C–C Coupling in sterically demanding porphyrin environments

• Liam Cribbin,
• Brendan Twamley,
• Nicolae Buga,
• John E. O’ Brien,
• Raphael Bühler,
• Roland A. Fischer and
• Mathias O. Senge

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2784–2798, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.234

• )alkenes and -phenanthrenes [78]; yet, adjacent hindrance is not a problem in this case. Clearly, more work is required on the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling of molecules with sterically demanding ‘pockets’ with opposing and adjacent hindrance. In conclusion, a library of arm-extended dodecasubstituted porphyrins

Transition-metal-catalyzed domino reactions of strained bicyclic alkenes

• Austin Pounder,
• Eric Neufeld,
• Peter Myler and
• William Tam

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 487–540, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.38

Combretastatins D series and analogues: from isolation, synthetic challenges and biological activities

• Jorge de Lima Neto and
• Paulo Henrique Menezes

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 399–427, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.31

• quantities for the evaluation of biological/pharmacological activities. Review 1 Isolation 1.1 Isolation of combretastatins D series Combretastatins comprise a large family of structurally diverse natural products divided into the “A” (cis-stilbenes), “B” (dehydrostilbenes), “C” (phenanthrenes), and “D

Photocatalyzed syntheses of phenanthrenes and their aza-analogues. A review

• Alessandra Del Tito,
• Havall Othman Abdulla,
• Davide Ravelli,
• Stefano Protti and
• Maurizio Fagnoni

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1476–1488, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.123

• Phenanthrenes and their aza-analogues have important applications in materials science and in medicine. Aim of this review is to collect recent reports describing their synthesis, which make use of radical cyclizations promoted by a visible light-triggered photocatalytic process. Keywords: phenanthrenes

• ; phenanthridines; photocatalysis; radicals; visible light; Introduction Phenanthrenes are widely investigated compounds, due to the impressive number of diverse applications involving this scaffold, ranging from medicinal chemistry [1] to materials sciences, including their use in optoelectronics [2][3] and in

• of the Mallory photocyclization of stilbenes [10] leading to phenanthrenes, the interest in protocols for the construction of poly(hetero)aromatic cores under photochemical conditions has increased steadily, especially when solar light may be used [11]. Moreover, aza-analogues of phenanthrenes, in

Remarkable effect of alkynyl substituents on the fluorescence properties of a BN-phenanthrene

• Alberto Abengózar,
• David Sucunza,
• Patricia García-García and
• Juan J. Vaquero

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1257–1261, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.122

• -phenanthrenes with substituents of a diverse nature have been synthesized by palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of a common chloro-substituted precursor, which was made from readily available materials in only four steps. Evaluation of the photophysical properties of the prepared compounds unveiled an

• cross-coupling reactions [30], and we envisioned that this reaction could be used to prepare C7 substituted BN-phenanthrenes (Figure 1). Herein we report the synthesis of chloro-substituted BN-phenanthrene 1b, its derivatization via palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions and the significant effect

• -generation Grubbs catalyst to yield dihydro-BN-phenanthrene 4, which was oxidized to 1b under the conditions previously optimized for the synthesis of the parent BN-phenanthrene 1a [23]. Next, we explored the preparation of various substituted BN-phenanthrenes by means of palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling

A novel and efficient synthesis of phenanthrene derivatives via palladium/norbornadiene-catalyzed domino one-pot reaction

• Yue Zhong,
• Wen-Yu Wu,
• Shao-Peng Yu,
• Tian-Yuan Fan,
• Hai-Tao Yu,
• Nian-Guang Li,
• Zhi-Hao Shi,
• Yu-Ping Tang and
• Jin-Ao Duan

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 291–298, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.26

• substrate range, shorter reaction times and higher yields of products than previously reported methods. Keywords: C–H activation; norbornadiene; palladium; phenanthrene derivatives; Introduction Phenanthrene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon which contains three benzene rings. The phenanthrenes can be

• scope and relatively low reaction efficiency. Very recently, Fuk Yee Kwong and co-workers (Scheme 1d) developed a straightforward one pot π-extension method using norbornadiene instead of norbornene as directing group to afford the phenanthrenes [11]. However, ortho-haloaryl carboxylic acids employed in

• aryl iodides, ortho-bromobenzoyl chlorides and norbornadiene in one pot. A wide range of functional groups are compatible with the reaction, including both electron-withdrawing and electron-donating groups. Compared with previous work for the synthesis of the phenanthrenes, this method shows higher

