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Search for "physicochemical characterization" in Full Text gives 11 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry.
Thiadiazino-indole, thiadiazino-carbazole and benzothiadiazino-carbazole dioxides: synthesis, physicochemical and early ADME characterization of representatives of new tri-, tetra- and pentacyclic ring systems and their intermediates
- Gyöngyvér Pusztai,
- László Poszávácz,
- Anna Vincze,
- András Marton,
- Ahmed Qasim Abdulhussein,
- Judit Halász,
- András Dancsó,
- Gyula Simig,
- György Tibor Balogh and
- Balázs Volk
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2220–2233, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.169
- metabolic stability of the most promising derivatives was also determined using human liver microsomes. Keywords: early ADME characterization; Fischer indole cyclization; heterocycles; indoles; lead-likeness; new ring systems; physicochemical characterization; Introduction Considering the published
- physicochemical characterization, we conducted standardized metabolic stability assessments on pooled human liver microsome (HLM) isolates of the primary and secondary lead compounds identified during the solubility and permeability studies. The measured values are summarized in the last column of Table 2 and
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: Phthalazinones 1, benzothiadiazine dioxides 2, and thiadiazinoindole dioxides 3.
Scheme 1: Synthesis of tri- and tetracyclic thiadiazinoindole dioxides 3.
Figure 2: 1H NMR and selective 1D NOESY (with the excitation of NH) spectra of (E)-7h.
Figure 3: 1H NMR and selective 1D NOESY (with the excitation of NH) spectra of (Z)-7h.
Scheme 2: Synthesis of pentacyclic compounds 10.
Figure 4: X-ray structures of compounds 3d (A), 7d (B), (Z)-7h (C), and (E)-9a (D).
Figure 5: The capacity factor (logk) vs calculated partition coefficients (clogP) by ACD Labs/Percepta [36]); the...
C2 to C6 biobased carbonyl platforms for fine chemistry
- Jingjing Jiang,
- Muhammad Noman Haider Tariq,
- Florence Popowycz,
- Yanlong Gu and
- Yves Queneau
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2103–2172, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.165
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: C2–C6 biobased carbonyl building blocks.
Scheme 1: Proposed (2 + 2) route to glycolaldehyde and glycolic acid from erythritol by Cu/AC catalyst (AC = ...
Scheme 2: Reductive amination of GCA.
Scheme 3: N-Formylation of secondary amines by reaction with GCA.
Scheme 4: Synthesis and conversion of hydroxy acetals to cyclic acetals.
Scheme 5: Synthesis of 3-(indol-3-yl)-2,3-dihydrofurans via three-component reaction of glycolaldehyde, indol...
Scheme 6: BiCl3-catalyzed synthesis of benzo[a]carbazoles from 2-arylindoles and α-bromoacetaldehyde ethylene...
Scheme 7: Cu/NCNSs-based conversion of glycerol to glycolic acid and other short biobased acids.
Scheme 8: E. coli-based biotransformation of C1 source molecules (CH4, CO2 and CO) towards C2 glycolic acid.
Scheme 9: N-Formylation of amines with C2 (a) or C3 (b) biomass-based feedstocks.
Scheme 10: Methods for the formation of propanoic acid (PA) from lactic acid (LA).
Scheme 11: Co-polymerization of biobased lactic acid and glycolic acid via a bicatalytic process.
Scheme 12: Oxidation of α-hydroxy acids by tetrachloroaurate(III) in acetic acid–sodium acetate buffer medium.
Figure 2: Selective catalytic pathways for the conversion of lactic acid (LA).
Scheme 13: Synthesis of 1,3-PDO via cross-aldol reaction between formaldehyde and acetaldehyde to 3-hydroxypro...
Scheme 14: Hydrothermal conversion of 1,3-dihydroxy-2-propane and 2,3-dihydroxypropanal to methylglyoxal.
Scheme 15: FLS-catalyzed formose reaction to synthesize GA and DHA.
Scheme 16: GCA and DHA oxidation products of glycerol and isomerization of GCA to DHA under flow conditions us...
Scheme 17: Acid-catalyzed reactions of DHA with alcohols.
Scheme 18: Synthesis of dihydroxyacetone phosphate from dihydroxyacetone.
