Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

The role of biochar in combating microplastic pollution: a bibliometric analysis in environmental contexts

• Tuan Minh Truong Dang,
• Thao Thu Thi Huynh,
• Guo-Ping Chang-Chien and
• Ha Manh Bui

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1401–1416, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.102

• reliable candidate for modeling and experimental investigations [33]. According to Shams et al. [68], PS exhibits a critical coagulation concentration of 800 mM NaCl, significantly higher than PE’s 80 mM, which underscores PS’s stability in saline environments and its suitability for long-term studies. The

Parylene-coated platinum nanowire electrodes for biomolecular sensing applications

• Chao Liu,
• Peker Milas,
• Michael G. Spencer and
• Birol Ozturk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1392–1400, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.101

• the custom-built cuvette that was constructed with a 3D-printed PLA frame and two 18 mm × 18 mm cover glass pieces placed on two sides. A pair of tapered tungsten rods were immersed in the 75 mM platinum(IV) chloride (ALDRICH 96%) and 100 mM NaCl solution as depicted in Figure 5c; the addition of NaCl

Synthesis and antibacterial properties of nanosilver-modified cellulose triacetate membranes for seawater desalination

• Lei Wang,
• Shizhe Li,
• Kexin Xu,
• Wenjun Li,
• Ying Li and
• Gang Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1380–1391, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.100

• reveal delamination, partial loss of PDA microspheres, and Ag nanoparticles, as well as the presence NaCl within the coating (Figure 4g). These observations are attributed to the prolonged exposure to saline water, which causes chemical degradation of the PDA layer. Also, the high ionic strength and

• thuringiensis, Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus, Lysinibacillus lparviboronicapiens, and Burkholderia ambifaria were isolated and purified from farmland, Jilin province, China. Peptone, beef extract, sucrose, and NaCl, purchased from Tianjin Sanjiang Chemical Technology Co. Ltd., were employed to prepare the NB

• approximately 78.5 mm2 pieces, which were disinfected with ultraviolet light for 30 min. A lawn of the experimental strain was prepared on NB medium (0.3 wt % beef extract, 0.1 wt % yeast extract, 0.5 wt % peptone, 1% sucrose, and 0.5 wt % NaCl), with an original concentration of 1 × 106 CFU·mL−1 through

Better together: biomimetic nanomedicines for high performance tumor therapy

• Imran Shair Mohammad,
• Gizem Kursunluoglu,
• Anup Kumar Patel,
• Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq,
• Cansu Umran Tunc,
• Dilek Kanarya,
• Mubashar Rehman,
• Omer Aydin and
• Yin Lifang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1246–1276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.92

• temperature leads to the resealing of RBCs. It was also observed that optimum drug loading is achieved at a certain tonicity level. Therefore, artemether loading was higher when using 0.6% NaCl hypotonic solution than when using 0.3% NaCl solution [28]. Drugs can also be loaded in erythrocytes by

Mechanical stability of individual bacterial cells under different osmotic pressure conditions: a nanoindentation study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

• Lizeth García-Torres,
• Idania De Alba Montero,
• Eleazar Samuel Kolosovas-Machuca,
• Facundo Ruiz,
• Sumati Bhatia,
• Jose Luis Cuellar Camacho and
• Jaime Ruiz-García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1171–1183, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.86

• (PBS), and hypertonic (0.5 M NaCl) solutions. Imaging and mechanical testing showed that bacteria are highly resilient to deformation and can withstand repetitive indentations in the range of 500 pN. Analysis of force spectra revealed that although there are differences in the mechanical response

• buffered solution), and hypertonic (0.5 M NaCl) solutions. Materials and Methods Bacterial culture The strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC® 27853™) was reactivated by transferring it to Mueller–Hinton broth and incubating it for 24 h at a temperature of 37 °C. Subsequently, it was cultured on Mueller

• reconstruction in Figure 2C (see also Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2). These measurements were taken for bacteria in the three investigated conditions (i.e., Milli-Q water, PBS, and 0.5 M NaCl) and the results are shown in Figure 2D. Larger values for the length and width of the bacteria are expected

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

Time-resolved probing of laser-induced nanostructuring processes in liquids

• Maximilian Spellauge,
• David Redka,
• Mianzhen Mo,
• Changyong Song,
• Heinz Paul Huber and
• Anton Plech

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 968–1002, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.74

Changes of structural, magnetic and spectroscopic properties of microencapsulated iron sucrose nanoparticles in saline

• Sabina Lewińska,
• Pavlo Aleshkevych,
• Roman Minikayev,
• Anna Bajorek,
• Mateusz Dulski,
• Krystian Prusik,
• Tomasz Wojciechowski and
• Anna Ślawska-Waniewska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 762–784, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.59

