Efficiency of single-pulse laser fragmentation of organic nutraceutical dispersions in a circular jet flow-through reactor

• Tina Friedenauer,
• Maximilian Spellauge,
• Alexander Sommereyns,
• Verena Labenski,
• Tuba Esatbeyoglu,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Heinz P. Huber and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 711–727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.55

• , Supporting Information File 1. For curcumin, the influence of particle size on extinction, absorption, and scattering was calculated based on the Mie theory (using the program MiePlot [72]) for spherical particles in a range of 0.1 to 1000 µm at wavelengths of 532 and 1064 nm (Figure 7). For monodisperse

Aprepitant-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: a novel approach to enhance oral bioavailability

• Mazhar Hussain,
• Muhammad Farooq,
• Muhammad Asad Saeed,
• Muhammad Ijaz,
• Sherjeel Adnan,
• Zeeshan Masood,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Wafa Ishaq and
• Nabeela Ameer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 652–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.50

• significant particles aggregation. The PDI values remained stable across all formulations after redispersion. APT-CD-NP4 (from 0.2 ± 0.4 to 0.1 ± 0.5) and APT-PX-NP8 (0.1 ± 0.5 to 0.1 ± 0.6) retained their monodisperse distribution, while the PDI of other formulations remained at 1.0, indicating controlled

Size control of nanoparticles synthesized by pulsed laser ablation in liquids using donut-shaped beams

• Abdel Rahman Altakroury,
• Oleksandr Gatsa,
• Farbod Riahi,
• Zongwen Fu,
• Miroslava Flimelová,
• Andrei Samokhvalov,
• Stephan Barcikowski,
• Carlos Doñate-Buendía,
• Alexander V. Bulgakov and
• Bilal Gökce

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 407–417, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.31

• the size, requiring a monodisperse or at least monomodal size distribution. As an example, gold NPs with a narrow particle size distribution achieve a higher detection sensitivity in sensing applications [9]. Besides, NP size is critical for biomedical applications, where deviations from the optimum

Engineered PEG–PCL nanoparticles enable sensitive and selective detection of sodium dodecyl sulfate: a qualitative and quantitative analysis

• Soni Prajapati and
• Ranjana Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 385–396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.29

• ensures sufficient time for the formation of well-defined, monodisperse nanoparticles with consistent size and shape. The monodispersity of the nanoparticles is critical for their uniform behavior in biological and industrial applications, as it influences factors such as drug loading efficiency and

• , a measure of molecular mass distribution in a given polymer sample, was calculated to be 0.439 (Figure 2a). Typically, a PDI value near 0.3 indicates a monodisperse particle distribution, which is desirable for uniformity in size and performance [30]. However, the slightly elevated PDI observed here

Facile synthesis of size-tunable L-carnosine-capped silver nanoparticles and their role in metal ion sensing and catalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar,
• Ridhima Chadha,
• Abhishek Das,
• Nandita Maiti and
• Rayavarapu Raja Gopal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1576–1592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.124

• attributed to differences in particle sizes and monodispersity. TEM and DLS measurements revealed that ʟ-car-AgNP1 nanoparticles were spherical and monodisperse, whereas the other nanoparticles (ʟ-car-AgNP2–5) exhibited polydispersity and non-spherical shapes. This is in accordance with results from Jiji et

Green synthesis of carbon dot structures from Rheum Ribes and Schottky diode fabrication

• Muhammed Taha Durmus and
• Ebru Bozkurt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1369–1375, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.110

• that the CDs have a monodisperse distribution and a spherical structure (Figure 2a) [16]. Additionally, ImageJ software was used to analyze the size distribution of CDs. Most of the CDs were in the range of 1.0–2.5 nm with an average size of 1.5 nm (Figure 2b). The XRD pattern of the prepared CDs is

Nanoarchitectonics with cetrimonium bromide on metal nanoparticles for linker-free detection of toxic metal ions and catalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1312–1332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.106

• showed good PDI values of 0.123 and 0.249 for silver and gold nanospheres, respectively (Figure 2c). The very low PDIs prove that the nanospheres are monodisperse and non-aggregated. A PDI of less than 0.3 typically indicates a relatively narrow and well-controlled size distribution [40]. CTAB forms a

Unveiling the potential of alginate-based nanomaterials in sensing technology and smart delivery applications