Scheme 19: Bifunctional acid–base catalyst DHA conversion into lactic acid via pyruvaldehyde or fructose forma...
Scheme 20: Catalytic one-pot synthesis of GA and co-synthesis of formamides and formates from DHA.
Scheme 21: (a) Synthesis of furan derivatives and (b) synthesis of thiophene derivative by cascade [3 + 2] ann...
Scheme 22: Brønsted acidic ionic liquid catalyzed synthesis of benzo[a]carbazole from renewable acetol and 2-p...
Scheme 23: Asymmetric hydrogenation of α-hydroxy ketones to 1,2-diols.
Scheme 24: Synthesis of novel 6-(substituted benzylidene)-2-methylthiazolo [2,3-b]oxazol-5(6H)-one from 1-hydr...
Scheme 25: ʟ-Proline-catalyzed synthesis of anti-diols from hydroxyacetone and aldehydes.
Scheme 26: C–C-bond-formation reactions of a biomass-based feedstock aromatic aldehyde (C5) and hydroxyacetone...
Scheme 27: Ethanol upgrading to C4 bulk chemicals via the thiamine (VB1)-catalyzed acetoin condensation.
Scheme 28: One-pot sequential chemoenzymatic synthesis of 2-aminobutane-1,4-diol and 1,2,4-butanetriol via 1,4...
Scheme 29: Synthesis of 1,4-dihydroxybutan-2-one by microbial transformation.
Scheme 30: Conversion of polyols by [neocuproine)Pd(OAc)]2(OTf)2] to α-hydroxy ketones.
Scheme 31: Chemoselective oxidation of alcohols with chiral palladium-based catalyst 2.
Scheme 32: Electrochemical transformation of furfural to 5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (HFO).
Scheme 33: Selective hydrodeoxygenation of HFO and oxidation to γ-butyrolactone (GBL).
Scheme 34: Photosensitized oxygenation of furan towards HFO via ozonide intermediates.
Scheme 35: Conversion of furfural to HFO and MAN by using mesoporous carbon nitride (SGCN) as photocatalyst.
Scheme 36: Synthesis of HFO from furan derivatives.
Scheme 37: Photooxidation of furfural to 5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (HFO).
Scheme 38: Synthesis of Friedel–Crafts indole adduct from HFO.
Scheme 39: Conversion of HFO to α,γ-substituted chiral γ-lactones.
Scheme 40: Tautomeric transformation of HFO to formylacrylic acid.
Scheme 41: Hydrolysis of HFO to succinic acid in aqueous solution.
Scheme 42: Substitution and condensation reactions of 5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (HFO).
Scheme 43: (a) Conversion of HFO towards valuable C4 chemicals and (b) anodic oxidation of 5-hydroxy-2(5H)-fur...
Figure 3: Conversion of HFO towards other natural and synthetic substances.
Scheme 44: Conversion of furfural to maleic anhydride (reaction a: VOx/Al2O3; reaction b: VPO).
Scheme 45: Conversion of furfural into succinic acid.
Scheme 46: Electro‑, photo‑, and biocatalysis for one-pot selective conversions of furfural into C4 chemicals.
Scheme 47: Production route of furfural from hemicellulose.
Scheme 48: Mechanism for xylose dehydration to furfural through a choline xyloside intermediate.
Scheme 49: Conversion of furfural to furfuryl alcohol and its derivatives.
Scheme 50: Conversion of furfural to furfuryl alcohol and 3-(2-furyl)acrolein.
Scheme 51: The aerobic oxidative condensation of biomass-derived furfural and linear alcohols.
Scheme 52: The single-step synthesis of 2-pentanone from furfural.
Scheme 53: Electrocatalytic coupling reaction of furfural and levulinic acid.
Scheme 54: Conversion of furfural to m-xylylenediamine.
Scheme 55: Conversion of furfural to tetrahydrofuran-derived amines.
Scheme 56: Formation of trans-4,5-diamino-cyclopent-2-enones from furfural.
Scheme 57: Production of pyrrole and proline from furfural.
Scheme 58: Synthesis of 1‑(trifluoromethyl)-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-en-2-ones from furfural.
Scheme 59: Conversion of furfural to furfural-derived diacids.
