Wavelength-dependent correlation of LIPSS periodicity and laser penetration depth in stainless steel

• Nitin Chaudhary,
• Chavan Akash Naik,
• Shilpa Mangalassery,
• Jai Prakash Gautam and
• Sri Ram Gopal Naraharisetty

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1302–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.95

• fixed at 20 mW. For each wavelength, four different step sizes and scanning speeds were explored. Table 1 below displays the optimal spatial periodicity of LIPSS structures obtained for each wavelength. In this work, we fabricated LIPSS over a large area 5 mm × 5 mm and optimization was carried out for

• subsequently displays a decline with further increases in wavelength. This decline is less pronounced compared to our previous report, as we maintained a constant incident power. The HSFL variation trend is very similar to the LSFL trend, as evident from Figure 6, but their orientation is perpendicular to the

• pure metals [70][71][72]. Figure 7 displays cross-sectional surface morphology images for samples irradiated with 600, 1200, 2000, 2200, and 2400 nm laser wavelength. As depicted in Figure 8 and Table 2, the diagram reveals a contradiction to the established principle of skin depth, as the depth of

Enhancing the photoelectrochemical performance of BiOI-derived BiVO₄ films by controlled-intensity current electrodeposition

• Huu Phuc Dang,
• Khanh Quang Nguyen,
• Nguyen Thi Mai Tho and
• Tran Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1289–1301, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.94

• effects of enhanced crystallinity, film morphology, and preferential crystal orientation. As shown in the XRD patterns (Figure 1), BiVO4(326) displays the most intense (121) and (040) diffraction peaks among all the samples, suggesting preferred growth along these planes, which are known to facilitate

Chitosan nanocomposite containing rotenoids: an alternative bioinsecticidal approach for the management of Aedes aegypti

• Maria A. A. Bertonceli,
• Vitor D. C. Cristo,
• Ivo J. Vieira,
• Francisco J. A. Lemos,
• Arnoldo R. Façanha,
• Raimundo Braz-Filho,
• Gustavo V. T. Batista,
• Luis G. M. Basso,
• Sérgio H. Seabra,
• Thalya S. R. Nogueira,
• Felipe F. Moreira,
• Arícia L. E. M. Assis,
• Antônia E. A. Oliveira and
• Kátia V. S. Fernandes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1197–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.88

• −1 range are attributed to the bending vibrations of C–H in methyl and methylene groups [22][23][24]. The spectrum of pure rotenoids displays a complex profile with multiple peaks due to the presence of diverse functional groups [14]. Notably, 6-aromatic C=C stretching appears in the 1600–1300 cm−1

Electronic and optical properties of chloropicrin adsorbed ZnS nanotubes: first principle analysis

• Prakash Yadav,
• Boddepalli SanthiBhushan and
• Anurag Srivastava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1184–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.87

• for applications ranging from ultraviolet light-emitting diodes and injection lasers to flat-panel displays and sensors [15][16][17][18][19]. ZnS, a promising transition metal chalcogenide with a wide bandgap of approximately 3.7 eV, has shown remarkable potential in gas sensing applications

• pristine ZnS NT and CP-adsorbed ZnS NT at orientations A, B, C, and D reveal significant variations that elucidate the interaction mechanisms between CP molecules and ZnS NTs. For pristine ZnS NTs, the spectrum displays multiple sharp peaks in the UV region (250–400 nm), with the strongest peak occurring

• C displays a broader absorption spectrum with multiple peaks spanning the UV (250–400 nm) and visible (400–700 nm) regions. The visible range peaks, though less intense than those in Orientation A, are broader, indicating complex interactions between the CP molecule and the ZnS NT. This could arise

Crystalline and amorphous structure selectivity of ignoble high-entropy alloy nanoparticles during laser ablation in organic liquids is set by pulse duration

• Robert Stuckert,
• Felix Pohl,
• Oleg Prymak,
• Ulrich Schürmann,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Lorenz Kienle and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1141–1159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.84