• Shakhzodjon Uzokboev,
• Khojimukhammad Akhmadbekov,
• Ra’no Nuritdinova,
• Salah M. Tawfik and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1077–1104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.88

Comparative electron microscopy particle sizing of TiO₂ pigments: sample preparation and measurement

• Ralf Theissmann,
• Christopher Drury,
• Markus Rohe,
• Thomas Koch,
• Jochen Winkler and
• Petr Pikal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 317–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.29

• method is effective for loosely bound monodisperse particles such as polystyrene latex or gold particles. However, it can be challenging when dealing with highly agglomerated and cohesive particles such as TiO2, especially for laboratories without prior experience. The authors have chosen to use “E171

Curcumin-loaded albumin submicron particles with potential as a cancer therapy: an in vitro study

• Nittiya Suwannasom,
• Netsai Sriaksorn,
• Chutamas Thepmalee,
• Krissana Khoothiam,
• Ausanai Prapan,
• Hans Bäumler and
• Chonthida Thephinlap

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1127–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.93

• , Table S1). CUR loading did not change significantly the particle size. The particles were quite monodisperse as indicated by the relatively low PDI values. In addition, the zeta potential values of CUR-HSA-MPs (−15.30 ± 0.02 mV) and HSA-MPs (−14.50 ± 0.06 mV) were similar. The zeta potential analysis of

The steep road to nonviral nanomedicines: Frequent challenges and culprits in designing nanoparticles for gene therapy

• Yao Yao,
• Yeongun Ko,
• Grant Grasman,
• Jeffery E. Raymond and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 351–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.30

• solvent are used (e.g., deionized/polished deionized water or common buffer) allowing for comparison to other studies. Regarding standard practices, ASTM E3247 provides excellent advice for the assessment of monodisperse samples by DLS with a focus of accuracy, repeatability, reproducibility, and bias in

Biocatalytic synthesis and ordered self-assembly of silica nanoparticles via a silica-binding peptide

• Mustafa Gungormus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 280–290, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.25

• monodisperse nanoparticles and to modify the surface properties to fully exploit the advantages offered by self-assembly. Biomolecules, such as peptides and proteins, have been demonstrated to be useful in the synthesis and self-assembly of inorganic nanostructures [15][16]. Herein, we have investigated the

• , indicating highly monodisperse (PDI < 0.080) particles. At all concentrations, the particles were organized into a branched fibrillar network, which is characteristic to the gel state of colloidal SiO2 (Figure 2) [26]. Colloidal gels are formed when colloidally suspended particles form a branched fibrillar

• with increasing SiBP concentrations (Figure 3e,f). The PDI for the NH3 + 1 mM SiBP was lower compared to other groups containing NH3, indicating a narrower size distribution. However, the other groups also yielded monodisperse distributions with PDIs below 0.080 (Figure 3a–d). The second hypothesis of

Two-step single-reactor synthesis of oleic acid- or undecylenic acid-stabilized magnetic nanoparticles by thermal decomposition

• Mykhailo Nahorniak,
• Pamela Pasetto,
• Jean-Marc Greneche,
• Volodymyr Samaryk,
• Sandy Auguste,
• Anthony Rousseau,
• Nataliya Nosova and
• Serhii Varvarenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 11–22, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.2

• mol of acetylacetonate and up to 5.5 mol/mol. Below the mentioned limit, NPM dispersions were colloidally unstable, and at higher ratios no NPM were formed which could be precipitated by an applied magnetic field. Monodisperse nanoparticles of iron oxides were synthesized with a diameter of 8–13 nm

• sextet is composed of broadened and asymmetric lines. It can be well described by a discrete distribution of hyperfine fields, which also leads to an average isomeric shift corresponding to the presence of only Fe3+ moieties. Thus, it can be concluded that the described nanoparticles are monodisperse and

• of maghemite nanoparticles. These observations agree with the result of the present study, confirming the monodisperse nature of the maghemite nanoparticles obtained. The TMU-V nanoparticle sample was also measured at 300 and 77 K (Figure 6), and the profiles differ from those observed for the TMO-I

Facile preparation of Au- and BODIPY-grafted lipid nanoparticles for synergized photothermal therapy

• Yuran Wang,
• Xudong Li,
• Haijun Chen and
• Yu Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1432–1444, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.118

