Role of oxygen in wetting of copper nanoparticles on silicon surfaces at elevated temperature

• Tapas Ghosh and
• Biswarup Satpati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 425–433, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.45

• galvanic displacement reaction proceeds easily. This dissolution of Si in water from the surface as SiF62− increases the Si surface roughness during the deposition. In several studies, copper oxide on different substrates have been grown by the direct thermal oxidation of Cu. Pure copper oxide has been

• easily formed by thermal annealing on indium tin oxide (ITO) or glass [3]; but copper oxidation on a silicon surface may lead to copper silicidation [28]. Papadimitropoulos et al. have observed the formation of copper silicide at low annealing temperatures, and when the temperature is high, pure copper

• oxide is formed as the oxidation rate overcomes the silicidation [28]. The thermal oxidation produces both the Cu(I) and Cu(II) oxide depending on the duration and temperature of the annealing process. In thermal annealing of copper, Cu(II) oxide is formed at a higher temperature than the Cu(I) oxide [3

Development of highly faceted reduced graphene oxide-coated copper oxide and copper nanoparticles on a copper foil surface

• Rebeca Ortega-Amaya,
• Yasuhiro Matsumoto,
• Andrés M. Espinoza-Rivas,
• Manuel A. Pérez-Guzmán and
• Mauricio Ortega-López

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1010–1017, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.93

• Nanotechnology Program. Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN. Av. IPN 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico 10.3762/bjnano.7.93 Abstract This work describes the formation of reduced graphene oxide-coated copper oxide and copper nanoparticles (rGO-Cu2ONPs, rGO-CuNPs) on the

• surface of a copper foil supporting graphene oxide (GO) at annealing temperatures of 200–1000 °C, under an Ar atmosphere. These hybrid nanostructures were developed from bare copper oxide nanoparticles which grew at an annealing temperature of 80 °C under nitrogen flux. The predominant phase as well as

• forming a native copper oxide layer (CuxO) and carbonaceous species as adsorbed impurities. The inset of Figure 1b shows a TEM image of nanoparticles grown at 80 °C. After being detached and analyzed by TEM, it was seen that well-crystallized Cu2O nanoparticles developed during the annealing at 80 °C

Unraveling the neurotoxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles: focusing on molecular mechanisms

• Bin Song,
• Yanli Zhang,
• Jia Liu,
• Xiaoli Feng,
• Ting Zhou and
• Longquan Shao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 645–654, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.57

• nanoparticles [69]. In addition, copper oxide NPs [70], silica NPs [71], zinc oxide NPs [72], and silver NPs [73] were shown to induce autophagy in in vitro studies. TiO2 NPs were also capable of inducing autophagy. Studies showed that TiO2 NPs could induce autophagy in normal lung cells [74] and in primary

Green and energy-efficient methods for the production of metallic nanoparticles

• Mitra Naghdi,
• Mehrdad Taheran,
• Satinder K. Brar,
• M. Verma,
• R. Y. Surampalli and
• J. R. Valero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2354–2376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.243

• surface of NPs which is responsible for the electrostatic repulsion and consequently stability at wide range of pH (2–10) and electrolyte concentration (up to 10−2 M of NaCl) [63]. Thekkae Padil and Cernik used gum karaya (GK) to produce copper oxide (CuO) NPs from CuCl2 at 75 °C for 60 min. According to

NanoE-Tox: New and in-depth database concerning ecotoxicity of nanomaterials

• Katre Juganson,
• Angela Ivask,
• Irina Blinova,
• Monika Mortimer and
• Anne Kahru

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1788–1804, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.183

• : carbon nanotubes (CNTs), fullerenes, silver (Ag), titanium dioxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), cerium dioxide (CeO2), copper oxide (CuO), and iron oxide (FeOx; Fe2O3, Fe3O4). Furthermore, all these ENMs, except CuO, are listed by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Working