•  3d confirms the presence, in addition to iron, of elements from additives and organic compounds, such as Si from SiO2, Ca from calcium alginate, and Co most likely from cobalamin. The Na and Cl peaks relating to salt (NaCl), and peaks of P, S, Ni, and Zn (trace levels), were classified as

• correspond to sodium chloride [29]. Their intensity significantly increases after the dissolution procedure, which indicates the crystallization of NaCl from saline. The identification of the iron-containing phase based on the XRD data for the FS0 sample is problematic, as the most intense peaks predicted

• , FS0-related bands associated with COO− stretching modes were separated into asymmetric (1588 cm−1) and symmetric (1451 cm−1) stretching, C–O stretching vibration (1345 cm−1), and glycosidic ring breathing mode (1133 cm−1) [65]. After immersion in physiological salt (NaCl) solution, these bands were

Retrieval of B1 phase from high-pressure B2 phase for CdO nanoparticles by electronic excitations in Cd_xZn_1−xO composite thin films

• Arkaprava Das,
• Marcin Zając and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 551–560, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.43

• , we reported a local pressure-driven structural phase transformation (PT) from B1 (NaCl) to B2 (CsCl) in CdxZn1−xO (x = 0.4) composite binary oxide thin films [1]. The radiation stability of these phases is crucial for optoelectronic applications in space, where the exposure to high-energy particles

Zeolite materials with Ni and Co: synthesis and catalytic potential in the selective hydrogenation of citral

• Inocente Rodríguez-Iznaga,
• Yailen Costa Marrero,
• Tania Farias Piñeira,
• Céline Fontaine,
• Lexane Paget,
• Beatriz Concepción Rosabal,
• Arbelio Penton Madrigal,
• Vitalii Petranovskii and
• Gwendoline Lafaye

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 520–529, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.40

• (OH)3, card 96-231-0849). The diffraction peak at 29.5° is associated with NiCl2 (card 96-900-9133), but it could also be assigned to FeCl2 (lawrencite, card 96-901-9129) or CaCl2·2H2O (sinjarite, card 96-100-1836). The peak at 28.5° can be related to FeCl2·2H2O (card 96-231-0808), NaCl (halite, card

Development of a mucoadhesive drug delivery system and its interaction with gastric cells

• Ahmet Baki Sahin,
• Serdar Karakurt and
• Deniz Sezlev Bilecen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 371–384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.28

• -EudAlg nanoparticles through a simple mucus layer was studied based on a similar technique performed by Ungaro and colleagues [61]. Artificial mucus was prepared by dissolving gastric mucin (250 mg), DTPA (0.295 mg), NaCl (250 mg), KCl (110 mg), and sterile egg yolk emulsion (250 µL) in 50 mL ddH2O. In

Graphene oxide–chloroquine conjugate induces DNA damage in A549 lung cancer cells through autophagy modulation

• Braham Dutt Arya,
• Sandeep Mittal,
• Prachi Joshi,
• Alok Kumar Pandey,
• Jaime E. Ramirez-Vick,
• Govind Gupta and
• Surinder P. Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 316–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.24

• ice to allow gelation. Duplicate slides for each sample were prepared and were kept in freshly prepared and chilled lysis solution (146.1 g NaCl, 37.2 g EDTA, 1.2 g Tris, pH 10 with 1% Triton X 100 added just before use) at 4 °C overnight. Further, the slides were placed in a horizontal gel

Synthesis and the impact of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on the viability and activity of rhizobacteria

• Bedah Rupaedah,
• Indrika Novella,
• Atiek Rostika Noviyanti,
• Diana Rakhmawaty Eddy,
• Anna Safarrida,
• Abdul Hapid,
• Zhafira Amila Haqqa,
• Suryana Suryana,
• Irwan Kurnia and
• Fathiyah Inayatirrahmi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 216–228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.17

• using a NFB medium [42]. This medium comprises K2HPO4, FeCl3·6H2O, MgSO4·7H2O, NaCl, CaCl2, MnSO4·7H2O, biotin, KOH, malic acid, bromothymol blue, Na2MoO4, and bacto agar. Rhizobacteria loaded onto nHA were introduced into the medium and left to incubate for 14 days. The nitrogen-fixing capability was

Probing the potential of rare earth elements in the development of new anticancer drugs: single molecule studies

• Josiane A. D. Batista,
• Rayane M. de Oliveira,
• Carlos H. M. Lima,
• Milton L. Lana Júnior,
• Virgílio C. dos Anjos,
• Maria J. V. Bell and
• Márcio S. Rocha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 187–194, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.15

• SM1711) in 10 mM Tris-HCl buffer with the addition of 10 mM of MgCl2 (pH 8.0), which is needed to reliably deposit the DNA molecules on mica substrates. PBS buffer cannot be used here since its high NaCl concentration disturbs the DNA adsorption on the substrates. The solution of DNA + ligand is first