• well as differential scanning calorimetry. Figure 4B displays the TEM in situ heating experiment and SAED patterns of an amorphous sample made by ns-LAL in acetone with increasing temperature. The diffuse and broad intensity that results from an amorphous structure gets sharper, especially for the (111

Piezoelectricity of hexagonal boron nitrides improves bone tissue generation as tested on osteoblasts

• Sevin Adiguzel,
• Nilay Cicek,
• Zehra Cobandede,
• Feray B. Misirlioglu,
• Hulya Yilmaz and
• Mustafa Culha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1068–1081, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.78

• -plane bending vibration, respectively [43]. The broad band at 3200 cm−1 could be attributed to stretching vibrations of hydroxyl groups (O–H) of hBNs or humidity. Supporting Information File 1, Figure S3 (d) displays the Raman spectrum of hBNs, which reveals a dominant peak at 1367 cm−1, in line with

• experiments to reflect a strategy to explore dose-response relationships in a nontoxic range. Cellular uptake assay Figure 4 displays the SSC% shift observed for both NMs compared to the control group. The SSC% shift in hBNs and hBNs+US treated cells remained consistent across concentrations and were nearly

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

Time-resolved probing of laser-induced nanostructuring processes in liquids

• Maximilian Spellauge,
• David Redka,
• Mianzhen Mo,
• Changyong Song,
• Heinz Paul Huber and
• Anton Plech

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 968–1002, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.74

• particles. The particles only occupy a mass fraction of 0.02%. Figure 9A displays the relative changes in scattering when the suspension is irradiated by 1 ps laser pulses at the interband transition at 400 nm. This difference, ΔI, includes negative and positive contributions depending on the formation

Synthesis of biowaste-derived carbon-dot-mediated silver nanoparticles and the evaluation of electrochemical properties for supercapacitor electrodes

• Navya Kumari Tenkayala,
• Chandan Kumar Maity,
• Md Moniruzzaman and
• Subramani Devaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 933–943, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.71

• PG-CDs-AgNPs were recorded. As the excitation wavelength rises from 250 to 370 nm, the PL emission intensity gradually rises and the maximum PL emission intensity (430 nm) was attained at the excitation wavelength of 340 nm as displayed in Figure 1c. Figure 1d displays the excitation and emission

• contour map of PG-CDs-AgNPs, which suggests the PL emission in the blue range. The crystalline nature of the PG-CDs-AgNPs was established from the X-ray diffraction pattern. Figure 2a displays an XRD pattern of the PG-CDs-AgNPs synthesized via PG-CDs mediated reduction. According to the XRD pattern, the

• -CDs-AgNPs proves the existence of O, C, and Ag (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2c–e). Figure 4a–c displays TEM images of PG-CDs-AgNPs with different scale bars exhibiting that the particles are spherical and uniformly distributed. Figure 4d is the HR-TEM image of PG-CDs-AgNPs, exhibiting a

Structural and magnetic properties of microwave-synthesized reduced graphene oxide/VO₂/Fe₂O₃ nanocomposite

• Sumanta Sahoo,
• Ankur Sood and
• Sung Soo Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 921–932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.70

• is important to note that the diffraction pattern of GVF also displays a few characteristic peaks of VO2 with smaller intensity values, indicating its minimal presence in the formed GVF. Additionally, slight shifting of the peak position of individual components in the NCs is an indication of

• (Figure 3d). It is interesting to note that, while GV displays a lower value, GVF displays a higher ID/IG ratio than that of rGO (0.79). Notably, the induction of defects in graphene structures through NC formation generally leads to improved magnetic properties [37][38][39]. Therefore, the GVF is

• exfoliation of graphene sheets. On the other hand, the SEM micrograph of GVF demonstrates the dispersion of the nanorods of VO2 and NPs on Fe2O3 on the graphene surface (Figure 4c,d). It is important to note that the morphological analysis of GVF displays a porous nature, which is also favorable for

