1,2-Difluoroethylene (HFO-1132): synthesis and chemistry

• Liubov V. Sokolenko,
• Taras M. Sokolenko and
• Yurii L. Yagupolskii

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 1955–1966, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.171

• 1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132). The major routes for the preparation of the E- and Z-isomer of HFO-1132 are reviewed, along with the chemistry in radical, nucleophilic, and electrophilic reactions. Keywords: 1,2-difluoroethylene; fluorinated monomers; HFO-1132; hydrofluoroolefins; radical reactions

Synthesis and characterization of a novel carboxyl group containing (co)polyimide with sulfur in the polymer backbone

• Miroslav Mrsevic,
• David Düsselberg and
• Claudia Staudt

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 776–786, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.88

• polymer materials, many polyimides are not soluble in common organic solvents, which makes their direct processing and large-scale manufacturing difficult. In this case, processing of the polyamic acid followed by heat treatment for imidization is necessary. In contrast, polyimides containing fluorinated

• monomers, such as 6FDA (4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)di(phthalic anhydride)) are known to exhibit excellent solubilities in common organic solvents [19]. Because of the aforementioned properties of sulfur-containing polyimides and fluorinated polyimides, a (co)polyimide with a high refractive index and

Miniemulsion polymerization as a versatile tool for the synthesis of functionalized polymers

• Daniel Crespy and
• Katharina Landfester

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, 1132–1148, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.130

• [32]. For a batch process with an initiator in the aqueous phase, it was found that the copolymerization followed the Mayo–Lewis equation despite the huge difference of solubility of the monomers in the aqueous continuous phase. Fluorinated monomers (fluoroalkyl acrylates) could be easily polymerized

Acid catalyzed cyclodimerization of 2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4-alkoxy-oxetanes and -thietanes. Synthesis of 2,2,6,6-tetrakis(trifluoromethyl)-4,8-dialkoxy-1,5-dioxocanes and 3,3,7,7-tetrakis(trifluoromethyl)-9-oxa-2,6-dithia-bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane

• Viacheslav A. Petrov and
• Will Marshall

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, No. 46, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.46

• -oxides [7], and an unusual reductive ring expansion leading to the corresponding dihydrothiophenes [7]. As part of a program to identify new, readily available fluorinated monomers, we have carried out a comparative study of the reactivity of 2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4-alkoxy- oxetanes and -thietanes