Supramolecular hydration structure of graphene-based hydrogels: density functional theory, green chemistry and interface application

• Hon Nhien Le,
• Duy Khanh Nguyen,
• Minh Triet Dang,
• Huyen Trinh Nguyen,
• Thi Bang Tam Dao,
• Trung Do Nguyen,
• Chi Nhan Ha Thuc and
• Van Hieu Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 806–822, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.61

• nanoparticles. Regarding the antibacterial mechanism of the nanocomposite coating, direct contact of bacterial cells with sharp nanostructures of the coating is the cause of membrane damage and cell inactivation. Zn2+ cations released from ZH nanoparticles and reactive oxygen species generated by ZH

Efficiency of single-pulse laser fragmentation of organic nutraceutical dispersions in a circular jet flow-through reactor

• Tina Friedenauer,
• Maximilian Spellauge,
• Alexander Sommereyns,
• Verena Labenski,
• Tuba Esatbeyoglu,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Heinz P. Huber and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 711–727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.55

• required, especially when processing sensitive nutraceuticals intended for the use as food additives or medical applications. This is complemented by evaluations of the biocompatibility and antioxidant features (i.e., suppression of reactive oxygen species (ROS)) of laser-processed curcumin. Results and

Colloidal few layered graphene–tannic acid preserves the biocompatibility of periodontal ligament cells

• Teissir Ben Ammar,
• Naji Kharouf,
• Dominique Vautier,
• Housseinou Ba,
• Nivedita Sudheer,
• Philippe Lavalle and
• Vincent Ball

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.51

• synthesized through a straightforward, bio-based methodology. Physicochemical characterizations elucidated the structural and morphological attributes of the biocomposite. By incorporating antioxidant TA molecules onto the FLG surface, the biocomposite dynamically mitigated reactive oxygen species

• , particularly antioxidant effects [16][17][18]. Bioactive antioxidants reduce oxidative stress by inhibiting unstable oxygen radicals [17]. Oxidative stress occurs when reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage cellular components because of an imbalance in the normal redox state of cells [17][19]. ROS, which

• ). Oxidative stress Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were evaluated using CellROXgreen (Molecular Probes Inc., Eugene, OR). PDL cells at a density of 1 × 105 cells/mL were cultured on glass coverslips (CML, France). PDL cells were then treated with various concentrations of FLG–TA or left untreated for 24

A formulation containing Cymbopogon flexuosus essential oil: improvement of biochemical parameters and oxidative stress in diabetic rats

• Ailton Santos Sena-Júnior,
• Cleverton Nascimento Santana Andrade,
• Pedro Henrique Macedo Moura,
• Jocsã Hémany Cândido dos Santos,
• Cauãn Torres Trancoso,
• Eloia Emanuelly Dias Silva,
• Deise Maria Rego Rodrigues Silva,
• Ênio Pereira Telles,
• Luiz André Santos Silva,
• Isabella Lima Dantas Teles,
• Sara Fernanda Mota de Almeida,
• Daniel Alves de Souza,
• Jileno Ferreira Santos,
• Felipe José Aidar Martins,
• Ana Mara de Oliveira e Silva,
• Sandra Lauton-Santos,
• Guilherme Rodolfo Souza de Araujo,
• Cristiane Bani Correa,
• Rogéria De Souza Nunes,
• Lysandro Pinto Borges and
• Ana Amélia Moreira Lira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 617–636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.48

• ) is a highly prevalent public health problem characterized by hyperglycemia that causes complications due to the generation of reactive oxygen species and oxidative damage. Studies have shown that essential oils containing citral, such as lemongrass, have various biological activities, including

• hyperglycemia is known to induce oxidative damage in renal tissues via the formation of advanced glycation end products and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. By mitigating hyperglycemia, as evidenced by reductions in fasting glucose, both EOCF and M7-EOCF may indirectly reduce renal stress

Polyurethane/silk fibroin-based electrospun membranes for wound healing and skin substitute applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Ahsan Nazir and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 591–612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.46

