Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review

• Anastasiya Sergievskaya,
• Adrien Chauvin and
• Stephanos Konstantinidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2

The role of deep eutectic solvents and carrageenan in synthesizing biocompatible anisotropic metal nanoparticles

• Nabojit Das,
• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 924–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.69

• International Licence, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. (A) A κ-carrageenan-stabilized hydroxyapatite rod-shaped nanocomposite. (B) Antibacterial study using E. coli, S. aureus, B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa showing the bactericidal properties of the nanocomposite. (C) The nanocomposite shows

Silver nanoparticles nucleated in NaOH-treated halloysite: a potential antimicrobial material

• Yuri B. Matos,
• Rodrigo S. Romanus,
• Mattheus Torquato,
• Edgar H. de Souza,
• Rodrigo L. Villanova,
• Marlene Soares and
• Emilson R. Viana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 798–807, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.63

• analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The antimicrobial properties of the Ag-NPs were investigated against E. coli and S. aureus. The potential of the Ag-NPs for industrial application was tested by dispersing them into low-density polyethylene. The importance of the chemical affinity between

• 25922) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213). This was achieved by inoculating the bacteria in selective culture media (rapid coliform broth agar for E. coli and salted manitol agar for S. aureus), followed by 24 h of incubation at 37 °C. After incubation, five colonies of each bacterial species were

• , antimicrobial surface activity tests were performed for LDPE samples doped with Ag/HNT-8 and Ag/HNT-8/DIO. The tests were performed following the guidelines specified in the JIS Z2801 standard, and consist of preparing E. coli and S. aureus suspensions (analogous to the ones produced in the MIC analysis) and

Recent progress in actuation technologies of micro/nanorobots

• Ke Xu and
• Bing Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 756–765, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.59

• /nanorobots, for example, the flagella or cilia of swimming microorganisms. Behkam and Sitti [45] suspended droplets of bacteria, such as E. coli, and polystyrene in a solution of water and glucose. After absorbing the glucose nutrient, the rotating flagella of the bacteria pushed the droplets forward, and

A review on nanostructured silver as a basic ingredient in medicine: physicochemical parameters and characterization

• Gabriel M. Misirli,
• Kishore Sridharan and
• Shirley M. P. Abrantes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 440–461, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.36

• activity against E. coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus of spherical AgNPs of various sizes and concluded that their effectiveness increased with decreasing size, regardless of the bacterial strains [43]. On the other hand, studies indicate that the reactivity and antibacterial activity of

Imaging of SARS-CoV-2 infected Vero E6 cells by helium ion microscopy

• Natalie Frese,
• Patrick Schmerer,
• Martin Wortmann,
• Matthias Schürmann,
• Matthias König,
• Michael Westphal,
• Friedemann Weber,
• Holger Sudhoff and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 172–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.13

• field of cell biology for imaging various human and animal cells. These include cartilage [2], cancer [3], liver [4], kidney [5] and stem cells [6], as well as fibrin fibers [7]. To visualize viruses and their host organisms, HIM has so far been applied to image T4 phage-infected E. coli bacteria [8

A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures

• Sina Kaabipour and
• Shohreh Hemmati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 102–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.9

• including Escherichia coli (E. coli) and K. Pneumonia when the cell culture supernatant is used [268]. However, the main downside of bacteriogenic synthesis is the slow synthesis rate and large size distribution compared to other green methods [104][259]. The applications of bacteria-synthesized AgNPs can

Bio-imaging with the helium-ion microscope: A review

• Matthias Schmidt,
• James M. Byrne and
• Ilari J. Maasilta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1–23, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.1

• nanopillar texture on the wing of a dragonfly Orthetrum villosovittatum was studied. In addition to imaging the wing alone, samples were prepared with E. coli bacteria on them, to study the bactericidal properties of the nanostructure. Along similar lines, the nanostructures on the wings of three different

• fabrication (lamellae preparation and conductive coatings) have hindered the studies of phage–bacterium interactions in their natural microbial environments. HIM imaging of phages and phage–bacterium interactions were performed for the first time in 2017 in [17] for bacterial colonies of E. coli on an agar