Focused ion beam-induced platinum deposition with a low-temperature cesium ion source

• Thomas Henning Loeber,
• Bert Laegel,
• Meltem Sezen,
• Feray Bakan Misirlioglu,
• Edgar J. D. Vredenbregt and
• Yang Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 910–920, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.69

• of the Cs+ FIBID-Pt deposits using focused electron beam-induced deposition (FEBID). Therefore, a C-rich region exists in the lower-left corner of the C map. EDS spectra were taken at five points within the bulk deposit and then averaged to determine the chemical composition. Figure 6 displays these

Characterization of ion track-etched conical nanopores in thermal and PECVD SiO₂ using small angle X-ray scattering

• Shankar Dutt,
• Rudradeep Chakraborty,
• Christian Notthoff,
• Pablo Mota-Santiago,
• Christina Trautmann and
• Patrick Kluth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 899–909, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.68

• details). Although both materials reveal conical nanopores, thermal SiO2 exhibits more uniformly sized nanopores, while PECVD SiO2 displays higher dispersity in pore dimensions (excluding overlapping pores). As an example, three representative non-overlapping pores are highlighted in Figure 1a,b. Their

• patterns is evident upon detailed examination. The horizontal cut intensities from thermal SiO2 nanopores reveal six to eight distinct oscillations, whereas PECVD SiO2 displays a maximum of four oscillations. Furthermore, the reduced peak-to-trough amplitude in oscillations resulting from nanopores in

Ar⁺ implantation-induced tailoring of RF-sputtered ZnO films: structural, morphological, and optical properties

• Manu Bura,
• Divya Gupta,
• Arun Kumar and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 872–886, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.66

• displays [5], solar cells [6], and light-emitting diodes [7]. There are numerous methods for synthesizing ZnO films, including pulsed laser deposition, spray pyrolysis, radio frequency (RF) sputtering, and sol–gel techniques. Here RF sputtering is preferred over other methods because it provides high

Facile one-step radio frequency magnetron sputtering of Ni/NiO on stainless steel for an efficient electrode for hydrogen evolution reaction

• Ha Huu Do,
• Khac Binh Nguyen,
• Phuong N. Nguyen and
• Hoai Phuong Pham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 837–846, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.63

• substrates such as nickel foam (NF), carbon cloth, and fluorine-doped tin oxide [27][28][29]. Also, SS displays high electrical conductivity, outstanding chemical stability, and good mechanical properties. Therefore, numerous researchers have used SS as a template to deposit nanomaterials using various

• potential regarding industrial application. Results and Discussion Crystal structure and phase of the as-synthesized electrodes were verified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements with 2θ ranging from 20° to 80°. Figure 1 displays the XRD patterns of SS, Ni/NiO/SS-5, Ni/NiO/SS-10, Ni/NiO/SS-15, and Ni/NiO

Synthesis and magnetic transitions of rare-earth-free Fe–Mn–Ni–Si-based compositionally complex alloys at bulk and nanoscale

• Shabbir Tahir,
• Tatiana Smoliarova,
• Carlos Doñate-Buendía,
• Michael Farle,
• Natalia Shkodich and
• Bilal Gökce

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 823–836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.62

• , the M–H curve displays a significant hysteresis loop with a Hc of 26.2 kA·m−1, which is higher than that of the bulk Ge-based CCA (8.4 kA·m−1) (Figure 7b, Table 4, and Figure S6b, Supporting Information File 1). At 300 K, Hc drops to 0.7 kA·m−1, and Ms (300 K, 9 T) decreases to 6.6 A·m2·kg−1

Changes of structural, magnetic and spectroscopic properties of microencapsulated iron sucrose nanoparticles in saline