Scheme 60: A telescope protocol derived from furfural and glycerol.
Scheme 61: A tandem cyclization of furfural and 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexanedione.
Scheme 62: A Ugi four-component reaction to construct furfural-based polyamides.
Scheme 63: One-pot synthesis of γ-acyloxy-Cy7 from furfural.
Scheme 64: Dimerization–Piancatelli sequence toward humins precursors from furfural.
Scheme 65: Conversion of furfural to CPN.
Scheme 66: Synthesis of jet fuels range cycloalkanes from CPN and lignin-derived vanillin.
Scheme 67: Solar-energy-driven synthesis of high-density biofuels from CPN.
Scheme 68: Reductive amination of CPN to cyclopentylamine.
Scheme 69: Asymmetric hydrogenation of C=O bonds of exocyclic α,β-unsaturated cyclopentanones.
Scheme 70: Preparation of levulinic acid via the C5 route (route a) or C6 route (routes b1 and b2).
Scheme 71: Mechanism of the rehydration of HMF to levulinic acid and formic acid.
Scheme 72: Important levulinic acid-derived chemicals.
Scheme 73: Direct conversion of levulinic acid to pentanoic acid.
Scheme 74: Catalytic aerobic oxidation of levulinic acid to citramalic acid.
Scheme 75: Conversion of levulinic acid to 1,4-pentanediol (a) see ref. [236]; b) see ref. [237]; c) see ref. [238]; d) see r...
Scheme 76: Selective production of 2-butanol through hydrogenolysis of levulinic acid.
Scheme 77: General reaction pathways proposed for the formation of 5MPs from levulinic acid.
Scheme 78: Selective reductive amination of levulinic acid to N-substituted pyrroles.
Scheme 79: Reductive amination of levulinic acid to chiral pyrrolidinone.
Scheme 80: Reductive amination of levulinic acid to non-natural chiral γ-amino acid.
Scheme 81: Nitrogen-containing chemicals derived from levulinic acid.
Scheme 82: Preparation of GVL from levulinic acid by dehydration and hydrogenation.
Scheme 83: Ruthenium-catalyzed levulinic acid to chiral γ-valerolactone.
Scheme 84: Catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation of levulinic acid to chiral GVL.
Scheme 85: Three steps synthesis of ε-caprolactam from GVL.
Scheme 86: Multistep synthesis of nylon 6,6 from GVL.
Scheme 87: Preparation of MeGVL by α-alkylation of GVL.
Scheme 88: Ring-opening polymerization of five-membered lactones.
Scheme 89: Synthesis of GVL-based ionic liquids.
Scheme 90: Preparation of butene isomers from GVL under Lewis acid conditions.
Scheme 91: Construction of C5–C12 fuels from GVL over nano-HZSM-5 catalysts.
Scheme 92: Preparation of alkyl valerate from GVL via ring opening/reduction/esterification sequence.
Scheme 93: Construction of 4-acyloxypentanoic acids from GVL.
Scheme 94: Synthesis of 1,4-pentanediol (PDO) from GVL.
Scheme 95: Construction of novel cyclic hemiketal platforms via self-Claisen condensation of GVL.
Scheme 96: Copper-catalyzed lactamization of GVL.
Figure 4: Main scaffolds obtained from HMF.
Scheme 97: Biginelli reactions towards HMF-containing dihydropyrimidinones.
Scheme 98: Hantzsch dihydropyridine synthesis involving HMF.
Scheme 99: The Kabachnik–Fields reaction involving HMF.
Scheme 100: Construction of oxazolidinone from HMF.
Scheme 101: Construction of rhodamine-furan hybrids from HMF.
Scheme 102: A Groebke–Blackburn–Bienaymé reaction involving HMF.
Scheme 103: HMF-containing benzodiazepines by [4 + 2 + 1] cycloadditions.
Scheme 104: Synthesis of fluorinated analogues of α-aryl ketones.
Scheme 105: Synthesis of HMF derived disubstituted γ-butyrolactone.
Scheme 106: Functionalized aromatics from furfural and HMF.
Scheme 107: Diels–Alder adducts from HMF or furfural with N-methylmaleimide.
Scheme 108: Pathway of the one-pot conversion of HMF into phthalic anhydride.
