Laser synthesis of nanoparticles in organic solvents – products, reactions, and perspectives

• Theo Fromme,
• Sven Reichenberger,
• Katharine M. Tibbetts and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 638–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.54

• nuclear reactions such as the (alpha) decay of uranium in the proximity of Au nanoparticles [40][41]. This LSPC process variant has also been called pulsed laser photoreduction/-oxidation in liquids (LPL) [42], and LRL has recently been reviewed by the Tibbetts group emphasizing the involved redox

Antimicrobial and mechanical properties of functionalized textile by nanoarchitectured photoinduced Ag@polymer coating

• Jessica Plé,
• Marine Dabert,
• Helene Lecoq,
• Sophie Hellé,
• Lydie Ploux and
• Lavinia Balan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 95–109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.11

•  5). This result is of great importance because it confirms the complete photoreduction of the precursor and the absence of any oxidized form of silver in the Ag@polymer coating. Mechanical properties Flexibility and adhesion Functionalization of the textiles with the Ag@polymer does not

Recent trends in Bi-based nanomaterials: challenges, fabrication, enhancement techniques, and environmental applications

• Vishal Dutta,
• Ankush Chauhan,
• Ritesh Verma,
• C. Gopalkrishnan and
• Van-Huy Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1316–1336, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.109

• pristine Bi2O3 and Bi2S3. They found that photoinduced holes were the main oxidative species for eliminating RhB, whereas photogenerated electrons were responsible for the photoreduction of Cr(VI). Typically, the Fermi energy level of n-type Bi2O3 is quite close to the VB, while the Fermi energy level of p

• , efficiently contributing to enhanced photocatalytic performance. Another research group reported that photoreduction and hydrothermal techniques were used to successfully synthesize a new 2D/2D Bi2MoO6/g-C3N4 S-scheme composite including Au as a co-catalyzer [107]. Bi2MoO6/g-C3N4/Au had a photocatalytic

Rapid fabrication of MgO@g-C₃N₄ heterojunctions for photocatalytic nitric oxide removal

• Minh-Thuan Pham,
• Duyen P. H. Tran,
• Xuan-Thanh Bui and
• Sheng-Jie You

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1141–1154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.96

• with a lower bandgap is an efficient process for improving the photocatalytic performance. Li and co-workers reported an improvement in the photocatalytic efficiency of MgO@g-C3N4 for the photoreduction of CO2 under visible light [33]. Similarly, MgO-modified g-C3N4 nanostructures enhanced the removal

Zinc oxide nanostructures for fluorescence and Raman signal enhancement: a review

• Ioana Marica,
• Fran Nekvapil,
• Maria Ștefan,
• Cosmin Farcău and
• Alexandra Falamaș

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 472–490, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.40

• emission was demonstrated for Au–ZnO nanocomposites obtained through a simple photoreduction method and has been assigned to the surface plasmon oscillations of Au and the electron capture by the single ionized oxygen vacancies in ZnO [103]. Surface-enhanced fluorescence using ZnO nanostructures

Tin dioxide nanomaterial-based photocatalysts for nitrogen oxide oxidation: a review

• Viet Van Pham,
• Hong-Huy Tran,
• Thao Kim Truong and
• Thi Minh Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 96–113, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.7

• al. on using Ag@SnO2 NPs for removing NO, taking advantage of plasmonic-induced photocatalysis [72]. The Ag@SnO2 NPs were fabricated by a simple and green approach using hydrothermal growth and photoreduction deposition. The introduction of Ag induced a bending of the band structure of SnO2 NPs

Self-assembly of amino acids toward functional biomaterials

• Huan Ren,
• Lifang Wu,
• Lina Tan,
• Yanni Bao,
• Yuchen Ma,
• Yong Jin and
• Qianli Zou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1140–1150, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.85

• encapsulated in the Cys/Zn framework as a guest molecule to obtain the original pigment model, which can achieve methyl violet (MV2+) photoreduction, CO2 photoreduction, NADH formation, and hydrogen release [60]. In addition, histidine has site-specific metal ion coordination with an imidazole ring [61]. Han

Antimicrobial metal-based nanoparticles: a review on their synthesis, types and antimicrobial action

• Matías Guerrero Correa,
• Fernanda B. Martínez,
• Cristian Patiño Vidal,
• Camilo Streitt,
• Juan Escrig and
• Carol Lopez de Dicastillo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1450–1469, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.129

