A review of metal-organic frameworks and polymers in mixed matrix membranes for CO₂ capture

• Charlotte Skjold Qvist Christensen,
• Nicholas Hansen,
• Mahboubeh Motadayen,
• Nina Lock,
• Martin Lahn Henriksen and
• Jonathan Quinson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 155–186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.14

• ]. Katayama et al. [113] found that a MMM with 50 wt % allyl-functionalized UiO-66 in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) exhibited macroscopic voids. The MMM had a CO2/N2 selectivity of just 1.0 ± 0.2 and a staggering CO2 permeability of 20115 ± 9275 Barrer. An equivalent MMM with an ideal MOF–polymer matrix

Out-of-plane polarization induces a picosecond photoresponse in rhombohedral stacked bilayer WSe₂

• Guixian Liu,
• Yufan Wang,
• Zhoujuan Xu,
• Zhouxiaosong Zeng,
• Lanyu Huang,
• Cuihuan Ge and
• Xiao Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1362–1368, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.109

• photoelectric detection. Experimental Device fabrication The 2D materials, WSe2 and graphene, were obtained from high-quality bulk crystals using the mechanical exfoliation method. The monolayer WSe2 nanoflakes were exfoliated onto a transparent polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film, selected based on optical

Investigation on drag reduction on rotating blade surfaces with microtextures

• Qinsong Zhu,
• Chen Zhang,
• Fuhang Yu and
• Yan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 833–853, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.70

• is worth studying. Chemicals (e.g., polydimethylsiloxane) can quickly replicate biomimetic microstructures, but the operation process is complex, and the soft surfaces are not suitable for surfaces in high-speed flows. Microtextures with different sectional shapes: (a) triangles; (b) trapezoids, and

Ultrasensitive and ultrastretchable metal crack strain sensor based on helical polydimethylsiloxane

• Shangbi Chen,
• Dewen Liu,
• Weiwei Chen,
• Huajiang Chen,
• Jiawei Li and
• Jinfang Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 270–278, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.25

• metal crack sensors that exhibit exceptional performance in terms of ultrahigh sensitivity and ultrahigh stretchability. This is achieved by incorporating a helical structure into the substrate through a modeling process and, subsequently, depositing a thin film of gold onto the polydimethylsiloxane

• platform for constructing strain sensors with both high sensitivity and stretchability, showing a far-reaching significance and influence for developing next-generation practically applicable soft electronics. Keywords: crack sensors; helical structure; polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS); ultrahigh sensitivity

• film deposited on a microstructured polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate [21]. The sensor exhibits exceptional strain sensitivity, allowing for stretching of up to 20% strain. Liu et al. have successfully developed a strain sensor that exhibits high-performance characteristics [22]. A fish-scale-like

Hierarchically patterned polyurethane microgrooves featuring nanopillars or nanoholes for neurite elongation and alignment

• Lester Uy Vinzons,
• Guo-Chung Dong and
• Shu-Ping Lin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1157–1168, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.96

• nanopillar array on an SU-8 film (Figure 1A(i) and (ii)). SU-8 generates a strong acid in UV-exposed areas, which, in turn, undergo acid-initiated crosslinking during the post-exposure baking step [18]. However, we found that the subsequent formation of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) inverse mold from the SU

Silver-based SERS substrates fabricated using a 3D printed microfluidic device

• Phommachith Sonexai,
• Minh Van Nguyen,
• Bui The Huy and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 793–803, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.65

• evaporative drying (Scheme S1a, Supporting Information File 1). Before casting into the printed mold, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) SylgardTM 184 and curing agent (10:1, w/w) were mixed for 10 min and de-bubbled in vacuum for 30 min. The PDMS cast was dried for 18 h to cure after being dried in air for 24 h

Gap-directed chemical lift-off lithographic nanoarchitectonics for arbitrary sub-micrometer patterning

• Chang-Ming Wang,
• Hong-Sheng Chan,
• Chia-Li Liao,
• Che-Wei Chang and
• Wei-Ssu Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 34–44, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.4