Scheme 109: Photocatalyzed preparation of humins (L-H) from HMF mixed with spoiled HMF residues (LMW-H) and fur...
Scheme 110: Asymmetric dipolar cycloadditions on HMF.
Scheme 111: Dipolar cycloadditions of HMF based nitrones to 3,4- and 3,5-substituted isoxazolidines.
Scheme 112: Production of δ-lactone-fused cyclopenten-2-ones from HMF.
Scheme 113: Aza-Piancatelli access to aza-spirocycles from HMF-derived intermediates.
Scheme 114: Cross-condensation of furfural, acetone and HMF into C13, C14 and C15 products.
Scheme 115: Base-catalyzed aldol condensation/dehydration sequences from HMF.
Scheme 116: Condensation of HMF and active methylene nitrile.
Scheme 117: MBH reactions involving HMF.
Scheme 118: Synthesis of HMF-derived ionic liquids.
Scheme 119: Reductive amination/enzymatic acylation sequence towards HMF-based surfactants.
Scheme 120: The formation of 5-chloromethylfurfural (CMF).
Scheme 121: Conversion of CMF to HMF, levulinic acid, and alkyl levulinates.
Scheme 122: Conversion of CMF to CMFCC and FDCC.
Scheme 123: Conversion of CMF to BHMF.
Scheme 124: Conversion of CMF to DMF.
Scheme 125: CMF chlorine atom substitutions toward HMF ethers and esters.
Scheme 126: Introduction of carbon nucleophiles in CMF.
Scheme 127: NHC-catalyzed remote enantioselective Mannich-type reactions of CMF.
Scheme 128: Conversion of CMF to promising biomass-derived dyes.
Scheme 129: Radical transformation of CMF with styrenes.
Scheme 130: Synthesis of natural herbicide δ-aminolevulinic acid from CMF.
Scheme 131: Four step synthesis of the drug ranitidine from CMF.
Scheme 132: Pd/CO2 cooperative catalysis for the production of HHD and HXD.
Scheme 133: Different ruthenium (Ru) catalysts for the ring-opening of 5-HMF to HHD.
Scheme 134: Proposed pathways for preparing HXD from HMF.
Scheme 135: MCP formation and uses.
Scheme 136: Cu(I)-catalyzed highly selective oxidation of HHD to 2,5-dioxohexanal.
Scheme 137: Synthesis of N‑substituted 3‑hydroxypyridinium salts from 2,5-dioxohexanal.
Scheme 138: Ru catalyzed hydrogenations of HHD to 1,2,5-hexanetriol (a) see ref. [396]; b) see ref. [397]).
Scheme 139: Aviation fuel range quadricyclanes produced by HXD.
Scheme 140: Synthesis of HDGK from HXD and glycerol as a chain extender.
Scheme 141: Synthesis of serinol pyrrole from HXD and serinol.
Scheme 142: Synthesis of pyrroles from HXD and nitroarenes.
Scheme 143: Two-step production of PX from cellulose via HXD.
Scheme 144: Preparation of HCPN from HMF via hydrogenation and ring rearrangement.
Scheme 145: Suggested pathways from HMF to HCPN.
Scheme 146: α-Alkylation of HCPN with ethylene gas.
Scheme 147: Synthesis of 3-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopentylamine from HMF via reductive amination of HCPN.
Scheme 148: Production of LGO and Cyrene® from biomass.
Scheme 149: Synthesis of HBO from LGO and other applications.
Scheme 150: Construction of m-Cyrene® homopolymer.
Scheme 151: Conversion of Cyrene® to THFDM and 1,6-hexanediol.
Scheme 152: RAFT co-polymerization of LGO and butadienes.
Scheme 153: Polycondensation of HO-LGOL and diols with dimethyl adipate.
Scheme 154: Self-condensation of Cyrene® and Claisen–Schmidt reactions.
Scheme 155: Synthesis of 5-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran from Cyrene®.
Analogs of the carotane antibiotic fulvoferruginin from submerged cultures of a Thai Marasmius sp.