• and differentiation to repair damaged neural tissue [171]. They are also widely used for cancer treatments such as photothermal and photodynamic therapy, where light activation creates heat or reactive oxygen species to severely damage and kill cancer cells while reducing the harm done to healthy

Nanomaterials in targeting amyloid-β oligomers: current advances and future directions for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and therapy

• Shiwani Randhawa,
• Trilok Chand Saini,
• Manik Bathla,
• Rahul Bhardwaj,
• Rubina Dhiman and
• Amitabha Acharya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 561–580, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.44

• in the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species, contributing to oxidative stress within the cell [16]. The increase in cytosolic Ca2+ also promotes the phosphorylation of ATP proteins, which, in turn, leads to the enhanced production of Aβ42 and AβOs, creating a

Graphene oxide–chloroquine conjugate induces DNA damage in A549 lung cancer cells through autophagy modulation

• Braham Dutt Arya,
• Sandeep Mittal,
• Prachi Joshi,
• Alok Kumar Pandey,
• Jaime E. Ramirez-Vick,
• Govind Gupta and
• Surinder P. Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 316–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.24

• treatment modality in multidrug resistant tumors [23][24]. Recently, it has also been found that chloroquine- (Chl, autophagy inhibitor) conjugated GO induces necroptotic cell death in A549 cells through accumulation of p62 mediated by altered autophagic flux, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, and

Fabrication and evaluation of BerNPs regarding the growth and development of Streptococcus mutans

• Tuyen Huu Nguyen,
• Hong Thanh Pham,
• Kieu Kim Thanh Nguyen,
• Loan Hong Ngo,
• Anh Ngoc Tuan Mai,
• Thu Hoang Anh Lam,
• Ngan Thi Kim Phan,
• Dung Tien Pham,
• Duong Thuy Hoang,
• Thuc Dong Nguyen and
• Lien Thi Xuan Truong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 308–315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.23

• substances, resulting in color fading and the emergence of graphene-based filaments. Du et al. showed that berberine affects Streptococcus pyogenes by regulating proteins in the KEGG pathway, leading to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) hindering the biosynthesis of DNA, proteins, and lipids

Emerging strategies in the sustainable removal of antibiotics using semiconductor-based photocatalysts

• Yunus Ahmed,
• Keya Rani Dutta,
• Parul Akhtar,
• Md. Arif Hossen,
• Md. Jahangir Alam,
• Obaid A. Alharbi,
• Hamad AlMohamadi and
• Abdul Wahab Mohammad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 264–285, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.21

• effectively and precisely break down and neutralize antibiotic compounds with high efficiency and selectivity by utilizing a complex interaction between radical reactive oxygen species and non-radical equivalents under light irradiation. Although photocatalysts have certain drawbacks, such as a limited

Radiosensitizing properties of dual-functionalized carbon nanostructures loaded with temozolomide

• Radmila Milenkovska,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Petre Makreski,
• Dushko Lukarski,
• Igor Stojkovski,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska and
• Kristina Mladenovska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 229–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.18

• apoptosis via activation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-, caspase-, and mitochondrion-dependent pathways, such as p53-mPTP [13][17][18], and reduce the expression of voltage-dependent ion channel genes and extracellular receptors in glioma cells, damaging the cell membrane and changing its potential [19

Nanocarriers and macrophage interaction: from a potential hurdle to an alternative therapeutic strategy

• Naths Grazia Sukubo,
• Paolo Bigini and
• Annalisa Morelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 97–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.10

• following degradation in lysosomes using hydrolytic enzymes and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, macrophages present antigen fragments through major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, activating adaptive immune responses [16]. 2.2 Macrophage polarization Macrophages are involved in

Characterization of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GP258

• Prashantkumar Siddappa Chakra,
• Aishwarya Banakar,
• Shriram Narayan Puranik,
• Vishwas Kaveeshwar,
• C. R. Ravikumar and
• Devaraja Gayathri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 78–89, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.8