• subsections. Physical methods Examples of physical methods used to synthesize NPs are the evaporation/condensation method, magnetron sputtering, mechanochemical processing (MCP), microwave-thermal method, photoreduction process, and pulsed laser ablation, among others. The evaporation/condensation method

• and polyhedral-shaped nanoparticles, for example, without compromising their size [30]. Another interesting technique used is the very slow ultraviolet irradiation photoreduction process in which the morphology of the nanoparticles can be controlled based on the cation concentration and the

Photoactive nanoarchitectures based on clays incorporating TiO₂ and ZnO nanoparticles

• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky,
• Pilar Aranda,
• Marwa Akkari,
• Nithima Khaorapapong and
• Makoto Ogawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1140–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.114

• , highly toxic heavy metals such as Cr(VI) and Hg(II) can be removed from aqueous environments by photoreduction employing NPs as heterogeneous photocatalysts leading to insolubilization [23][27][28][29]. Based on the redox and photoactive properties, TiO2 and ZnO are the most commonly reported

Synthesis of novel C-doped g-C₃N₄ nanosheets coupled with CdIn₂S₄ for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

• Jingshuai Chen,
• Chang-Jie Mao,
• Helin Niu and
• Ji-Ming Song

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 912–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.92

• metal-free organic catalysts with visible-light response, has been extensively used in pollutant elimination, hydrogen production and photoreduction of CO2 because of its facile fabrication, superior physicochemical stability, appropriate energy band structure, and low cost [7][8][9]. Nevertheless, the

• attention because of the suitable band edge and band gap, as well as tunable optical properties [23][24][25][26][27][28]. For example, CdIn2S4 has been reported in various photoredox catalysis, such as organic photosynthesis, CO2 photoreduction and H2 evolution [29][30][31]. Despite these advances, the

Reduced graphene oxide supported C₃N₄ nanoflakes and quantum dots as metal-free catalysts for visible light assisted CO₂ reduction

• Md Rakibuddin and
• Haekyoung Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 448–458, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.44

• promising for CO2 photoreduction because of their excellent activity and environmental sustainability. Keywords: CO2 reduction; metal-free hybrid; nanoflakes; photocatalyst; quantum dots; Introduction The solar-light-assisted photocatalytic reduction of CO2 into useful chemicals, such as HCOOH, HCHO, CH4

• , and CH3OH is one of the sustainable ways to address the issues of both global warming and the energy crisis [1][2][3][4][5][6]. So far, a variety of semiconductor photocatalysts, such as ZnO, TiO2, WO3, and CdS have been developed for the photoreduction of CO2 [7][8][9][10]. However, poor separation

• significant findings, there have been few studies focused on the improvement of the visible light absorption of g-C3N4/rGO hybrid materials [28][29][30][31] and g-C3N4 QDs, and their CO2 photoreduction ability has not yet been reported. Hence, in our present study, metal-free hybrid catalysts consisting of

The role of adatoms in chloride-activated colloidal silver nanoparticles for surface-enhanced Raman scattering enhancement

• Nicolae Leopold,
• Andrei Stefancu,
• Krisztian Herman,
• István Sz. Tódor,
• Stefania D. Iancu,
• Vlad Moisoiu and
• Loredana F. Leopold

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2236–2247, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.208

• seems to prevail over the Raman enhancement due to nanoparticle aggregation. Keywords: chloride activation; electronic coupling; photoreduction; silver nanoparticles; SERS-active sites; SERS switch-on effect; Introduction The most common surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate is the silver

• equivalent power “warm light” emitting bulb. Nonetheless, similar results were obtained when using a lower power LED bulb (12 W, 6400 K, cool white, 960 lm). However, in most of the reported studies on silver nanoparticles synthesized by photoreduction, the photosynthesis was performed in the presence of

• organic stabilizing agents such as citrate [19] or poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) [20][21]. The photoreduction of AgCl crystals has also been previously reported; however, the photoconversion of AgCl to silver nanoparticles was performed in the presence of stabilizing agents, such as proteins [22] or DNA [23

Cr(VI) remediation from aqueous environment through modified-TiO₂-mediated photocatalytic reduction

• Rashmi Acharya,
• Brundabana Naik and
• Kulamani Parida

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1448–1470, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.137

• charge carriers, extension of the light absorption range and intensity, increase of the surface active sites, and higher photostability. Advantages and limitations for photoreduction of Cr(VI) over modified TiO2 are depicted in the Conclusion. The various challenges that restrict the technology from