• prey cell is transformed into a bdelloplast, in which the predator elongates and divides. In a final step, the bdelloplast lyses and the Bdellovibrio offspring is released and ready to attack another cell. A HIM micrograph of the attachment of a Bdellovibrio to E. coli is shown in Figure 9. Again, it

Antimicrobial metal-based nanoparticles: a review on their synthesis, types and antimicrobial action

• Matías Guerrero Correa,
• Fernanda B. Martínez,
• Cristian Patiño Vidal,
• Camilo Streitt,
• Juan Escrig and
• Carol Lopez de Dicastillo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1450–1469, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.129

• bacteria (inhibition zone diameter of E. coli: 22 ± 0.86 mm) and Gram-positive bacteria (inhibition zone diameter of B. subtilis: 23 ± 0.9 mm) [88]. Bio-reduction of silver nitrate with Parkia speciosa leaf extract generated spherical Ag NPs with an average particle size of 31 nm [89]. A major

• antibacterial activity against S. aureus was followed by B. subtilis, E. coli and P. aeruginosa. By using latex extracted from an immature Papaya carica fruit and silver nitrate, spherical and highly stable Ag NPs were also obtained. The reduction in Gram-positive bacteria, such as E. faecalis and B. subtilis

• , was lower than the reduction in Gram-negative bacteria, such as V. cholerae, P. mirabilis, E. coli, and K. pneumonia. ZnO NPs are of great interest because their synthesis is economical, safe and easy [72]. Vijayakumar et al. (2018) investigated the antimicrobial and antifungal effect of spherical ZnO

Photothermally active nanoparticles as a promising tool for eliminating bacteria and biofilms

• Mykola Borzenkov,
• Piersandro Pallavicini,
• Angelo Taglietti,
• Laura D’Alfonso,
• Maddalena Collini and
• Giuseppe Chirico

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1134–1146, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.98

• tested [53]. It was shown that gold-nanoshell-modified surfaces can effectively kill E. faecalis on silicone surfaces under NIR irradiation. Several bacterial strains (E. coli, Bacillus subtilis, Exiguobacterium sp. AT1b), deposited on surfaces precoated with nanoporous gold disks, were inactivated after

• 80 °C, sufficient for the photothermal ablation of both Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis and S. aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli and P. aeruginosa). Polymeric nanocomposites containing photothermally active gold nanoparticles for bacteria and biofilm ablation Despite the increasing number

• . The local photothermal effect triggered by the NIR irradiation of PVA-GNS films was highly efficient in eliminating E. coli bacteria, as shown in Figure 4. In a very recent study, the antimicrobial activity of a chitosan-based hydrogel with embedded gold nanorods under low-power (200 mW) diode laser

Gram-scale synthesis of splat-shaped Ag–TiO₂ nanocomposites for enhanced antimicrobial properties

• Mohammad Jaber,
• Asim Mushtaq,
• Kebiao Zhang,
• Jindan Wu,
• Dandan Luo,
• Zihan Yi,
• M. Zubair Iqbal and
• Xiangdong Kong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1119–1125, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.96

• –TiO2 NCs was tested against the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacterial strains. The Ag–TiO2 NCs exhibited promising and superior antibacterial properties compared to TiO2 nanospheres as confirmed by the bacterial growth and inhibition zone

• activity of the as-prepared nanocomposites was investigated against Gram-positive S. aureus and Gram-negative E. coli. Experimental Synthesis of the Ag–TiO2 nanocomposite A hydrothermal method was used to prepare the Ag–TiO2 nanocomposite on a gram-scale. 1.25 mol/L of a 16.0 mL titanium sulfate solution

• Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (ATCC 6538) and Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) (ATCC 8099) were obtained from the Shanghai Amoy Strain Biotechnology Co. (Shanghai, China). The disc diffusion method was applied to check the antibacterial activity of the prepared pure TiO2 NPs

Silver-decorated gel-shell nanobeads: physicochemical characterization and evaluation of antibacterial properties

• Marta Bartel,
• Katarzyna Markowska,
• Marcin Strawski,
• Krystyna Wolska and
• Maciej Mazur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 620–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.49