• through reusable economic hardware and straightforward processes [5]. For instance, microcontact printing, which transfers ink molecules (e.g., alkanethiols) onto a surface (e.g., Au) using a soft material stamp (e.g., polydimethylsiloxane), is a strong contender in this field as the technique is easy to

• ][18][19]. Instead of transferring ink molecules from a stamp reservoir, this technique selectively removes alkanethiol molecules from a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) covered flat Au surface. An oxygen-plasma-activated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamp bearing patterns originating from a silicon

Recent advances in nanoarchitectures of monocrystalline coordination polymers through confined assembly

• Lingling Xia,
• Qinyue Wang and
• Ming Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 763–777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.67

• temperature. In some parts of the photonic balls, the particles were attached tightly. However, even in this case, voids still could not be avoided. Monocrystalline coordination polymers were also dispersed in a solvent containing a polydimethylsiloxane (Figure 7b) [139]. The mixed solution was cast at liquid

Fabrication and testing of polymer microneedles for transdermal drug delivery

• Vahid Ebrahiminejad,
• Zahra Faraji Rad,
• Philip D. Prewett and
• Graham J. Davies

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 629–640, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.55

• manufacturing processes for MNs is of considerable interest. This study reports a simple fabrication process for thermoplastic MNs from cycloolefin polymers (COP) using hot embossing on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) soft molds. COP has gained interest due to its high molding performance and low cost. The resin

• , then rinsed in isopropanol (IPA) solution for 3 minutes. The final master MN array was carefully rinsed with deionized water and air-dried (Figure 1a). Manufacturing PDMS molds and MN replication The master MNs were subsequently used to make soft polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) molds for hot embossing the

Design and characterization of polymeric microneedles containing extracts of Brazilian green propolis

• Camila Felix Vecchi,
• Rafaela Said dos Santos,
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva and
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 503–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.42

• northeast regions of the states of Paraná, São Paulo, and Minas Gerais [31][32][33]. The PRP used had all suitable characteristics to be used in the following experiments. Preparation of mold When using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), the combination of base and catalyst resulted in a translucent mixture

• from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was obtained from Neon (Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and ethanol 96° GL was purchased from Labsynth (Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil). SylgardTM 184 silicone elastomers kit (polydimethylsiloxane; PDMS) was purchased from Dow (Midland

A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment

• Senuri Kumarage,
• Imalka Munaweera and
• Nilwala Kottegoda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10

• solvent to be evaporated sufficiently. Also, a pore size increase of a electrospun PVDF membrane incorporated with polydimethylsiloxane has been observed with increased polymer flow rate [28]. Megelski et al. have also reported that the flow rate had an effect on both fiber diameter and morphology for PS

A photonic crystal material for the online detection of nonpolar hydrocarbon vapors

• Evgenii S. Bolshakov,
• Aleksander V. Ivanov,
• Andrei A. Kozlov,
• Anton S. Aksenov,
• Elena V. Isanbaeva,
• Sergei E. Kushnir,
• Aleksei D. Yapryntsev,
• Aleksander E. Baranchikov and
• Yury A. Zolotov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 127–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.9

• array with a sensing matrix of polydimethylsiloxane, have been determined by using scanning electron microscopy and by the results of specular reflectance spectroscopy based on the Bragg–Snell law. A new approach has been proposed for the application of this sensor in chemical analysis for the

• are a CCA of polystyrene submicrometer particles embedded in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer. The matrix interaction was responsible for the main mechanism, which was monitored by configuration changes of the photonic bandgap using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Results and Discussion

• polydimethylsiloxane layer, measured in the SCE mode, had a significant intensity decrease at the assumed maximum point of the reflection. For a sensor with a PDMS layer, the spectrum intensity of the specular reflectance component, regarding the diffuse reflectance spectrum, decreases. This is expressed in the

Polarity in cuticular ridge development and insect attachment on leaf surfaces of Schismatoglottis calyptrata (Araceae)

• Venkata A. Surapaneni,
• Tobias Aust,
• Thomas Speck and
• Marc Thielen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1326–1338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.98