• range of TiO2 by modification with metal sulfides. The enhancement in photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) over noble-metal-modified TiO2 is depicted in section five whereas section six includes the use of dye-sensitized TiO2 for photoreduction of Cr(VI). Optical and electrochemical characteristics of

• carbon dots (CDs), have been used to modify semiconductor photocatalysts in order to promote the separation of photoinduced species and extend the light absorption range, which are crucial for enhanced photoactivity [102][103][104][105]. In this section, we have discussed photoreduction of Cr(VI) over

Surface-plasmon-enhanced ultraviolet emission of Au-decorated ZnO structures for gas sensing and photocatalytic devices

• T. Anh Thu Do,
• Truong Giang Ho,
• Thu Hoai Bui,
• Quang Ngan Pham,
• Hong Thai Giang,
• Thi Thu Do,
• Duc Van Nguyen and
• Dai Lam Tran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 771–779, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.70

• simple chemical bath deposition and photoreduction methods. The analysis of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), UV–vis absorption, and photoluminescence (PL) spectra results were used to verify the incorporation

• photocatalytic decomposition. Conclusion ZnO and hybrid Au NP/ZnO films on glass substrates were synthesized using a simple chemical bath deposition and photoreduction process. The surface plasmonic resonance of the Au NPs on sub-micrometer ZnO spheres was verified by UV–vis absorption, photoluminescence and

Mechanistic insights into plasmonic photocatalysts in utilizing visible light

• Kah Hon Leong,
• Azrina Abd Aziz,
• Lan Ching Sim,
• Pichiah Saravanan,
• Min Jang and
• Detlef Bahnemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 628–648, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.59

• photoreduction of graphene oxide (GO) to graphene or reduced graphene oxide (rGO) by Wu et al. Their study revealed the photocatalytic Ag NP reduction at λ > 390 nm [95]. The schematic diagram representing the interaction of GO with Ag is shown in Figure 8. The LSPR effect on the Ag NPs generated a strong

Review on optofluidic microreactors for artificial photosynthesis

• Xiaowen Huang,
• Jianchun Wang,
• Tenghao Li,
• Jianmei Wang,
• Min Xu,
• Weixing Yu,
• Abdel El Abed and
• Xuming Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 30–41, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.5

• moves to the surface-active sites for surface redox reactions [64]. The activation equations for water splitting, CO2 photoreduction and coenzyme regeneration are as follows: Equation 1 represents the formation of the electron–hole pair. Equation 2 and Equation 3 describe the water splitting process

• paper composite membrane for the photoreduction of CO2 [76], as shown in Figure 6. Using this device, they studied the factors that affected the methanol yield (such as flow rate, light intensity and catalyst loading) and obtained a high reduction result in comparison to the reported data. Other

Facile synthesis of silver/silver thiocyanate (Ag@AgSCN) plasmonic nanostructures with enhanced photocatalytic performance

• Xinfu Zhao,
• Dairong Chen,
• Abdul Qayum,
• Bo Chen and
• Xiuling Jiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2781–2789, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.277

• process, part of AgSCN was transferred to Ag by photoreduction with the color of the solid changing from milk white to pale red, red brown and black. The samples were dried at 60 °C for 6 h in a vacuum drying box. Then the Ag@AgSCN nanostructures with different molar ratio of Ag:AgSCN were obtained. As a

Laser-assisted fabrication of gold nanoparticle-composed structures embedded in borosilicate glass

• Nikolay Nedyalkov,
• Mihaela Koleva,
• Nadya Stankova,
• Rosen Nikov,
• Mitsuhiro Terakawa,
• Yasutaka Nakajima,
• Lyubomir Aleksandrov and
• Reni Iordanova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2454–2463, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.244

• ., silicate, phosphate and borate glasses, titanium and aluminum oxides, and polymers) are processed by laser radiation with appropriate parameters. Metal nanoparticles are formed within the irradiated area after a subsequent thermal annealing. This photoreduction process has been achieved by using CW lasers

Luminescent supramolecular hydrogels from a tripeptide and nitrogen-doped carbon nanodots

• Maria C. Cringoli,
• Slavko Kralj,
• Marina Kurbasic,
• Massimo Urban and
• Silvia Marchesan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1553–1562, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.157

• . Their properties allow them to have an important impact in biological and environmental applications as alternatives to traditional, toxic, semiconductor-based quantum dots (QDs). They can be employed as biosensors in bioimaging, drug delivery, and in the photoreduction of metals, since they have