• number of studies has been devoted to non-supported silver nanoparticles and their antimicrobial properties. For example, Martínez-Castañón and co-workers showed that spherical silver nanoparticles of 7 nm in size inhibit the growth of E. coli and S. aureus in concentrations of 6.25 and 7.5 μg/mL

• , respectively [25]. In another study, citrate-stabilized nanoparticles (average diameter of 9 nm) inhibited the growth of E. coli and S. aureus at 10 and 5 μg/mL, respectively [26]. We report herein on the synthesis of nanocomposites with antibacterial properties. The polystyrene nanobeads were modified with

• silver nanoparticles. Radzig and co-workers observed that Ag nanoparticles of 8.3 ± 1.9 nm in size hamper the biofilm formation of E. coli and P. aeruginosa. The reduction of bacterial biomass in the biofilm was visible when the concentration was higher than 5 μg/mL for E. coli and 10 μg/mL for P

Correction: Photocatalytic antibacterial performance of TiO₂ and Ag-doped TiO₂ against S. aureus. P. aeruginosa and E. coli

• Kiran Gupta,
• R. P. Singh,
• Ashutosh Pandey and
• Anjana Pandey

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 547–549, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.43

Luminescent gold nanoclusters for bioimaging applications

• Nonappa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 533–546, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.42

• systematic study used several other pathogenic bacteria, including Streptococcus pyogenes, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis (VRE), E. Coli J96, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, pandrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Enterobacter cloacae in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at pH 6 (Figure 2A

• rigidify the surface resulting in a 28-fold increase in the PL of Au-MTU/Prot NCs compared to that of Au-MTU NCs. The resulting Au-MTU/Prot NCs displayed antibacterial properties with abilities to kill both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which was shown using E. coli and SA strains. The addition

Preparation and in vivo evaluation of glyco-gold nanoparticles carrying synthetic mycobacterial hexaarabinofuranoside

• Gennady L. Burygin,
• Polina I. Abronina,
• Nikita M. Podvalnyy,
• Sergey A. Staroverov,
• Leonid O. Kononov and
• Lev A. Dykman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 480–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.39

• glyco-GNPs. Both antisera contained high titers of antibodies specific for Mycobacteria as shown by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using M. bovis and M. smegmatis cells as antigens while there was only a weak response to M. phlei cells and no interaction with E. coli cells. The results obtained

• detected M. phlei cells significantly weaker than M. bovis and M. smegmatis cells. Importantly, none of the antisera interacted with E. coli cells. Control experiments showed that the observed specificity of the antisera against Ara6-GNPs 3 and 4 is due to the presence of the Ara6-epitope in Ara6-GNPs 3

• antiserum against LPS of Azospirillum brasilense Sp7, generated in the presence of CFA [99], with M. bovis, M. phlei, M. smegmatis and E. coli cell suspensions could be detected (Figure 6). Discussion The biosynthesis of antibodies in mammals is induced by immunogenic substances. These compounds are

Facile biogenic fabrication of hydroxyapatite nanorods using cuttlefish bone and their bactericidal and biocompatibility study

• Satheeshkumar Balu,
• Manisha Vidyavathy Sundaradoss,
• Swetha Andra and
• Jaison Jeevanandam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 285–295, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.21

• the TGA data revealed the thermal stability of Hap NRs. In addition, the antibacterial study showed a significant inhibitory effect of CB-Hap NRs against S. aureus (zone of inhibition – 14.5 ± 0.5 mm) and E. coli (13 ± 0.5 mm), whereas the blood compatibility test showed that the CB-Hap NRs exhibited

• can be noted from the literature that nanometer-sized Hap can effectively inhibit antibacterial activity but only when doped or cationic-substituted [55][56]. In contrast, the CB-derived Hap nanorods in the present study show optimum bactericidal effect on E. coli and S. aureus due to the size (>50 nm

• ) and morphology of the material. However, no such activity was observed for CB alone. The obtained results are displayed in Figure 6 and the zone of inhibition in Table 1 shows a better bactericidal effect of Hap NRs towards S. aureus as compared with E. coli. This is due to the variations in cell

Molecular architectonics of DNA for functional nanoarchitectures

• Debasis Ghosh,
• Lakshmi P. Datta and
• Thimmaiah Govindaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 124–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.11