• stage 4. The polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS, positive mold) replicas of the leaf surfaces aided the study of the ontogenetic variation in the morphology of the ridges. Some leaf material, but only at stages 2A and 3, remained attached to the epoxy (negative mold) replicas during the replication process

• , polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS, Bluesil ESA 7250 A & B kit, Bluestar Silicones GmbH, Leverkusen, Germany; weight ratio of 10:1) positive molds dyed in red were obtained from the negative molds and allowed to cure. A detailed explanation of the replication process is given in Kumar et al. [46] and Surapaneni et al. [23

An overview of microneedle applications, materials, and fabrication methods

• Zahra Faraji Rad,
• Philip D. Prewett and
• Graham J. Davies

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1034–1046, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.77

• , the exposure to UV light creates bonds through crosslinking whereby the exposed areas become less soluble in the developer [74][85]. In replica-moulding or micromoulding processes, a master (hard) mould is first produced. A liquid polymer solution, like polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), is then deposited

Nanogenerator-based self-powered sensors for data collection

• Yicheng Shao,
• Maoliang Shen,
• Yuankai Zhou,
• Xin Cui,
• Lijie Li and
• Yan Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 680–693, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.54

• intelligence. Wang et al. proposed a hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene film and sponge-like graphene/polydimethylsiloxane composite material to prepare a multifunctional self-powered sensor [51]. The sensor can infer the performance of the material through the difference in the output of the electrical

• deployment and maintenance of sensors will bring challenges for intelligent transportation systems. PENGs/TENGs can gain energy from vibrations without the need for an energy grid. In 2013, Lin et al. [3] proposed a transparent and flexible PENG (TFNG) based on a flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS

Properties of graphene deposited on GaN nanowires: influence of nanowire roughness, self-induced nanogating and defects

• Jakub Kierdaszuk,
• Piotr Kaźmierczak,
• Justyna Grzonka,
• Aleksandra Krajewska,
• Aleksandra Przewłoka,
• Wawrzyniec Kaszub,
• Zbigniew R. Zytkiewicz,
• Marta Sobanska,
• Maria Kamińska,
• Andrzej Wysmołek and
• Aneta Drabińska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 566–577, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.47

• the transfer onto NW substrates [31]. Therefore, we used stable orthogonal frames from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymer to stabilize the graphene during the transfer process [32]. The GaN NW substrates were fabricated by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PAMBE) in N-rich conditions on (111

The nanomorphology of cell surfaces of adhered osteoblasts

• Christian Voelkner,
• Mirco Wendt,
• Regina Lange,
• Max Ulbrich,
• Martina Gruening,
• Susanne Staehlke,
• Barbara Nebe,
• Ingo Barke and
• Sylvia Speller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 242–256, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.20

• coatings of positively charged plasma-polymerized allylamine (PPAAm) or negatively charged Au were used, see below. Viability tests (MTS) were performed on glass, sputter-deposited Au, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and PPAAm coating with native titanium and cell culture plastic as reference. Cell viability

Out-of-plane surface patterning by subsurface processing of polymer substrates with focused ion beams

• Serguei Chiriaev,
• Luciana Tavares,
• Vadzim Adashkevich,
• Arkadiusz J. Goszczak and
• Horst-Günter Rubahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1693–1703, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.151

• of the polymer. Effects of subsurface and surface processes on the surface morphology have been studied for three polymer materials: poly(methyl methacrylate), polycarbonate, and polydimethylsiloxane, by using focused ion beam irradiation with He+, Ne+, and Ga+. Thin films of a Pt60Pd40 alloy and of

• destroys the films and roughens the surface due to dominating sputtering processes. A very different behavior, resulting in the formation of complex, multiscale 3D patterns, is observed for polydimethylsiloxane samples. The roles of the metal film structure, elastic properties of the polymer substrate, and

• pathways for volatile radiolysis products to leave the irradiated material. We also investigate the possibility to pattern the surface of other polymer substrates, such as polycarbonate (PC) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), by subsurface processing with He+ ions. The choice of materials for this work has

