Clays enhanced with niobium: potential in wastewater treatment and reuse as pigment with antibacterial activity

• Silvia Jaerger,
• Patricia Appelt,
• Mario Antônio Alves da Cunha,
• Fabián Ccahuana Ayma,
• Ricardo Schneider,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Fauze Jacó Anaissi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 141–154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.13

• (CB), creating a hole in the valence band (hBV+) [8]. These holes induce the oxidative decomposition of organic molecules adsorbed on the catalytic surface. They also react with water molecules, producing the hydroxyl radical (OH•). This radical rapidly attacks the dye molecules in the solution

Characterization of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GP258

• Prashantkumar Siddappa Chakra,
• Aishwarya Banakar,
• Shriram Narayan Puranik,
• Vishwas Kaveeshwar,
• C. R. Ravikumar and
• Devaraja Gayathri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 78–89, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.8

• produce hydroxyl radicals (•OH−). These radicals degrade the dye molecules into harmless substances; the degradation is shown in Figure 2d. TEM analysis The size of the ZnO NPs, which was determined from TEM using Image J software, varied from 7 to 98 nm, with an average size of 10 nm. The SAED pattern of

Enhanced catalytic reduction through in situ synthesized gold nanoparticles embedded in glucosamine/alginate nanocomposites

• Chi-Hien Dang,
• Le-Kim-Thuy Nguyen,
• Minh-Trong Tran,
• Van-Dung Le,
• Nguyen Minh Ty,
• T. Ngoc Han Pham,
• Hieu Vu-Quang,
• Tran Thi Kim Chi,
• Tran Thi Huong Giang,
• Nguyen Thi Thanh Tu and
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1227–1237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.99

• of dyes, such as 4-nitrophenol (4-NiP) to harmless 4-aminophenol, a precursor for the synthesis of drugs like paracetamol and phenacetin, shows promise for producing dyes, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals [27]. Plasmonic MNPs enhance catalytic performance by absorbing both dye molecules and BH4− ions

Effect of wavelength and liquid on formation of Ag, Au, Ag/Au nanoparticles via picosecond laser ablation and SERS-based detection of DMMP

• Sree Satya Bharati Moram,
• Chandu Byram and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1054–1069, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.86

• substrates is the central aspect of the sensing field because of its simple sample collection from any rough surface [36][40]. Filter paper (FP) SERS substrates are rigorously investigated for the detection of hazardous dye molecules such as crystal violet (CV) and malachite green (MG) on fish [41

Intermixing of MoS₂ and WS₂ photocatalysts toward methylene blue photodegradation

• Maryam Al Qaydi,
• Nitul S. Rajput,
• Michael Lejeune,
• Abdellatif Bouchalkha,
• Mimoun El Marssi,
• Steevy Cordette,
• Chaouki Kasmi and
• Mustapha Jouiad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 817–829, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.68

• pollutants is often driven by reactive agents, such as superoxide radicals, hydroxyl radicals, or photo-induced holes produced from either the conduction or valence bands [41][42]. The mechanism of the PD of MB under visible light excitation consists of several steps: Initially, the MB dye molecules are

Fluorescent bioinspired albumin/polydopamine nanoparticles and their interactions with Escherichia coli cells

• Eloïse Equy,
• Jordana Hirtzel,
• Sophie Hellé,
• Béatrice Heurtault,
• Eric Mathieu,
• Morgane Rabineau,
• Vincent Ball and
• Lydie Ploux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1208–1224, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.100

• FITC. These ratios are much higher than expected if only free dye molecules released from NPs had penetrated the cells (1% as estimated above). Hence, they prove that the fluorescence measured in cells was not emitted by free molecules of dye but by molecules bound to NPs. More specifically, the

Bismuth-based nanostructured photocatalysts for the remediation of antibiotics and organic dyes

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo and
• Faisal Suleiman Mustafa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 291–321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.26

• the chemical and biochemical oxygen demand and inhibits photosynthesis. Additionally, the uptake of dye molecules or their by-products in excess may be mutagenic, teratogenic, or carcinogenic [68][69]. Myocardial depression and hypertension are reportedly exacerbated by oral exposure to methylene blue

Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles toward highly efficient photocatalysis and antibacterial application