A nanocarrier containing carboxylic and histamine groups with dual action: acetylcholine hydrolysis and antidote atropine delivery

• Elina E. Mansurova,
• Andrey A. Maslennikov,
• Anna P. Lyubina,
• Alexandra D. Voloshina,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Marsil K. Kadirov,
• Anzhela A. Mikhailova,
• Polina V. Mikshina,
• Albina Y. Ziganshina and
• Igor S. Antipin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 11–24, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.2

• evaluated against human red blood cells (hRBCs) [38]. Following a 10 min, 800 rpm centrifugation of fresh hRBCs with EDTA, the cells were washed three times with PBS (35 mM PB/0.15 M NaCl, pH 7.3) before being resuspended in PBS. Then, 0.5 mL of a hRBC stock solution in PBS was mixed with samples dissolved

Facile synthesis of size-tunable L-carnosine-capped silver nanoparticles and their role in metal ion sensing and catalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar,
• Ridhima Chadha,
• Abhishek Das,
• Nandita Maiti and
• Rayavarapu Raja Gopal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1576–1592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.124

• , purity 99.99%) were obtained from Cayman Chemical, Merck, and Sigma Aldrich, respectively. p-Nitrophenol (P-NP, cat. no. 144956, purity 99.5%) and sodium chloride (NaCl, cat. no. 41721, purity 99.9%) were purchased from SRL Chemicals, India. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH, cat. no. TC1460, purity 99.0%), along

• ), 1 mL AgNO3 (0.01 M), and 2 mL NaBH4 (0.001 M). The term “ʟ-car-AgNPs” is used throughout the article to refer to the synthesized silver nanoparticles collectively. Furthermore, nanopowders of the samples were prepared using 1 M NaCl solution via the precipitation method, and the obtained precipitate

• NaCl. In addition, NaOH used in the synthesis process acts as a source of sodium in the EDX spectrum. Crystalline structures of ʟ-car-AgNPs were analyzed using X-ray diffraction. The XRD pattern of one sample representative of all synthesized ʟ-carnosine-capped silver nanospheres is given here (Figure

Ion-induced surface reactions and deposition from Pt(CO)₂Cl₂ and Pt(CO)₂Br₂

• Mohammed K. Abdel-Rahman,
• Patrick M. Eckhert,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Johnathon M. Johnson,
• Jo-Chi Yu,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• D. Howard Fairbrother

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1427–1439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.115

• were referenced to the solvent. IR spectra were obtained on a PerkinElmer Spectrum ONE FTIR spectrometer using a solution cell equipped with NaCl windows and a path length of 1.0 mm. cis-Pt(CO)2Br2 The compound was synthesized using a modified literature procedure [73]. In a glove box, a glass pressure

A biomimetic approach towards a universal slippery liquid infused surface coating

• Ryan A. Faase,
• Madeleine H. Hummel,
• AnneMarie V. Hasbrook,
• Andrew P. Carpenter and
• Joe E. Baio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1376–1389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.111

• . Platelet-rich plasma was centrifuged at 1000g for 10 min at room temperature. The supernatant platelet-poor plasma (PPP) was transferred and used for fibrin generation studies. The platelet pellet was resuspended in Tyrode’s buffer (129 mM NaCl, 20 mM HEPES, 12 mM NaHCO3, 2.9 mM KCl, 1 mM MgCl2, and 0.34

• . FXIIa assays were performed using methods adapted from Bates and colleagues [33]. A solution of FXII (200 nM), prekallikrein (PK) (50 nM), and high-molecular-weight kininogen (HMWK) (50 nM) in vacuum-filtered and degassed buffer (25 mM HEPES pH 7.4, 150 mM NaCl, and 0.1% BSA) was prepared, and 120 μL

• 7.4, 150 mM NaCl). Plasma was then recalcified with 50 μL 25 mM CaCl2. Absorbance measurements were taken every 1 min for 60 min at 405 nm. Three separate experiments were performed for a total sample size of 18 per donor. Fibrin generation time was defined as the time to reach a 5% increase over the

Nanoarchitectonics with cetrimonium bromide on metal nanoparticles for linker-free detection of toxic metal ions and catalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1312–1332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.106

• to confirm the peak value of the compound. The supernatants of centrifuged CTAB-capped nanoparticles were used for CTAB quantification. Stability of CTAB-capped metal nanoparticles in NaCl and NaOH solutions In order to determine the ability and functionality of CTAB on metal nanoparticle surfaces