• Sabina Lewińska,
• Pavlo Aleshkevych,
• Roman Minikayev,
• Anna Bajorek,
• Mateusz Dulski,
• Krystian Prusik,
• Tomasz Wojciechowski and
• Anna Ślawska-Waniewska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 762–784, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.59

• stretching (amide II), and –C=C stretching of phenyl and pterin rings [61] of folic acid. Of note, the infrared spectrum of FST displays an increased intensity in the folic acid-related bands, a slight upshift in the ascorbic-related bands, and the emergence of more pronounced CH2 bands. This behavior

Thickness dependent oxidation in CrCl₃: a scanning X-ray photoemission and Kelvin probe microscopies study

• Shafaq Kazim,
• Rahul Parmar,
• Maryam Azizinia,
• Matteo Amati,
• Muhammad Rauf,
• Andrea Di Cicco,
• Seyed Javid Rezvani,
• Dario Mastrippolito,
• Luca Ottaviano,
• Tomasz Klimczuk,
• Luca Gregoratti and
• Roberto Gunnella

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 749–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.58

• beams. In contrast, the OSA measurement spectrum showed a Si component due to the wider beam diameter. This is further supported by the evaluation of the CrCl3 stoichiometry in the latter two cases. Table 1 displays the area under the peaks for Cl 2p and Cr 2p. The stoichiometry was determined after

• ITO substrate for the points T and L in (a, b), respectively, together with zoomed details in (e) and (f). The inset displays the thickness profiles of T and L, respectively. A schematic of experimental SPEM setup in the case of a few layer CrCl3 flake [27]. The lower part of the figure Figure 3 was

Synthesis of a multicomponent cellulose-based adsorbent for tetracycline removal from aquaculture water

• Uyen Bao Tran,
• Ngoc Thanh Vo-Tran,
• Khai The Truong,
• Dat Anh Nguyen,
• Quang Nhat Tran,
• Huu-Quang Nguyen,
• Jaebeom Lee and
• Hai Son Truong-Lam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 728–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.56

• aligns with the subsequent EDX results. The FTIR spectrum (Figure 2g) of commercial CMC displays distinct adsorption bands at 3219, 2875, 1424, 1325, 1053, 1029 and 893 cm−1. The broad band from 3219 to 3406 cm−1 corresponds to O‒H stretching vibrations, reflecting the abundance of hydroxy and carboxyl

Zeolite materials with Ni and Co: synthesis and catalytic potential in the selective hydrogenation of citral

• Inocente Rodríguez-Iznaga,
• Yailen Costa Marrero,
• Tania Farias Piñeira,
• Céline Fontaine,
• Lexane Paget,
• Beatriz Concepción Rosabal,
• Arbelio Penton Madrigal,
• Vitalii Petranovskii and
• Gwendoline Lafaye

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 520–529, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.40

• 0.70 × 0.65 nm2). Additionally, the kinetic diameter of a nitrogen molecule (0.36 nm) is closer to the HEU channel diameter, further influencing the observed behavior. Table 3 displays the specific surface area (SSA) and microporous volume (Vmicro) values determined for the obtained materials. It is

• ) and 450 °C, whereas NiZImp displays three peaks at 150, 410, and 500 °C. Regarding the bimetallic systems, CoNiZIE shows three peaks at 170, 380, and 500 °C, while CoNiZImp shows five peaks at 170, 310, 350 (intense), 420, and 500 °C. In line with the elemental composition (Figure 3, Table 1 and Table

Quantification of lead through rod-shaped silver-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles using an electrochemical approach

• Ravinder Lamba,
• Gaurav Bhanjana,
• Neeraj Dilbaghi,
• Vivek Gupta and
• Sandeep Kumar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 422–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.33

• sensitivity among all. Results and Discussion X-ray diffraction of as-synthesized Ag@ZnO nanorods The Ag@ZnO NRs were analyzed for their crystal phases by evaluating the X-ray diffraction pattern. Figure 1a displays the diffraction pattern of the Ag@ZnO NRs that were formed. It was observed that this pattern