- Birthe Sandargo,
- Leon Kaysan,
- Rémy B. Teponno,
- Christian Richter,
- Benjarong Thongbai,
- Frank Surup and
- Marc Stadler
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1385–1391, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.97
- moderate antifungal activity. A recent find of a Marasmius species in Northern Thailand led, however, to the isolation and identification of five novel derivatives of this carotane-type sesquiterpenoid. The present study is dedicated to describing their isolation, and biological and physicochemical
- characterization. Results Structure elucidation of the secondary metabolites 2–6 Preparative HPLC of the supernatant crude extract of a submerged cultivation of Marasmius sp. strain MFLUCC 14-0681 in ZM½ media led to the isolation of six carotane sesquiterpenoids, fulvoferruginins A–F (1–6, Figure 1). The first
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: Structures of fulvoferruginin (1) and the newly isolated derivatives fulvoferruginins B–F (2–6).
Figure 2: KEY HMBC (arrows) and COSY (thick bonds) correlations of compounds 2 and 3.
Figure 3: Key ROESY correlations of metabolite 3.
Skeletocutins M–Q: biologically active compounds from the fruiting bodies of the basidiomycete Skeletocutis sp. collected in Africa
- Tian Cheng,
- Clara Chepkirui,
- Cony Decock,
- Josphat C. Matasyoh and
- Marc Stadler
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2782–2789, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.270
- isolation as well as biological and physicochemical characterization. Results and Discussion The fruiting bodies of the fungal specimen MUCL56074 were extracted with acetone and subsequently purified via preparative HPLC, which led to the isolation of five previously undescribed secondary metabolites, 1–5
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: HPLC–UV chromatogram of the extract from fruiting bodies of Skeletocutis sp. (detection wavelength ...
Figure 2: Chemical structures of compounds 1–6.
Figure 3: Inhibition Leu-AMC hydrolysis. a) c (ʟ-Leu-AMC) = 100 µM. b) c (ʟ-Leu-AMC) = 50 µM.
Lanyamycin, a macrolide antibiotic from Sorangium cellulosum, strain Soce 481 (Myxobacteria)
- Lucky S. Mulwa,
- Rolf Jansen,
- Dimas F. Praditya,
- Kathrin I. Mohr,
- Patrick W. Okanya,
- Joachim Wink,
- Eike Steinmann and
- Marc Stadler
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1554–1562, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.132
- distinctive peak and UV spectrum in the HPLC. Its production, isolation, biological and physicochemical characterization is reported in the current paper. Results and Discussion Lanyamycin (1/2, Figure 1) was isolated as a pale-yellow amorphous substance. On silica gel TLC it had an Rf value of 0.43 with
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: Lanyamycin (1/2), differing at C-26, isolated from Sorangium cellulosum (Soce 481).
Figure 2: Structure fragments of lanyamycin (1/2) from 1H,1H-COSY spectrum (bold bonds) and selected 1H,13C-H...
Figure 3: Structure of bafilomycin A1.
Figure 4: 3D Model of the macrolactone ring of lanyamycin (1/2) and selected ROESY correlations. Green arrows...
Figure 5: HCV assay: NC = negative control, EGCG = positive control, Cpd1 = lanyamycin (1/2).
Crystal structure of the inclusion complex of cholesterol in β-cyclodextrin and molecular dynamics studies
- Elias Christoforides,
- Andreas Papaioannou and
- Kostas Bethanis
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 838–848, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.69
- dairy products has been studied thoroughly in recent years. Although the physicochemical characterization of the inclusion compound of cholesterol in β-CD has been achieved by various methods, no crystal structure has been determined so far. We report here the crystal structure of the inclusion compound
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: Schematic representation of (a) the cholesterol molecule; (b) the β-cyclodextrin molecule.
Figure 2: (a) Crystal structure of the inclusion compound of cholesterol in β-CD dimer. Water molecules are o...
Figure 3: RMSD over time for all CHL (green) and β-CD (blue) atoms (a) at 300 K and (b) at 340 K.
Figure 4: Representative snapshots of the CHL/β-CD inclusion complex at 0 (a, c) and 11 ns (b, d) in timescal...
Figure 5: (a) Distance between the O1 atom (CHL) and the centroid DK of the O4n atoms of host A at 300 (green...