Hypervalent organoiodine compounds: from reagents to valuable building blocks in synthesis

• Gwendal Grelier,
• Benjamin Darses and
• Philippe Dauban

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1508–1528, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.128

• phenanthrenes 54 in moderate to good yields (Scheme 19) [59]. Indoles also are relevant substrates for the tandem arylation with cyclic diaryl-λ3-iodanes, allowing the preparation of dibenzocarbazoles 55 in moderate yields (Scheme 20) [60]. The reaction is catalyzed simply by Pd(OAc)2 in the absence of any

• -iodanes. Synthesis of alkyne-substituted alkylidenefluorenes. Synthesis of phenanthrenes from cyclic diaryl-λ3-iodanes. Synthesis of dibenzocarbazoles from cyclic diaryl-λ3-iodanes. Synthesis of triazolophenantridines from cyclic diaryl-λ3-iodanes. Synthesis of functionalized benzoxazoles from cyclic

Synthesis of 1-indanones with a broad range of biological activity

• Marika Turek,
• Dorota Szczęsna,
• Marek Koprowski and
• Piotr Bałczewski

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 451–494, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.48

On the mechanism of photocatalytic reactions with eosin Y

• Michal Majek,
• Fabiana Filace and
• Axel Jacobi von Wangelin

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 981–989, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.97

• various applications of eosin Y to visible light-driven syntheses of biaryls [15], stilbenes [16], benzothiophenes [17], α-phenylketones [18], phenanthrenes [19], arylsulfides [20] and arylboron pinacolates [21] (Scheme 1). Numerous mechanistic studies have been performed at reactions with organometallic

• the recently reported syntheses of arylborinic esters [21] and phenanthrenes [19]. The absorption spectrum of a mixture of para-bromobenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate (p-BrC6H4N2BF4) and bispinacolato diboron (B2pin2) in acetonitrile shows a significant shoulder of a UV-absorption band tailing into

Gold(I)-catalyzed hydroarylation reaction of aryl (3-iodoprop-2-yn-1-yl) ethers: synthesis of 3-iodo-2H-chromene derivatives

• Pablo Morán-Poladura,
• Eduardo Rubio and
• José M. González

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 2120–2128, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.249

• accomplish a reaction manifold earlier recognized in the synthesis of regioisomeric halogenated phenanthrenes, but they are using two different metals [45]. Catalytic cycloisomerization reactions of heteroatom-substituted alkynes that take place without heteroatom migration are known [46][47][48]. On this

• proposed to mediate related hydroarylation reactions affording halogenated phenanthrenes [45] and 3-iodo-N-tosyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline derivatives [43]. Recent studies have provided strong evidence for their existence, and have demonstrated their powerful reactivity [51][52][53][54][55], identifying them as

Continuous flow photocyclization of stilbenes – scalable synthesis of functionalized phenanthrenes and helicenes

• Quentin Lefebvre,
• Marc Jentsch and
• Magnus Rueping

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 1883–1890, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.221

• backbone functionalized phenanthrenes and helicenes of various sizes in good yields. Keywords: continuous-flow reactor; flow chemistry; helicenes; light-driven cyclization reaction; photocyclization; stilbenes; Introduction Phenanthrenes are versatile intermediates toward polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

• of scalable and flexible syntheses [1][2][3][4][5]. Following the pioneering examples of Scholz [6] and Martin [7] in 1967, the photocyclization of stilbene derivatives under UV-light irradiation is now a classical method for the synthesis of phenanthrenes and helicene-like molecules [8]. However

• [9][10][11][12]. Much effort has devoted to the development of alternative pathways toward helicenes, but most approaches require lengthy syntheses of the precursors [13][14][15]. It should be noted that an elegant semi-one-pot procedure for the synthesis of phenanthrenes from styrenes and benzene

Synthesis, electronic properties and self-assembly on Au{111} of thiolated (oligo)phenothiazines

• Adam W. Franz,
• Svetlana Stoycheva,
• Michael Himmelhaus and
• Thomas J. J. Müller

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, No. 72, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.72

• [18], porphyrin derivatives [20], phenanthrenes [22][23], fullerenes [24], and optically active naphthalenes [25] adsorbed on gold were studied in break-junction experiments and their properties on conductance, 1-bit random access memory and, especially, with regard to their ability to function as