• Ag@ZnO nanorods Figure 4a displays the optical spectra of Ag@ZnO NRs, which was obtained in the 200–600 nm wavelength range. The absorbance peak in this spectrum, which is moved toward a higher wavelength also known as redshift, is shown at 378 nm (for pure ZnO it is 362 nm) [20]. The bandgap energy

• investigated. The studies on scan-rate dependence were conducted at different scan rates between 40–100 mV/s in a solution containing 20 ppm of lead. Figure 11a displays the CV results of the Ag@ZnO NRs/Nafion/gold electrode, using scan rates varying from 40 to 100 mV/s. The observed CV response, which varies

Comparison of organic and inorganic hole transport layers in double perovskite material-based solar cell

• Deepika K and
• Arjun Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 119–127, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.11

• optimized PSC device displays a higher efficiency of 27.84% with Cu2O and 27.38% with PEDOT:PSS for the planar n-i-p FTO/WS2/LNMO/HTL/Au device structure. However, highly efficient organic HTLs have a few disadvantages over inorganic HTLs, including multistep synthesis requiring additional doping, leading

Characterization of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GP258

• Prashantkumar Siddappa Chakra,
• Aishwarya Banakar,
• Shriram Narayan Puranik,
• Vishwas Kaveeshwar,
• C. R. Ravikumar and
• Devaraja Gayathri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 78–89, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.8

• ZnO NPs confirms the XRD results, that is, the hexagonal wurtzite structure (Figure 3). SEM and EDX analysis SEM was used to analyze the surface morphology of a modified nanocomposite film, and the image displays a consistent coverage of a web-like structure. Close-up views revealed a crumpled and

Theoretical study of the electronic and optical properties of a composite formed by the zeolite NaA and a magnetite cluster

• Joel Antúnez-García,
• Roberto Núñez-González,
• Vitalii Petranovskii,
• H’Linh Hmok,
• Armando Reyes-Serrato,
• Fabian N. Murrieta-Rico,
• Mufei Xiao and
• Jonathan Zamora

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 44–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.5

• of the isolated cluster. Given the observed structural modifications of the cluster when integrated into the zeolite (Figure 2), it is expected that its electronic properties would also undergo changes. Figure 4a displays the total density of states (TDOS) for the NaA zeolite, featuring a primary

• transition from spin up to spin down. Figure 4c displays the TDOS for the magnetite cluster. Notably, it reveals the presence of both spin polarizations at the Fermi level, with the spin-down polarization being the dominant one. This observation is indicative of a ferromagnetic behavior, aligning with the

Bioinspired nanofilament coatings for scale reduction on steel

• Siad Dahir Ali,
• Mette Heidemann Rasmussen,
• Jacopo Catalano,
• Christian Husum Frederiksen and
• Tobias Weidner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 25–34, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.3

• maintenance costs. By understanding and replicating the nanostructured [3][7][8][9], liquid-repelling features of Collembola skin, we propose a novel approach to mitigate this issue. Figure 1 displays the cuticle micro- and nanostructure which leads to effective water repellency [5]. It has been shown how the

A nanocarrier containing carboxylic and histamine groups with dual action: acetylcholine hydrolysis and antidote atropine delivery

• Elina E. Mansurova,
• Andrey A. Maslennikov,
• Anna P. Lyubina,
• Alexandra D. Voloshina,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Marsil K. Kadirov,
• Anzhela A. Mikhailova,
• Polina V. Mikshina,
• Albina Y. Ziganshina and
• Igor S. Antipin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 11–24, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.2

• and 2) exceeding 2000 kDa likely corresponded to aggregates of p(Hist-CA). The particle distribution diagram from DLS data displays two peaks with average hydrodynamic diameters of 50 ± 4 nm and 190 ± 30 nm and with a polydispersity index (PdI) of 0.245 (Figure 1c). Evidently, the former peak