Biomimetic synthesis and HPLC–ECD analysis of the isomers of dracocephins A and B
- Viktor Ilkei,
- András Spaits,
- Anita Prechl,
- Áron Szigetvári,
- Zoltán Béni,
- Miklós Dékány,
- Csaba Szántay Jr,
- Judit Müller,
- Árpád Könczöl,
- Ádám Szappanos,
- Attila Mándi,
- Sándor Antus,
- Ana Martins,
- Attila Hunyadi,
- György Tibor Balogh,
- György Kalaus (†),
- Hedvig Bölcskei,
- László Hazai and
- Tibor Kurtán
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 2523–2534, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.247
- arises from the amidocarbinol ether (±)-9 after protonation and loss of ethanol. The planar structure of the cation explains the lack of stereoselectivity observed in the reaction. Physicochemical measurements Physicochemical characterization of dracocephins A and B was also carried out. The relevant
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: Structures of (±)-naringenin, (±)-dracocephins A1–A4 and B1–B4 with the indication of the absolute ...
Scheme 1: Proposed biosynthetic route to dracocephins A and B.
Scheme 2: Synthesis of (±)-5-ethoxypyrrolidine-2-one ((±)-9).
Scheme 3: Synthesis of (±)-dracocephins A and B (±)-2a–d and (±)-3a–d and the elution order of stereoisomers ...
Figure 2: a) Chiral HPLC–UV and HPLC–ECD traces of dracocephins A (2a–d) using Chiralpak IC column with the e...
Figure 3: Structure and population of the low-energy CAM-B3LYP/TZVP PCM/CHCl3 conformers (>2%) of (R)-1.
Figure 4: Experimental HPLC–ECD spectrum of (R)-naringenin ((R)-1) compared with the Boltzmann-weighted ECD s...
Figure 5: Structure and population of the low-energy CAM-B3LYP/TZVP PCM/MeCN conformers (>2%) of (2R,5’’R)-2d....
Figure 6: Structure and population of the low-energy CAM-B3LYP/TZVP PCM/MeCN conformers (>2%) of (2R,5’’S)-2a....
Figure 7: Experimental HPLC-ECD spectra of (2R,5’’S)-2a (second eluted stereoisomer) and (2R,5’’R)-2d (fourth...
Figure 8: Experimental HPLC–ECD spectra of (2R,5’’S)-2a and (2R,5’’R)-2d compared with the Boltzmann-weighted...
Figure 9: a) Chiral HPLC–UV and HPLC–ECD traces of dracocephins B1–B4 3a–d using a Chiralpak IC column with t...
Figure 10: Structure and population of the low-energy CAM-B3LYP/TZVP PCM/MeCN conformers (>2%) of (2R,5’’R)-3c....
Figure 11: Structure and population of the low-energy CAM-B3LYP/TZVP PCM/MeCN conformers (>2%) of (2R,5’’S)-3b....
Figure 12: Experimental HPLC-ECD spectra of 3b (first eluted stereoisomer) and 3c (third eluted stereoisomer) ...
Figure 13: Experimental HPLC-ECD spectra of 3b and 3c compared with the Boltzmann-weighted ECD spectra compute...
Figure 14: Proposed mechanism for the formation of dracocephins A and B (2a–d and 3a–d) starting from (±)-9.
Multivalent dendritic polyglycerolamine with arginine and histidine end groups for efficient siRNA transfection
- Fatemeh Sheikhi Mehrabadi,
- Hanxiang Zeng,
- Mark Johnson,
- Cathleen Schlesener,
- Zhibin Guan and
- Rainer Haag
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 763–772, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.86
- comparable with dPG-NH2 50% and 90%. Average particle size and surface charges of AAdPG/siRNA polyplexes The appropriate particle size and surface charge are critical characteristics of nanoplexes for efficient transfection [29]. Physicochemical characterization of AAdPG/siRNA polyplexes was conducted using
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: Synthesis of multivalent arginine and histidine functionalized dPG-NH2 50%. The depicted dPG-NH2 re...
Figure 1: Agarose gel electrophoresis retardation assay of AAdPGs/siRNA polyplexes. (A) dPG-13Arg13His, (B) d...
Figure 2: Size measurements of dPG-NH2 50% and AAdPGs/siRNA complexes. Intensity distributions of all polyple...
Figure 3: The result of MTT assay on a NIH 3T3 cell line transfected with AAdPG, dPG-NH2 50%, and 90%/siRNA p...