• . ZnO NPs are known to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), including hydroxyl radicals and superoxide ions, upon interaction with bacterial cells. These ROS disrupt bacterial cell membranes, cause oxidative stress, and damage cellular components, ultimately leading to cell death. Additionally, ZnO

Biomimetic nanocarriers: integrating natural functions for advanced therapeutic applications

• Hugo Felix Perini,
• Beatriz Sodré Matos,
• Carlo José Freire de Oliveira and
• Marcos Vinicius da Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1619–1626, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.127

• bioavailability and drug delivery. Additionally, the capacity of these nanocarriers to react with reactive oxygen species at inflammation sites offers an anti-inflammatory response, reducing tissue damage [76][77]. Within this scope, manganese dioxide nanocarriers have been studied to address a challenge in

Nanotechnological approaches for efficient N2B delivery: from small-molecule drugs to biopharmaceuticals

• Selin Akpinar Adscheid,
• Akif E. Türeli,
• Nazende Günday-Türeli and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1400–1414, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.113

• modification with PEG and RVG29 improved the intranasal delivery of the NPs [163]. Li et al. also worked on RVG29 and developed core–shell lesion-recognizing NPs consisting of RVG29 peptide-modified mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes as the shell and a reactive oxygen species-responsive polymer loaded with

Mn-doped ZnO nanopowders prepared by sol–gel and microwave-assisted sol–gel methods and their photocatalytic properties

• Cristina Maria Vlăduț,
• Crina Anastasescu,
• Silviu Preda,
• Oana Catalina Mocioiu,
• Simona Petrescu,
• Jeanina Pandele-Cusu,
• Dana Culita,
• Veronica Bratan,
• Ioan Balint and
• Maria Zaharescu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1283–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.104

• their newly proved functionality, namely, the ability to photogenerate distinct reactive oxygen species (·OH or O2−) and to act as photoactive materials in aqueous media. The solar light-induced mineralization of oxalic acid by Mn-doped ZnO materials was clearly observed while similar amounts of

• use in photocatalysis processes (i.e., degradation of oxalic acid). In addition, the measured excitonic PL indicates the need for deeper investigation on the ability of the investigated materials to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) under light irradiation. The photoluminescence signal of the

• indicate a small difference of catalyst activity in the reaction medium (exposure to solar irradiation and presence of oxalic acid/degradative products), indicating structural differences that are worthy to be deeply investigated in a future dedicated study. Generation of reactive oxygen species ROS are

AI-assisted models to predict chemotherapy drugs modified with C₆₀ fullerene derivatives

• Jonathan-Siu-Loong Robles-Hernández,
• Dora Iliana Medina,
• Katerin Aguirre-Hurtado,
• Marlene Bosquez,
• Roberto Salcedo and
• Alan Miralrio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1170–1188, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.95

• C60 [21]. The unmodified fullerene C60 is known as a “free radical sponge” because its double bonds tend to accept free radicals [22]. Because of its size, surface area, and capacity to extinguish or generate reactive oxygen species, C60 is very promising in medicine and clinical therapy [23][24]. It

Introducing third-generation periodic table descriptors for nano-qRASTR modeling of zebrafish toxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles

• Supratik Kar and
• Siyun Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1142–1152, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.93

• alternative, more detrimental cellular uptake pathways or provoke harmful responses by accumulating on cell surfaces. Such MONPs might also elevate oxidative stress by triggering the production of reactive oxygen species, which damage cellular components. They can obstruct vital biological processes and

Interface properties of nanostructured carbon-coated biological implants: an overview

• Mattia Bartoli,
• Francesca Cardano,
• Erik Piatti,
• Stefania Lettieri,
• Andrea Fin and
• Alberto Tagliaferro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1041–1053, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.85

• onto the surface, forming a matrix composed by platelets and coagulation cascade components. This process triggers the inflammatory response of neutrophils, which attempt to degrade the implant through phagocytosis and the release of reactive oxygen species. Macrophages play a key role changing from

Laser synthesis of nanoparticles in organic solvents – products, reactions, and perspectives

