Recent advances in synthetic approaches for bioactive cinnamic acid derivatives

• Betty A. Kustiana,
• Galuh Widiyarti and
• Teni Ernawati

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1031–1086, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.85

• multimetal-organic framework (M-MOF, M= Cu, Ni) which successfully catalyzed the one-pot cyclopropenone hydration/Chan–Lam coupling reaction of 309 and boronic acid 341 to give the corresponding ester 310 in good yield via the formation of acid 342 (Scheme 76B). Cyclopropenone was also subjected to non-metal

Recent advances in electrochemical copper catalysis for modern organic synthesis

• Yemin Kim and
• Won Jun Jang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 155–178, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.9

• undergoes reductive elimination to provide the desired enantioenriched nitrile product 111 and Cu(I) catalyst 116. The resulting Cu(I) catalyst 116 is reoxidized to Cu(II) 117 at the anode, completing the catalytic cycle. Coupling reaction (Chan–Lam coupling) Transition metal-catalyzed C–N bond formation

• reactions are essential synthetic methodologies. The discovery of Chan–Lam coupling reactions, which use arylboronic acids and N-nucleophiles, provided a C–N bond-forming protocol using copper catalysis, offering a complementary method to noble transition-metal catalysis [78]. Recently, dual-catalytic

• boronic acid and disproportionation. Subsequently, the coupling product 120 is released through reductive elimination, and the resulting Cu(I) species 121 is either reoxidized or plated on the cathode. Despite the success of electrochemical Chan–Lam coupling for C–N bond formation, the electrooxidative

Metal-catalyzed coupling/carbonylative cyclizations for accessing dibenzodiazepinones: an expedient route to clozapine and other drugs

• Amina Moutayakine and
• Anthony J. Burke

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 193–204, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.19

• approaches resulted in shortening the synthetic routes that were widely employed to access these heterocyclic scaffolds. Over the last decades, the Chan–Lam coupling reaction has drawn great attention among the synthetic chemistry community which contributed to the development of various synthetic routes to

• relevant heterocycles in high efficiency [10]. The Chan–Lam coupling is considered a greener alternative to traditional C–N coupling reactions, as it can be carried out under mild reaction conditions (room temperature and short reaction times, etc.), plus it does not require expensive metals like Pd, being

• –Lam/carbonylative cyclization After disclosing the optimal conditions for the Chan–Lam coupling, we screened different varieties of o-phenylenediamine derivatives. Overall, the o-phenylenene substrates bearing electron-donating substituents on the benzene ring proceeded smoothly under these conditions

Combretastatins D series and analogues: from isolation, synthetic challenges and biological activities

• Jorge de Lima Neto and
• Paulo Henrique Menezes

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 399–427, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.31

• seco-acid 36. Using this approach, the authors were able to achieve the formal synthesis of 2 reaching a key intermediate in 34% overall yield after 9 steps (Scheme 16). Cousin and co-workers [50] innovated by using the Chan–Lam coupling [23][24][25] for the diaryl ether formation and applying an

Microelectrode arrays, electrosynthesis, and the optimization of signaling on an inert, stable surface

• Kendra Drayton-White,
• Siyue Liu,
• Yu-Chia Chang,
• Sakashi Uppal and
• Kevin D. Moeller

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1488–1498, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.156

• direct analogy to the RGD-peptide experiment shown above. In this case, a Cu(II)-mediated Chan–Lam coupling reaction was used to place each molecule on a arylborate ester coating the array (Scheme 2) [23]. The Cu(II) needed for the transformation was generated at the selected electrodes by the oxidation

• surface and a 1:1 R6A/cysteine methyl ester surface. Calibrating the array-based signaling experiment for monitoring small molecule G-protein interactions. A Cu(I)-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction on an array. An array-based Chan–Lam coupling reaction. A new method for decreasing the concentration of R6A

Recent advances on the transition-metal-catalyzed synthesis of imidazopyridines: an updated coverage

• Gagandeep Kour Reen,
• Ashok Kumar and
• Pratibha Sharma

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1612–1704, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.165

• mechanisms, i.e., a Chan–Lam coupling and an Ullmann coupling. The Chan–Lam coupling involved a C–N bond formation (intermediate I, 84) which then entered into the Ullmann coupling to undergo intramolecular cyclization to form final product 78 and release Cu(III) to Cu(I) by reductive elimination. In this

Catalytic Chan–Lam coupling using a ‘tube-in-tube’ reactor to deliver molecular oxygen as an oxidant

• Carl J. Mallia,
• Paul M. Burton,
• Alexander M. R. Smith,
• Gary C. Walter and
• Ian R. Baxendale

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 1598–1607, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.156

• Abstract A flow system to perform Chan–Lam coupling reactions of various amines and arylboronic acids has been realised employing molecular oxygen as an oxidant for the re-oxidation of the copper catalyst enabling a catalytic process. A tube-in-tube gas reactor has been used to simplify the delivery of the

• oxygen accelerating the optimisation phase and allowing easy access to elevated pressures. A small exemplification library of heteroaromatic products has been prepared and the process has been shown to be robust over extended reaction times. Keywords: Chan–Lam coupling; flow chemistry; gases in flow

Copper-mediated synthesis of N-alkenyl-α,β-unsaturated nitrones and their conversion to tri- and tetrasubstituted pyridines

• Dimitra Kontokosta,
• Daniel S. Mueller,
• Dong-Liang Mo,
• Wiktoria H. Pace,
• Rachel A. Simpson and
• Laura L. Anderson

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 2097–2104, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.226

• products [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Specifically, we reported that N-arylnitrones 3 can be prepared by a Chan–Lam coupling of 1 and 2 and that these compounds undergo a copper-catalyzed rearrangement to α,β-epoxyimines such as 4 [8]. Reduction of these products in the presence of a Lewis acid gave

• tetrahydroquinolines such as 5 (Scheme 1A). These studies encouraged us to consider if similar N-alkenylnitrones 8 could be accessed by a Chan–Lam coupling and transformed into the corresponding substituted pyridines 9 (Scheme 1B). Pyridines are important heterocycles that are often found in biologically active

• -propargylic oximes and undergo similar electrocyclizations to form pyridines (Scheme 2B) [52]. Herein, we show that N-alkenylnitrones 8 can be prepared through a Chan–Lam coupling of α,β-unsaturated oximes 6 and an alkenylboronic acids 7 and that these compounds undergo a novel thermal rearrangement to the

Coupling of C-nitro-NH-azoles with arylboronic acids. A route to N-aryl-C-nitroazoles

• Marta K. Kurpet,
• Aleksandra Dąbrowska,
• Małgorzata M. Jarosz,
• Katarzyna Kajewska-Kania,
• Nikodem Kuźnik and
• Jerzy W. Suwiński

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 1517–1525, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.173

• acid. Most reports on the Chan–Lam coupling reaction underline the demand of air introduction into the reaction mixture to provide high yields of the products [22][24][36][37]. The plausible mechanism of this catalytic reaction was proposed by Evans [38] and described for N-nucleophiles by Collman [39