Figure 4: Cell viability versus transfection efficiency of dPG-8Arg30His and dPG-NH2 90% at N/P ratio 30.
Figure 5: Summary of transfection results versus viability of AAdPGs with various Arg and His composition rat...
Figure 6: Confocal images of NIH 3T3 cells treated with Cy3-siRNA/vector complexes: (A) naked siRNA, (B) lipo...
Formulation development, stability and anticancer efficacy of core-shell cyclodextrin nanocapsules for oral chemotherapy with camptothecin
- Hale Ünal,
- Naile Öztürk and
- Erem Bilensoy
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 204–212, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.22
- nanocapsules, physicochemical characterization of CPT-loaded CD nanocapsules, determination of CPT loading, in vitro CPT release studies, CPT stability in simulated GI fluids and cytotoxicity, anticancer efficacy and permeability assay of CD nanocapsules. Supporting Information File 140: Experimental data
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: Scanning electron microphotographs of A) 6OCAPRO nanocapsules and B) CS-6OCAPRO nanocapsules.
Figure 2: In vitro release profiles of CPT from anionic and cationic CD nanocapsules in pH 1.2 PBS A) in 2 ho...
Figure 3: Cell viability of blank 6OCAPRO and CS-6OCAPRO nanocapsules against L929 cells after 48 h incubatio...
Figure 4: Viability of MCF-7 cells cultured with CPT loaded 6OCAPRO and CS-6OCAPRO nanocapsules in comparison...
Figure 5: Apparent permeability coefficient (Paap) of different CPT formulations: CPT in DMSO solution, CPT l...
Synthesis and physicochemical characterization of novel phenotypic probes targeting the nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway
- Paul M. Hershberger,
- Satyamaheshwar Peddibhotla,
- E. Hampton Sessions,
- Daniela B. Divlianska,
- Ricardo G. Correa,
- Anthony B. Pinkerton,
- John C. Reed and
- Gregory P. Roth
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 900–907, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.103
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: Synthesis of ML029 (4).
Scheme 2: Synthesis of ML236 (8).
Scheme 3: Synthesis of ML237 (12).
Scheme 4: Synthesis of ML130 (13).
Scheme 5: Synthesis of ML146 (17).
Inclusion of the insecticide fenitrothion in dimethylated-β-cyclodextrin: unusual guest disorder in the solid state and efficient retardation of the hydrolysis rate of the complexed guest in alkaline solution
- Dyanne L. Cruickshank,
- Natalia M. Rougier,
- Raquel V. Vico,
- Susan A. Bourne,
- Elba I. Buján,
- Mino R. Caira and
- Rita H. de Rossi
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 106–117, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.14
- (2,6-di-O-methyl)-β-CD (DIMEB), the latter molecule having properties intermediate between those of the native and fully methylated counterparts [10]. The preparation and physicochemical characterization of the crystalline inclusion complex DIMEB·1 are presented, this complex crystallizing in a novel
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: Chemical structure of fenitrothion (1).
Figure 2: Representative TGA (top) and DSC (bottom) traces for DIMEB·1.
Figure 3: The asymmetric unit in DIMEB•1 viewed along [010] (top) and [100] (bottom). H atoms are omitted for...
Figure 4: The host molecules in the asymmetric unit of DIMEB·1 with the labelling of both residues and atoms ...
Figure 5: The rotamers of 1 occupying the cavity of host molecule A. Common atoms have labels with suffix A, ...
Figure 6: Stereoview of the three disordered guest components that occupy the cavity of host molecule B. Gues...
Figure 7: Space-filling diagrams showing the relative orientations of guest molecules within the cavities of ...
Figure 8: Packing diagrams of the DIMEB·1 structure, viewed along [100] (left) and [010] (right). The symmetr...
Figure 9: Induced circular dichroism (a) and UV–vis (b) spectra of 1 in the presence of β-CD (10 mM, green), ...
Scheme 1: Reaction of fenitrothion in basic media.
Figure 10: Plot of kobs versus [DIMEB] for the hydrolysis reaction of fenitrothion with HO– at different conce...
Scheme 2: Mechanism of the hydrolysis reaction of 1 mediated by DIMEB.