• Vo Thi Thu Nhu,
• Nguyen Duy Dat,
• Le-Minh Tam and
• Nguyen Hoang Phuong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1108–1119, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.94

• present in solution which can degraded dyes. These radicals can attract MO and MB molecules, oxidize the dye molecules to degradation products, and finally completely degrade the dyes to CO2 and H2O [35][36]. In addition, when ZnO NPs get in contact with E. coli, reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as •OH

Influence of thickness and morphology of MoS₂ on the performance of counter electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells

• Lam Thuy Thi Mai,
• Hai Viet Le,
• Ngan Kim Thi Nguyen,
• Van La Tran Pham,
• Thu Anh Thi Nguyen,
• Nguyen Thanh Le Huynh and
• Hoang Thai Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 528–537, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.44

• ) [6][7][8][9]. Since the reduction of I3− to I− on the CE plays a vital role in the regeneration of the oxidized dye molecules on the photoanode of the DSSCs, the electrocatalytic behavior of MoS2 CEs was further evaluated regarding the first redox couple (Ox1/Red1). Various parameters including anode

Effect of different silica coatings on the toxicity of upconversion nanoparticles on RAW 264.7 macrophage cells

• Cynthia Kembuan,
• Helena Oliveira and
• Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 35–48, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.3

• protect UCNPs surfaces from dissolution. In contrast to a more complex polymeric coating, silica surfaces can be easily functionalized with a wide range of coupling agents and biomolecules, and the interior of the silica shell can be modified by integrating dye molecules, for example. However, amorphous

Unravelling the interfacial interaction in mesoporous SiO₂@nickel phyllosilicate/TiO₂ core–shell nanostructures for photocatalytic activity

• Bridget K. Mutuma,
• Xiluva Mathebula,
• Isaac Nongwe,
• Bonakele P. Mtolo,
• Boitumelo J. Matsoso,
• Rudolph Erasmus,
• Zikhona Tetana and
• Neil J. Coville

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1834–1846, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.165

• factor that affects the photocatalytic activity of TiO2, is its adsorption capacity for dye molecules. The adsorption capacity of TiO2 can be readily improved by modifying its surface charge density or by increasing its surface area and pore volume [5][20][21]. Further, SiO2 is a good adsorptive material

• et al. [27] observed an improved photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine blue dye in the presence of rattle-type TiO2@void@SiO2 nanostructures. They attributed the improved photoactivity to the ease of dye molecules to access the TiO2 active sites through the void space between the core and the shell

• support for TiO2 creating a photocatalyst with improved photoactivity due to the presence of more active sites for the adsorption of the MV dye molecules. Additionally, from the diffuse reflectance UV–vis data, an optical bandgap of approximately 2.05 eV was obtained for mSiO2@NiPS while that of mSiO2

Electrokinetic characterization of synthetic protein nanoparticles

• Daniel F. Quevedo,
• Cody J. Lentz,
• Adriana Coll de Peña,
• Yazmin Hernandez,
• Nahal Habibi,
• Rikako Miki,
• Joerg Lahann and
• Blanca H. Lapizco-Encinas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1556–1567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.138

• been reported in the literature in similar EK microdevices [57]. The absence of a difference in trapping voltage even in the presence of different fluorescent dyes shows that the dye molecules themselves have no evident effect on the EK behavior of the particles. Electrokinetic response of SPNPs

Effect of Ag loading position on the photocatalytic performance of TiO₂ nanocolumn arrays

• Jinghan Xu,
• Yanqi Liu and
• Yan Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 717–728, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.59

• the catalyst, so the catalyst needs to have a certain adsorption capacity for dye molecules. Due to the presence of oxygen vacancies, the surface of TiO2 is usually negatively charged and has a good adsorption capacity for cationic dye molecules [36]. Commonly used cationic dyes are rhodamine, methyl

Adsorptive removal of bulky dye molecules from water with mesoporous polyaniline-derived carbon

• Hyung Jun An,
• Jong Min Park,
• Nazmul Abedin Khan and
• Sung Hwa Jhung

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 597–605, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.47

• under different temperatures and applied for the purification of water contaminated with dye molecules of different sizes and charge by adsorption. With increasing pyrolysis temperature, it was found that the hydrophobicity, pore size and mesopore volume increased. A mesoporous PDC sample obtained via