• Theo Fromme,
• Sven Reichenberger,
• Katharine M. Tibbetts and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 638–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.54

• oxygen species (ROS), for example, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals, or dissolved oxygen, react with the particles leading to their surface oxidation. During irradiation of water with intense laser pulses, a weakly ionized plasma forms because of optical breakdown, supercontinuum emission, or both

• synthesis of HCN [79]. The oxidation and phase change of the target surface during LAL was initially published by Ogale et al. [80] in 1987, and nanoparticle oxidation has been addressed in the literature frequently afterwards [53][54][68][69][70]. During the plasma and cavitation bubble phase, reactive

Cholesterol nanoarchaeosomes for alendronate targeted delivery as an anti-endothelial dysfunction agent

• Horacio Emanuel Jerez,
• Yamila Roxana Simioni,
• Kajal Ghosal,
• Maria Jose Morilla and
• Eder Lilia Romero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 517–534, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.46

• IL-8 levels in either compartment (Figure 9). nanoARC-Chol(ALN) caused a slight decrease in reactive oxygen species (ROSs) in macrophages (Figure 10A). Pronounced inflammation model The previous crosstalk induced mild levels of IL-6 and IL-8 on the apical side with HUVECs (Supporting Information File

Classification and application of metal-based nanoantioxidants in medicine and healthcare

• Nguyen Nhat Nam,
• Nguyen Khoi Song Tran,
• Tan Tai Nguyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Trai,
• Nguyen Phuong Thuy,
• Hoang Dang Khoa Do,
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran and
• Kieu The Loan Trinh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 396–415, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.36

• ; oxidative stress; Introduction Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in proper cellular functions and adaptation. However, an excess of free ROS in biological systems can lead to oxidative stress-related diseases such as inflammatory disorders, neurological diseases, aging-related diseases

Exploring the relationships between physiochemical properties of nanoparticles and cell damage to combat cancer growth using simple periodic table-based descriptors

• Joyita Roy and
• Kunal Roy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 297–309, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.27

• process, leading to the production of more reactive oxygen species (ROS) and causing more cell damage. CoO NPs show that a high ∑χ/nO value (1.88) leads to less cell damage (−4.38), whereas a low value (∑χ/nO = 0.77) leads to more cell damage (−2.50) as observed for TiO2 NPs. The production of ROS can

Curcumin-loaded nanostructured systems for treatment of leishmaniasis: a review

• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar,
• Edijane Matos Sales and
• Fábio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 37–50, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.4

• leishmaniasis. Additionally, this molecule produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) and elevates cytosolic calcium. These occur in the exposure of phosphatidylserine to the outer plasma membrane leaflet and DNA fragmentation, causing the death of the leishmaniasis parasite [47][52]. Despite its promising

• [116][117]. Current studies have directed the use of metallic nanoparticles such as silver and gold nanoparticles against Leishmania sp. [118]. As silver and gold nanoparticles can produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Leishmania is known to be extremely sensitive to these compounds, these have

Prediction of cytotoxicity of heavy metals adsorbed on nano-TiO₂ with periodic table descriptors using machine learning approaches

• Joyita Roy,
• Souvik Pore and
• Kunal Roy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 939–950, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.77

• toxicity through an ionic mechanism followed by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Another, biomarker for ROS is lipid peroxidation [38] as free radicals cause lipid peroxidation inside the cell membrane. The catalytic properties of the metals are also responsible for an increased toxicity of

Green SPIONs as a novel highly selective treatment for leishmaniasis: an in vitro study against Leishmania amazonensis intracellular amastigotes

• Brunno R. F. Verçoza,
• Robson R. Bernardo,
• Luiz Augusto S. de Oliveira and
• Juliany C. F. Rodrigues

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 893–903, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.73

• the parasites. However, further studies need to be carried out to confirm this hypothesis. In Leishmania, it is well known that available iron has an important influence on the homeostasis of reactive oxygen species [30]. Studies have already shown that iron excess in the diet of mice causes a