• particle size depended on the molar ratio of DSPE-DTPA/Au3+/BDP (Table 1). The particle sizes of AB-LNPs changed with the amount of the grafted BDP on the surface of Au-LNPs. AB-LNPs with optimal molar ratio showed appropriate particle size, monodisperse distribution, rice-like shape, and high drug loading

• related with the DSPE-DTPA/Au3+/BDP molar ratio. Using the optimal DSPE-DTPA/Au3+/BDP molar ratio of 2:1:1, AB-LNPs with appropriate particle size and monodisperse distribution could be prepared reproducibly at 25 °C. AB-LNPs demonstrated excellent stability, good photothermal conversion efficiency, and

Ethosomal (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate as a novel approach to enhance antioxidant, anti-collagenase and anti-elastase effects

• Çiğdem Yücel,
• Gökçe Şeker Karatoprak,
• Sena Yalçıntaş and
• Tuğba Eren Böncü

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 491–502, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.41

• min followed by sonication using an ultrasonic bath (Wise Clean, Korea, 210 W, 40 kHz), at 40% sonication strength, and three cycles of 30 min to obtain monodisperse vesicles and to enhance encapsulation efficiency [44][45]. Then, ETHs were collected by centrifugation at 10.000 rpm for 30 min. For the

Alcohol-perturbed self-assembly of the tobacco mosaic virus coat protein

• Ismael Abu-Baker and
• Amy Szuchmacher Blum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 355–362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.30

• applications [7][8]. Many viruses and VLPs form monodisperse particles due to the natural capsid protein symmetry and inter-subunit interactions, as well as interactions with encapsidated genetic material [9][10]. Viruses can be obtained in high yields by propagation in host organisms, and viral capsid

Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review

• Anastasiya Sergievskaya,
• Adrien Chauvin and
• Stephanos Konstantinidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2

• , Czech Republic 10.3762/bjnano.13.2 Abstract Sputter deposition of atoms onto liquid substrates aims at producing colloidal dispersions of small monodisperse ultrapure nanoparticles (NPs). Since sputtering onto liquids combines the advantages of the physical vapor deposition technique and classical

• the composition of surrounding media, it is extremely important to control these parameters. Nowadays, an interested reader can find thousands of different recipes of NP synthesis allowing one to prepare stable colloidal solutions of monodisperse NPs. However, not all published synthetic procedures

• reputation of a method permitting the production of ultrapure monodisperse NPs without additional stabilizing and reducing reagents. Despite the fact that low-pressure plasma-based sputtering is known since 1852 and widely used in industry [6][7][8], the SoL approach is not a well-established field yet

Colloidal particle aggregation: mechanism of assembly studied via constructal theory modeling

• Scott C. Bukosky,
• Sukrith Dev,
• Monica S. Allen and
• Jeffery W. Allen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 413–423, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.33

• increase in the coordination number. We should note that the results presented here assume the self-assembly of monodisperse spherical particles suspended in a monovalent salt solution arranged in a uniform starting configuration. Given the Brownian nature of colloidal particles, future simulations should

Characterization, bio-uptake and toxicity of polymer-coated silver nanoparticles and their interaction with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells

• Sahar Pourhoseini,
• Reilly T. Enos,
• Angela E. Murphy,
• Bo Cai and
• Jamie R. Lead

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 282–294, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.23

• 0.18, indicating an acceptably monodisperse particle suspension and an absence of larger agglomerates in ultrahigh-purity water (UHPW) (Table 1). A representative curve is shown in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1a. The zeta potential was measured as −23.3 ± 2.1 mV for PVP-coated AgNPs (PVP

A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures

• Sina Kaabipour and
• Shohreh Hemmati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 102–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.9

Nanocasting synthesis of BiFeO₃ nanoparticles with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity

• Thomas Cadenbach,
• Maria J. Benitez,
• A. Lucia Morales,
• Cesar Costa Vera,
• Luis Lascano,
• Francisco Quiroz,
• Alexis Debut and
• Karla Vizuete

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1822–1833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.164

• Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Av. Gral. Rumiñahui s/n, Sangolquí, PO Box 171-5-231B, Ecuador 10.3762/bjnano.11.164 Abstract In this work, monodisperse BiFeO3 nanoparticles with a particle diameter of 5.5 nm were synthesized by a nanocasting technique using mesoporous silica SBA-15 as a hard template and pre