• pyrolysis at 900 °C showed remarkable performance in the adsorption of dye molecules, irrespective of dye charge, especially in the removal of bulky dye molecules, such as acid red 1 (AR1) and Janus green B (JGB). For example, the most competitive PDC material showed a Q0 value (maximum adsorption capacity

• ) 8.1 times that of commercial, activated carbon for AR1. The remarkable adsorption of AR1 and JGB over KOH-900 could be explained by the combined mechanisms of hydrophobic, π–π, electrostatic and van der Waals interactions. Keywords: acid red 1; adsorption; bulky dye molecules; Janus green B

Synthesis and enhanced photocatalytic performance of 0D/2D CuO/tourmaline composite photocatalysts

• Changqiang Yu,
• Min Wen,
• Zhen Tong,
• Shuhua Li,
• Yanhong Yin,
• Xianbin Liu,
• Yesheng Li,
• Tongxiang Liang,
• Ziping Wu and
• Dionysios D. Dionysiou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 407–416, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.31

• 0D/2D CuO structure and interfacial interaction between CuO and tourmaline. The initial solution pH affected the photocatalytic performance mainly via changing the adsorption of dye molecules onto photocatalysts (Figure 7a), as adsorption occurred firstly during the photodegradation reactions [42

Comparing a porphyrin- and a coumarin-based dye adsorbed on NiO(001)

• Sara Freund,
• Antoine Hinaut,
• Nathalie Marinakis,
• Edwin C. Constable,
• Ernst Meyer,
• Catherine E. Housecroft and
• Thilo Glatzel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 874–881, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.88

• semiconductor TiO2 has become one of the most extensively studied metal oxides, especially in the context of scanning probe microscopy (SPM) [1]. The working principle of an n-type DSSC, which is shown in Figure 1a, relies on the functionalization of TiO2 surfaces with dye molecules enabling the absorption of

• light in the visible region of the sun spectrum. The photons are absorbed by the dye molecules leading to the excitation of an electron from the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of the dye and subsequent injection into the conduction band (CB

• ) of the semiconductor [2]. This charge transfer, which occurs from the dye molecules towards the surface of the semiconductor, offers the possibility of designing specific hybrid devices with photoactive anodes consisting of functionalized TiO2. In contrast to TiO2 [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11], wide

Polydopamine-coated Au nanorods for targeted fluorescent cell imaging and photothermal therapy

• Boris N. Khlebtsov,
• Andrey M. Burov,
• Timofey E. Pylaev and
• Nikolai G. Khlebtsov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 794–803, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.79

• loading of rhodamine 123 corresponds to the absorption peak of rhodamine 123 in solution, thus confirming the successful inclusion of dye molecules into the PDA shell via amine groups through a simple one-step procedure. The number of R123 molecules per composite particle can be estimated as follows

• . First, from the differential peak adsorption 0.035 and the calibration curve (Figure S2 in Supporting Information File 1), the molar concentration of bound dye molecules is 1.5 µM. Taking into account the estimated number concentration 1012 mL−1 of AuNRs (Section S1 in Supporting Information File 1), we

• obtain a loading efficiency of 103 R123 molecules per one composite AuNRs-PDA-R123-folate particle. This number is comparable with the typical estimations of the loading capacity for AuNRs coated with a mesoporous silica shell [45] (several thousands of dye molecules per particle). In our case, a smaller

Towards rare-earth-free white light-emitting diode devices based on the combination of dicyanomethylene and pyranine as organic dyes supported on zinc single-layered hydroxide

• Jeff L. Nyalosaso,
• Rachod Boonsin,
• Pierre Vialat,
• Damien Boyer,
• Geneviève Chadeyron,
• Rachid Mahiou and
• Fabrice Leroux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 760–770, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.75

• before the measurement. Dye molecules used for the preparation of the organic phosphor film. (a) Normalized emission spectra of blue LED light and selected dyes in ethanol solution: DCM and HPTS and (b) their predicted combined spectrum. (a) SEM image, (b) XRD pattern and (c) TGA/DTA of zinc

Ceria/polymer nanocontainers for high-performance encapsulation of fluorophores

• Kartheek Katta,
• Dmitry Busko,
• Yuri Avlasevich,
• Katharina Landfester,
• Stanislav Baluschev and
• Rafael Muñoz-Espí