• the vicinity of 0.5 ± 0.1 and 1.0 ± 0.1. Aliquots of 1 M NaOH (volumes ranging between 5–50 μL) was added to the nanoparticle solutions. Also, CTAB-AgNS, CTAB-AuNS, CTAB-AuNR1, and CTAB-AuNR2 were added to 1 M NaCl solution while keeping the optical density of the nanoparticles constant at 0.5 and 1

• borohydride removed CTAB from metal surfaces for ligand exchange, which helped in the detection of heavy metal ions [32]. The impact of NaOH and NaCl was assessed regarding the stability of the synthesized metal nanoparticles at extreme concentrations (Figure 1b). The addition of 1 M NaOH at various volumes

A low-kiloelectronvolt focused ion beam strategy for processing low-thermal-conductance materials with nanoampere currents

• Annalena Wolff,
• Nico Klingner,
• William Thompson,
• Yinghong Zhou,
• Jinying Lin and
• Yin Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1197–1207, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.97

• was purified by NaCl precipitation at acidic and then neutral pH. Collagen sponges were prepared using purified type-I collagen, glutaraldehyde fixation, and freeze drying, also as previously described [17]. Stopping and range of ions in matter (SRIM) simulations of 5 keV gallium ions in skin The

Unveiling the potential of alginate-based nanomaterials in sensing technology and smart delivery applications

• Shakhzodjon Uzokboev,
• Khojimukhammad Akhmadbekov,
• Ra’no Nuritdinova,
• Salah M. Tawfik and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1077–1104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.88

Effect of wavelength and liquid on formation of Ag, Au, Ag/Au nanoparticles via picosecond laser ablation and SERS-based detection of DMMP

• Sree Satya Bharati Moram,
• Chandu Byram and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1054–1069, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.86

• Abstract The present study investigates the effects of input wavelength (1064, 532, and 355 nm) and surrounding liquid environment (distilled water and aqueous NaCl solution) on the picosecond laser ablation on silver (Ag), gold (Au), and Ag/Au alloy targets. The efficacy of the laser ablation technique

• investigated the impact of 355, 532, and 1064 nm wavelengths on picosecond laser ablation of silver, gold, and silver/gold alloy samples within two distinct liquid media: distilled water (DW) and aqueous NaCl solution. Significant variations in the productivity and size of NPs were observed across different

• . Stability tests revealed that NPs in the electrolyte (NaCl) solution displayed a quicker decline in SERS signal than those obtained in DW, despite satisfactory initial signal strengths. However, gold NPs in DW demonstrated optimal long-term stability, maintaining uniform SERS intensities over 60 days

Interface properties of nanostructured carbon-coated biological implants: an overview

• Mattia Bartoli,
• Francesca Cardano,
• Erik Piatti,
• Stefania Lettieri,
• Andrea Fin and
• Alberto Tagliaferro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1041–1053, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.85

• thickness of 12 μm. The same technique was used by Chen et al. [155] for the deposition of GO onto magnesium alloys. The authors investigated the corrosion in 0.9 wt % NaCl solution, showing beneficial effects of GO mainly due to both being a physical barrier and having a low reactivity. Similar results can

Therapeutic effect of F127-folate@PLGA/CHL/IR780 nanoparticles on folate receptor-expressing cancer cells

• Thi Ngoc Han Pham,
• Phuong-Thao Dang-Luong,
• Hong-Phuc Nguyen,
• Loc Le-Tuan,
• Xuan Thang Cao,
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen,
• Vy Tran Anh and
• Hieu Vu_Quang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 954–964, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.78

• content in the formulation was determined according to Drug release from nanoparticles The F127-folate@PLGA/CHL/IR780 were kept in diluted 0.1× PBS (NaCl 13.7 mM, KCl 0.27 mM, NaH2PO4 1 mM, and KHPO4 0.18 mM) and incubated at 37 °C for various time points, (24, 48, 72, and 168 h) at 37 °C at pH 7.4 and

• nanoparticles after incubation at 37 °C after 24, 48, 72, and 168 h at pH 7.4 and pH 5.4 in 0.1× PBS (NaCl 13.7 mM, KCl 0.27 mM, NaH2PO4 1 mM, and KHPO4 0.18 mM) (Figure 3). There were no differences between the CHL release from F127-folate@PLGA/CHL/IR780 and F127-folate@PLGA/CHL/IR780 at different time points

• and 510 nm. The release of chlorambucil from F127-folate@PLGA/CHL/IR780 and F127@PLGA/CHL/IR780 after 24, 48, 72, and 168 h of incubation in 0.1× PBS (NaCl 13.7 mM, KCl 0.27 mM, NaH2PO4 1 mM, and KHPO4 0.18 mM) at pH 7.4 and pH 5.4 at 37 °C; n = 3. Cell viability of HepG2 and MCF-7. Control: cells