Piezoelectric sensor based on graphene-doped PVDF nanofibers for sign language translation

• Shuai Yang,
• Xiaojing Cui,
• Rui Guo,
• Zhiyi Zhang,
• Shengbo Sang and
• Hulin Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1655–1662, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.148

• Pharmaceutical Group. Graphene powder was purchased from Suzhou Carbon Fung Graphene Technology Company. Ag NWs (60 nm in diameter) were purchased from Lit Nanotech. Ti3C2 MXene was purchased from Beijing Beike New Material Technology Company. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and curing agent were purchased from

Electrokinetic characterization of synthetic protein nanoparticles

• Daniel F. Quevedo,
• Cody J. Lentz,
• Adriana Coll de Peña,
• Yazmin Hernandez,
• Nahal Habibi,
• Rikako Miki,
• Joerg Lahann and
• Blanca H. Lapizco-Encinas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1556–1567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.138

• and −17.4 ± 0.6 mV SPNP-BSA-555. The EK devices to study these particles were made using microdevice manufacturing techniques as previously described. Standard soft lithography techniques were used to cast polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) onto molds, and the resulting microdevices were sealed with PDMS

A novel dry-blending method to reduce the coefficient of thermal expansion of polymer templates for OTFT electrodes

• Xiangdong Ye,
• Bo Tian,
• Yuxuan Guo,
• Fan Fan and
• Anjiang Cai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 671–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.53

• thermal expansion (CTE) of the polymer template is much higher than the CTE of the dielectric layer. Here, a novel dry-blending method is described in which SiO2 nanoparticles are filled into a grooved silicon template, followed by permeation of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) into the SiO2 nanoparticle gaps

• with a size of 300 nm to be doped into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to prepare a PDMS/MCM-41 nanocomposite. The CTE of the nanocomposite decreased from the initial 301 ppm/°C of PDMS to 241 ppm/°C, when the content of silica in PDMS was increased to 20 wt %. To further reduce the CTE of the polymer

Abrupt elastic-to-plastic transition in pentagonal nanowires under bending

• Sergei Vlassov,
• Magnus Mets,
• Boris Polyakov,
• Jianjun Bian,
• Leonid Dorogin and
• Vahur Zadin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2468–2476, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.237

• electronics [10][11]. In the last case NWs are used as a conductive network in composition with flexible polymer materials such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) [12][13]. The reliability of flexible devices in high-strain conditions will be governed by the mechanical reliability of the individual NWs inside the

Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond for nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging applications

• Alberto Boretti,
• Lorenzo Rosa,
• Jonathan Blackledge and
• Stefania Castelletto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2128–2151, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.207

• network parameter comparisons. This physiological study motivated the culture of neuronal networks onto a specific glass coverslip with embedded gold microwave resonator for ODMR sensing coated with polydimethylsiloxane using the same culturing procedure as for the physiological study. The ND suspension

Angle-dependent structural colors in a nanoscale-grating photonic crystal fabricated by reverse nanoimprint technology

• Xu Zheng,
• Qing Wang,
• Jinjin Luan,
• Yao Li,
• Ning Wang and
• Rui Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1211–1216, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.120

• for applications of visual sensors. Experimental A polycarbonate (PC) master mould with period of 750 nm and height of 170 nm was fabricated through NIL. The polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and cross-linker were obtained from Sylgard 184 (Dow Corning, USA). The photonic crystal film with grating patterns

Green fabrication of lanthanide-doped hydroxide-based phosphors: Y(OH)₃:Eu³⁺ nanoparticles for white light generation

• Tugrul Guner,
• Anilcan Kus,
• Mehmet Ozcan,
• Aziz Genc,
• Hasan Sahin and
• Mustafa M. Demir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1200–1210, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.119

• garnet (YAG:Ce3+, HB-4155H, Zhuhai HanboTrading Co., Ltd., Guangdong, China) was used as a yellow phosphor and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) (SYLGARD 184 Kit, Dow Corning, Midland, MI, USA) was used as the polymer matrix. The crystallographic properties of the crystals were characterized by X-ray