• . The dipicolinamide-guided transfection with plasmid DNA was found to stimulate the growth of E. coli, which confirmed the good transfection efficiency of the small-molecule (dipicolinamide) vector. Izawa and co-workers reported the use of anthracene derivatives to drive the self-assembly of ssDNA into

Advanced hybrid nanomaterials

• Andreas Taubert,
• Fabrice Leroux,
• Pierre Rabu and
• Verónica de Zea Bermudez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2563–2567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.247

• material exhibiting both micro- and mesopores [37]. The material is efficient in adsorbing water micropollutants, as well as the pathogen E. coli., lending itself for application in water remediation. For the same application, a silica matrix, onto which the conjugated β-ketoenol–pyridine–furan ligand is

Novel hollow titanium dioxide nanospheres with antimicrobial activity against resistant bacteria

• Carol López de Dicastillo,
• Cristian Patiño,
• María José Galotto,
• Yesseny Vásquez-Martínez,
• Claudia Torrent,
• Daniela Alburquenque,
• Alejandro Pereira and
• Juan Escrig

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1716–1725, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.167

• bacteria, including resistant E. coli and S. aureus strains, and when compared to commercial TiO2 nanoparticles, CSTiO2 nanospheres exhibited superior performance. In addition, the positive effect of UV irradiation on the antimicrobial activity was demonstrated. Keywords: antimicrobial nanoparticles

• 622-4) and Escherichia coli (control strain ATCC®25922TM and resistant strain E. coli 33.1). When the analysis was done using control strains, the results in Table 1 indicate that CSTiO2 presented an improved antibacterial activity against S. aureus and a similar activity against E. coli in comparison

• with commercial TiO2 NPs. Nevertheless, when assays were carried out with resistant bacteria, only CSTiO2 presented promising antibacterial activity against E. coli MRSA 33.1. This low performance could be due to the increased multidrug resistance evidenced by some bacteria due to different mechanisms

New micro/mesoporous nanocomposite material from low-cost sources for the efficient removal of aromatic and pathogenic pollutants from water

• Emmanuel I. Unuabonah,
• Robert Nöske,
• Jens Weber,
• Christina Günter and
• Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 119–131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.11

• matter. The new composite is stable up to 900 °C and is an efficient adsorbent for the removal of a water micropollutant, 4-nitrophenol, and a pathogen, E. coli, from an aqueous medium, suggesting applications in water remediation are feasible. Keywords: 4-nitrophenol; Carica papaya seeds; clay; E. coli

• problem is expected to persist in the coming decades if not quickly addressed [6]. For example, the Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7 strain causes diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, and hemolytic uremic syndrome [7] with serious consequences for the infected individuals. Unfortunately, many pathogens have

• water was used for the removal experiments. Freshly purchased Eva® water does not contain E. coli and was therefore used as the reference. E. coli ATCC 25922 cultures were grown in nutrient broth at 37 °C for 24 h to yield a cell count of approximately 109 cfu/mL. The tip of a sterile inoculation loop

Noble metal-modified titania with visible-light activity for the decomposition of microorganisms

• Maya Endo,
• Zhishun Wei,
• Kunlei Wang,
• Baris Karabiyik,
• Kenta Yoshiiri,
• Paulina Rokicka,
• Bunsho Ohtani,
• Agata Markowska-Szczupak and
• Ewa Kowalska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 829–841, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.77

• oxidized (shell) forms, whereas gold was mainly zero valent. The obtained noble metal-modified samples were examined with regard to antibacterial (Escherichia coli (E. coli)) and antifungal (Aspergillus niger (A. niger), Aspergillus melleus (A. melleus), Penicillium chrysogenum (P. chrysogenum), Candida

• particles; OAP) have shown high activity in both the decomposition of organic compounds and of microorganisms (E. coli and C. albicans) [48]. It has been found that both the intrinsic properties of silver and the photocatalytic activity of silver-modified titania are responsible for the high antibacterial