• wet impregnation process and a calcination procedure with intermediate plateaus, monodisperse 5.5 nm BiFeO3 nanoparticles were successfully obtained. Furthermore, the nanoparticles were applied in photodegradation reactions of rhodamine B in aqueous solution under visible-light irradiation. Notably

• exclusively round particles with a particle diameter of 5.5 nm with a very narrow size distribution (standard deviation of ±1.0 nm on 258 analyzed particles, see histogram in Figure 5b). The monodisperse nature of the nanoparticles as well as their size of 5.5 nm confirms the successful wet impregnation of

High-responsivity hybrid α-Ag₂S/Si photodetector prepared by pulsed laser ablation in liquid

• Raid A. Ismail,
• Hanan A. Rawdhan and
• Duha S. Ahmed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1596–1607, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.142

• monodisperse Ag2S NPs when using the CTAB surfactant. The optoelectronic properties of α-Ag2S/p-Si photodetector, such as current–voltage characteristics and responsivity in the dark and under illumination, were also improved after using the CTAB surfactant. The responsivity of the photodetector increases from

• . Keywords: cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB); laser ablation; monodisperse; photodetector; silver(I) sulfide (Ag2S); thiourea; Introduction Nanomaterials have attracted considerable attention due to their superior chemical and physical properties. The size-dependent properties of nanomaterials have

• show a strong tendency to agglomerate and aggregate and consequently form large particles. In this context, extensive studies have been conducted to obtain monodisperse and single-morphology Ag2S NPs. Dong et al. prepared faceted and cubic Ag2S nanocrystals using a cost-effective cetyltrimethylammonium

Applications of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in drug and therapeutic delivery, and biotechnological advancements

• Maria Suciu,
• Corina M. Ionescu,
• Alexandra Ciorita,
• Septimiu C. Tripon,
• Dragos Nica,
• Hani Al-Salami and
• Lucian Barbu-Tudoran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1092–1109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.94

• vitro and in vivo [24]. Also, the synthesis of nanoparticles larger than 20 nm requires a certain surface coverage of the nanoparticles to obtain a monodisperse colloidal solution and to prevent the aggregation of nanoparticles. The substances used for the synthesis are either lipids or surfactants. In

Uniform Fe₃O₄/Gd₂O₃-DHCA nanocubes for dual-mode magnetic resonance imaging

• Miao Qin,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Mengjie Xu,
• Hui Yan,
• Yizhu Cheng,
• Xiumei Zhang,
• Di Huang,
• Weiyi Chen and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1000–1009, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.84

• (about 6.33 ± 0.09 nm) but were still monodisperse (Figure 2b,e). The change in size might have happened due to changes in the surface when the FGOA nanocubes were converted into FGDA nanocubes. In order to verify the composition and distribution of elements in the FGDA nanocubes, energy-dispersive X-ray

Nanoparticles based on the zwitterionic pillar[5]arene and Ag⁺: synthesis, self-assembly and cytotoxicity in the human lung cancer cell line A549

• Dmitriy N. Shurpik,
• Denis A. Sevastyanov,
• Pavel V. Zelenikhin,
• Pavel L. Padnya,
• Vladimir G. Evtugyn,
• Yuriy N. Osin and
• Ivan I. Stoikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 421–431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.33

• that the stable monodisperse 3/Ag+ associates were formed only in the case of macrocycle 3 (10−3–10−5 M) in the presence of Ag+ (Supporting Information File 1, Table S1) over a wide range of concentrations. Thus, the formation of monodisperse nanometer-sized associates occurs with a ten-fold excess of

• Ag+ (10−2 M) at a macrocycle 3 concentration of 10−3 M (Supporting Information File 1, Table S1). With a decrease in the concentration of 3 (10−4–10−5 M), the formation of monodisperse nanometer-sized associates occurs over a wider range of concentrations of Ag+ (10−3–10−5 M) (Supporting Information

• methods. As a result of the association, monodisperse 3/Ag+ nanoparticles are formed in the entire wide range of concentrations studied (10−3–10−5M). The minimum PDI values (0.041) were obtained for the macrocycle/AgNO3 = 1:10 ratio (c(3) = 10−4 M, c(AgNO3) = 10−3 M) with an average hydrodynamic diameter