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 522–530, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.53

• ; singlet oxygen; Introduction Hybrid polymeric core–shell nanoparticles with encapsulated fluorescent dye molecules are frequently employed for life-science applications, such as cell labeling and drug delivery [1][2][3][4][5]. In recent years, polymeric hybrid nanoparticles and nanocapsules with tailored

• inorganic components on the surface have attracted great interest because of the possibility to tune size, composition, porosity, stability, surface functionality, and colloidal stability [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Generally, fluorescent dye molecules are sensitive to the external environment, which leads to

Low cost tips for tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy fabricated by two-step electrochemical etching of 125 µm diameter gold wires

• Antonino Foti,
• Francesco Barreca,
• Enza Fazio,
• Cristiano D’Andrea,
• Paolo Matteini,
• Onofrio Maria Maragò and
• Pietro Giuseppe Gucciardi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2718–2729, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.254

• on the shaft (red line). Typical laser powers are 1.0–2.5 mW and integration times are 0.5–1.0 s per pixel. TERS spectra of dyes, pigments and biomolecules The tips have been applied to evaluate the spectra of analyze standard dye molecules such as rhodamine 6G (R6G), crystal violet (CV), methylene

The role of adatoms in chloride-activated colloidal silver nanoparticles for surface-enhanced Raman scattering enhancement

• Nicolae Leopold,
• Andrei Stefancu,
• Krisztian Herman,
• István Sz. Tódor,
• Stefania D. Iancu,
• Vlad Moisoiu and
• Loredana F. Leopold

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2236–2247, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.208

• AgNP surface by mediating the chemisorption of Cl− ions. Hence, cationic dye molecules are electronically coupled to the silver surface at these SERS-active sites, leading to high-intensity SERS spectra. The appearance of the SERS effect only after the electronic coupling of the analyte to the Ag

• + cations for the generation of SERS-active sites on the nanoparticle surface [28][29]. When using the cit-AgNPs as a SERS substrate, no SERS spectra of the dye molecules could be obtained since the Lee–Meisel colloid does not contain any chloride ions that could form SERS-active sites. Small amounts of Cl

• +, Mg2+ or Ca2+ promote the chemisorption of Cl− ions, thereby generating SERS-active sites for cationic dye molecules. Thus, instead of adding additional Cl− ions, the SERS intensity of the analyte can be increased by adding cations such as Mg2+ or Ca2+, which promote the chemisorption of more Cl− onto

Dumbbell gold nanoparticle dimer antennas with advanced optical properties

• Janning F. Herrmann and
• Christiane Höppener

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2188–2197, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.205

• typical in regard of the obtained signal strength and the noise floor. Clearly, for all measurements individual dye molecules are identified. However, the signal contrast strongly deviates for each measurement. Apparently, the best signal-to-noise level is achieved with the CB[8]-mediated dimer antenna

Closed polymer containers based on phenylboronic esters of resorcinarenes

• Tatiana Yu. Sergeeva,
• Rezeda K. Mukhitova,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Marsil K. Kadirov,
• Polina D. Klypina,
• Albina Y. Ziganshina and
• Alexander I. Konovalov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1594–1601, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.151

• , p(SRA-B) is decomposed at pH 3 and 44–47% of the dye molecules are released from the cavity into the solution. The dissociation of the capsule can also occur after the addition influence of glucose. When glucose is added to the aqueous solution of Fl@p(SRA-B), a slight increase in the fluorescence

Cr(VI) remediation from aqueous environment through modified-TiO₂-mediated photocatalytic reduction

• Rashmi Acharya,
• Brundabana Naik and
• Kulamani Parida

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1448–1470, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.137

Nanoporous silicon nitride-based membranes of controlled pore size, shape and areal density: Fabrication as well as electrophoretic and molecular filtering characterization

• Axel Seidenstücker,
• Stefan Beirle,
• Fabian Enderle,
• Paul Ziemann,
• Othmar Marti and
• Alfred Plettl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1390–1398, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.131

• well as FIB-drilled single pores is carried out. Subsequently, molecular filtering as a direct application of our nanoporous membranes is demonstrated: Successful size-selective separation of dye molecules and labeled proteins is observed by real-time fluorescence microscopy. Results and Discussion