• (500 rpm). The obtained noble metal-modified TiO2 samples were centrifuged, washed twice with methanol and twice with Milli-Q water and dried at 378 K. Antibacterial activity test 50 mg of the sample was dispersed in 7.0 mL of E. coli K12 (ATCC29425) suspension at a concentration of ca. 0.180 Abs at

BN/Ag hybrid nanomaterials with petal-like surfaces as catalysts and antibacterial agents

• Konstantin L. Firestein,
• Denis V. Leybo,
• Alexander E. Steinman,
• Andrey M. Kovalskii,
• Andrei T. Matveev,
• Anton M. Manakhov,
• Irina V. Sukhorukova,
• Pavel V. Slukin,
• Nadezda K. Fursova,
• Sergey G. Ignatov,
• Dmitri V. Golberg and
• Dmitry V. Shtansky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 250–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.27

• samples was 11 mm. The pristine BN sample did not show any noticeable effect on the inhibition of E. coli colony growth (Figure 9a). In contrast, Ag ions leaching out of the samples demonstrated a significant inhibition effect on the growth of E. coli K-261 bacteria around BN/Ag HNMs (Figure 9b and 9c

• associated with the appearance of bacterial cell resistivity to low Ag+ ion concentration. Then, the antibacterial activity of the BN/Ag HNMs was evaluated against planktonic E. coli bacteria. After incubation for 3 h, the number of CFUs in the presence of both types of BN/Ag HNMs decreased to zero (Figure

• control sample, there is no biofilm formation on the surface of CVD and UV BN/Ag HNMs (Figure 9e). Thus, our data demonstrate that both types of BN/Ag HNMs possess a strong antibacterial effect against E. coli bacteria and inhibit the early stage of biofilm formation. Despite a broad spectrum of

Evaluating the toxicity of TiO₂-based nanoparticles to Chinese hamster ovary cells and Escherichia coli: a complementary experimental and computational approach

• Alicja Mikolajczyk,
• Natalia Sizochenko,
• Ewa Mulkiewicz,
• Anna Malankowska,
• Michal Nischk,
• Przemyslaw Jurczak,
• Seishiro Hirano,
• Grzegorz Nowaczyk,
• Adriana Zaleska-Medynska,
• Jerzy Leszczynski,
• Agnieszka Gajewicz and
• Tomasz Puzyn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2171–2180, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.216

• (Fe/N-co-doped) TiO2 nanocomposite particles were detectably cytotoxic [22]. More complex nanostructures of TiO2 bilayer nanosheets doped with bismuth tungstate (Bi2WO6) nanoclusters demonstrated enhanced antimicrobial activity towards E. coli: the bacteria population continuously decreased with the

• main physicochemical parameters that may govern toxic effects of the TiO2-based mono- and bimetallic nanoparticles to mammalian Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells and to bacteria E. coli. The findings from this research study have clearly demonstrated that the cytotoxic effect of monometallic Au-TiO2

Bi-layer sandwich film for antibacterial catheters

• Gerhard Franz,
• Florian Schamberger,
• Hamideh Heidari Zare,
• Sara Felicitas Bröskamp and
• Dieter Jocham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1982–2001, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.199

• different thicknesses. The specimens were incubated in 1 mL of artificial urine for 24 h at 37 °C. After having removed the samples, 450 μL of the supernatant was transferred into a sterile 48-well plate and inoculated with 103 CFU/mL of E. coli or S. cohni. Bacterial growth was measured photometrically at

•  23, a comparison is carried out of dependence of the layer thickness along a capillary without and with temperature balance. Thin coatings as porous membranes During a parallel work, the minimum inhibitory concentration of Ag+ ions against the bacterium E. coli, which is responsible for approximately

Metal oxide nanostructures: preparation, characterization and functional applications as chemical sensors

• Dario Zappa,
• Angela Bertuna,
• Elisabetta Comini,
• Navpreet Kaur,
• Nicola Poli,
• Veronica Sberveglieri and
• Giorgio Sberveglieri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1205–1217, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.122

• microorganisms are always used as an indicator of the water quality. In particular, E. coli normally appears at concentrations of 100 to 2 × 104 CFU/100 mL [49]. In this study, we analysed contaminated water samples in the first 24 h after sampling. For each contaminated and uncontaminated sample, 40 analyses