• Marco Franke,
• Jörg Neudörfl and
• Hidehiro Kotaka

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 127–134, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.18

• -1,4-diketones after hydrolysis of the primary photochemical products (photo aldol reaction) [7], whilst the reaction of oxazoles with carbonyl compounds is a convenient protocol for the stereoselective synthesis of α-amino β-hydroxy ketones [8][9] as well as highly substituted α-amino β-hydroxy acids

A convenient synthesis of γ-functionalized cyclopentenones

• Nour Lahmar,
• Taïcir Ben Ayed,
• Moncef Bellassoued and
• Hassen Amri

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2005, 1, No. 11, doi:10.1186/1860-5397-1-11

• /1860-5397-1-11 Abstract The synthesis of γ-functionalized cyclopentenones was carried out in a few steps, starting firstly with the preparation of nitroketonic intermediates 2, which were readily transformed into 1,4-diketones using the Nef conversion. The intramolecular cyclization of the γ-diketones

• 3 in a basic medium, led to the functionalized cyclopentenones 4. Keywords: Nef reaction; conjugated addition; nitroalkanes; 1,4-diketones; functionalized cyclopentenones; Introduction The cyclopentenones are considered as an important class of compounds because they are present in a large variety

• conjugate addition of nitroalkanes to α,β-unsaturated ketones 1 leading to the nitroalkanes derivatives 2 which may be converted into their γ-diketone homologues 3 using Nef reaction. The intramolecular cyclization of 1,4-diketones 3 led to the corresponding cyclopentenones 4. Results and discussion As