Recent advances in the cleavage of non-activated amides

• Eun-Sol Choi and
• Hyo-Jun Lee

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2026, 22, 352–369, doi:10.3762/bjoc.22.23

• generated, a variety of nucleophiles could be efficiently employed in the subsequent transformation. Bulky primary amines and aniline, whose nucleophilicities are diminished by steric congestion and low electron density, respectively, still reacted smoothly with the in-situ-generated acyl fluorides

• then decomposes to furnish the acyl fluorides 194. This strategy provided chemoselective peptide modification. For example, the amide bond possessing the PMB unit in dipeptide 209 (N-Phth-ʟ-Ala-N-PMB-ʟ-Ala-OMe) was selectively activated and cleaved, generating the corresponding acyl fluoride

Visible-light-driven NHC and organophotoredox dual catalysis for the synthesis of carbonyl compounds

• Vasudevan Dhayalan

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2584–2603, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.200

• carbenes (NHCs) with photocatalysts. The review encompasses transition-metal-based photocatalytic reactions for C–C and C–HA cross-coupling reactions involving various acyl fluorides, amides, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, and esters, highlighting their broad applications in organic synthesis and medicinal

• enables the highly regioselective formation of meta-acylated ketone products 16 through a radical pathway. The NHC-catalyzed novel acylation was achieved using acyl fluorides 4 and electron-rich arenes 15 in the presence of NHC (20 mol %), photocatalyst (5 mol %), and Cs2CO3 in CH3CN at room temperature

Direct synthesis of acyl fluorides from carboxylic acids using benzothiazolium reagents

• Lilian M. Maas,
• Alex Haswell,
• Rory Hughes and
• Matthew N. Hopkinson

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 921–930, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.82

• Kingdom 10.3762/bjoc.20.82 Abstract 2-(Trifluoromethylthio)benzothiazolium triflate (BT-SCF3) was used as deoxyfluorinating reagent for the synthesis of versatile acyl fluorides directly from the corresponding carboxylic acids. These acyl fluorides were reacted with amines in a one-pot protocol to form

• different amides, including dipeptides, under mild and operationally simple conditions in high yields. Mechanistic studies suggest that BT-SCF3 can generate acyl fluorides from carboxylic acids via two distinct pathways, which allows the deoxyfluorinating reagent to be employed in sub-stoichiometric amounts

• . Keywords: acyl fluorides; amides; benzothiazolium salts; carboxylic acids; deoxygenative reactions; Introduction Acyl fluorides are attracting much attention as versatile reagents for different applications in organic synthesis. In addition to their use as sources of fluoride ions, they are most commonly

Deoxyfluorination of acyl fluorides to trifluoromethyl compounds by FLUOLEAD^®/Olah’s reagent under solvent-free conditions

• Yumeng Liang,
• Akihito Taya,
• Zhengyu Zhao,
• Norimichi Saito and
• Norio Shibata

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 3052–3058, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.254

• the formation of trifluoromethyl compounds from acyl fluorides has been developed. The combination of FLUOLEAD® and Olah’s reagent in solvent-free conditions at 70 °C initiated the significant deoxyfluorination of the acyl fluorides and resulted in the corresponding trifluoromethyl products with high

• yields (up to 99%). This strategy showed a great tolerance for various acyl fluorides containing aryloyl, (heteroaryl)oyl, or aliphatic acyl moieties, providing good to excellent yields of the trifluoromethyl products. Synthetic drug-like molecules were also transformed into the corresponding

• trifluoromethyl compounds under the same reaction conditions. A reaction mechanism is proposed. Keywords: acyl fluorides; deoxyfluorination; fluorine; solvent-free; trifluoromethyl group; Introduction Due to an impressively wide effect of fluorine on the biological activity, the insertion of fluorine atoms or