Synthesis of graphene–transition metal oxide hybrid nanoparticles and their application in various fields

• Arpita Jana,
• Elke Scheer and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 688–714, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.74

Direct formation of gold nanorods on surfaces using polymer-immobilised gold seeds

• Majid K. Abyaneh,
• Pietro Parisse and
• Loredana Casalis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 809–816, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.72

• direct growth on surfaces that were pre-coated with polymer-immobilised gold seeds. A Au–PMMA nanocomposite formed by UV photoreduction has been used as the gold seed. The influence of polymer Mw and gold concentration on the formation of GNRs has been investigated and discussed. The polymer

• formed by UV photoreduction. PMMA has amazing properties such as transparency, flexibility and light weight. Moreover, it is able to immobilise the nanoparticles avoiding their agglomeration and thus maintaining the novel size-dependent properties of nanomaterials. PMMA is widely used in lithography and

• numerous experiments and efforts to investigate the formation of gold nanoparticles in a polymer matrix and also to produce well-defined geometries of gold nanoparticles by using photoreduction [30][31]. It has been shown that by using different concentrations of gold salt, one can control the shape as

Surfactant-controlled composition and crystal structure of manganese(II) sulfide nanocrystals prepared by solvothermal synthesis

• Elena Capetti,
• Anna M. Ferretti,
• Vladimiro Dal Santo and
• Alessandro Ponti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2319–2329, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.238

• ), ≈100 K (β-MnS), and 154 K (α-MnS) [6]. The interesting physical properties and the rich polymorphism prompted research on MnS nanocrystals (NCs) in view of applications as photoluminescent components [7], photoreduction catalysts [8], anode materials in lithium-ion batteries [9], and supercapacitor

Functionalized nanostructures for enhanced photocatalytic performance under solar light

• Liejin Guo,
• Dengwei Jing,
• Maochang Liu,
• Yubin Chen,
• Shaohua Shen,
• Jinwen Shi and
• Kai Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 994–1004, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.113

• as electron trapping sites and extract photogenerated electrons from Cd0.5Zn0.5S substrate, which finally leads to spatially separated photoreduction and oxidation reactions. NiS plays a similar role as a noble metal, which can provide active sites for proton reduction, and thus efficiently enhance

Enhancement of photocatalytic H₂ evolution of eosin Y-sensitized reduced graphene oxide through a simple photoreaction

• Weiying Zhang,
• Yuexiang Li,
• Shaoqin Peng and
• Xiang Cai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 801–811, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.92

• ; graphene oxide; H2 evolution; photocatalysis; photoreduction; sp2 conjugated domains; Introduction Hydrogen is an efficient and green energy carrier. Photocatalytic water splitting into hydrogen by means of solar energy and semiconductor photocatalysts is a environmentally friendly way to produce storable

• -hybridization in the GO layer. As a result, the conductivity of GO decreases greatly compared with that of graphene. Amongst various methods for the reduction of GO to form RGO, photoreaction (photoreduction) is “green” without any toxic chemical reagents. Moreover, it is easy to control the degree of reduction

• processes can be described by the following reactions. The formed RGOx− can reduce PtCl62− at the zigzag edges of the RGOx. Figure 9C shows the Pt nanoparticles deposited on the surface of RGO24 by an in situ photoreduction of H2PtCl6 with EY sensitization. It clearly displays the uniform Pt aggregated

Enhanced photocatalytic activity of Ag–ZnO hybrid plasmonic nanostructures prepared by a facile wet chemical method

• Sini Kuriakose,
• Vandana Choudhary,
• Biswarup Satpati and
• Satyabrata Mohapatra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 639–650, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.75

• microrods, by photoreduction of Ag ions onto the surface of the ZnO microrods prepared through a solvothermal-assisted method, which showed enhanced sun light active photocatalytic activity. In this paper, we report the synthesis of Ag–ZnO hybrid plasmonic nanostructures by a two-step facile wet chemical

• method involving the trisodium citrate assisted photoreduction of Ag ions onto the surface of ZnO nanostructures, prepared by a facile wet chemical method. The effects of citrate concentration and Ag nanoparticle loading on the photocatalytic activity of Ag–ZnO hybrid plasmonic nanostructures towards sun

• peaks in the diffraction patterns clearly indicates the formation of crystalline Ag nanoparticles by photoreduction onto ZnO nanostructures. No extra peaks related to any impurity or silver oxides were observed, which confirms that the as-synthesized products are pure wurtzite ZnO and Ag–ZnO hybrid