• database NanoE-Tox that is available as Supporting Information File 2. The database is based on existing literature on ecotoxicology of eight ENMs with different chemical composition: carbon nanotubes (CNTs), fullerenes, silver (Ag), titanium dioxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), cerium dioxide (CeO2), copper

• oxide (CuO), and iron oxide (FeOx; Fe2O3, Fe3O4). Altogether, NanoE-Tox database consolidates data from 224 articles and lists altogether 1,518 toxicity values (EC50/LC50/NOEC) with corresponding test conditions and physico-chemical parameters of the ENMs as well as reported toxicity mechanisms and

The Kirkendall effect and nanoscience: hollow nanospheres and nanotubes

• Abdel-Aziz El Mel,
• Ryusuke Nakamura and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1348–1361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.139

• showing the high fidelity of copper oxide nanotubes prepared on nanograted silicon substrate by thermal oxidation of copper nanowires for 1 h at 300 °C. (c) SEM micrograph of copper oxide nanotubes disengaged from the nanograted substrate due to the cutting procedure applied to the specimen before

PVP-coated, negatively charged silver nanoparticles: A multi-center study of their physicochemical characteristics, cell culture and in vivo experiments

• Sebastian Ahlberg,
• Alexandra Antonopulos,
• Jörg Diendorf,
• Ralf Dringen,
• Matthias Epple,
• Rebekka Flöck,
• Wolfgang Goedecke,
• Christina Graf,
• Nadine Haberl,
• Jens Helmlinger,
• Fabian Herzog,
• Frederike Heuer,
• Stephanie Hirn,
• Christian Johannes,
• Stefanie Kittler,
• Manfred Köller,
• Katrin Korn,
• Wolfgang G. Kreyling,
• Fritz Krombach,
• Jürgen Lademann,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Eva M. Luther,
• Marcelina Malissek,
• Martina C. Meinke,
• Daniel Nordmeyer,
• Anne Pailliart,
• Jörg Raabe,
• Fiorenza Rancan,
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser,
• Eckart Rühl,
• Carsten Schleh,
• Andreas Seibel,
• Christina Sengstock,
• Lennart Treuel,
• Annika Vogt,
• Katrin Weber and
• Reinhard Zellner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1944–1965, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.205

• astrocytes against silver nanoparticle-induced toxicity is consistent with the reported tolerance of astrocytes against the potential toxicity of large amounts of accumulated iron oxide nanoparticles [107], whereas astrocytes are quite vulnerable to copper oxide nanoparticles [106]. Cultured astrocytes

Ionic liquid-assisted formation of cellulose/calcium phosphate hybrid materials

• Ahmed Salama,
• Mike Neumann,
• Christina Günter and
• Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1553–1568, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.167

• ] [48]. Cellulose-based hybrid materials with calcium carbonate [49], copper oxide [50], or calcium silicate [51] have been grown in [Bmim][Cl]. Finally, there is a report on the synthesis of cellulose/calcium phosphate composites using ILs [52]. The authors of this study, however, did not grow

Integration of ZnO and CuO nanowires into a thermoelectric module

• Dario Zappa,
• Simone Dalola,
• Guido Faglia,
• Elisabetta Comini,
• Matteo Ferroni,
• Caterina Soldano,
• Vittorio Ferrari and
• Giorgio Sberveglieri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 927–936, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.106

• , 25123, Brescia, Italy Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Informazione, University of Brescia, via Branze 38, 25123, Brescia, Italy Currently at ETCs.r.l., via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy 10.3762/bjnano.5.106 Abstract Zinc oxide (ZnO, n-type) and copper oxide (CuO, p-type) nanowires have been

• of further integration of metal oxide nanostructures into efficient thermoelectric devices. Keywords: copper oxide; nanowires; thermoelectric; zinc oxide; Introduction A thermoelectric generator (TEG) is a device capable of converting a temperature gradient into an electrical voltage difference

• (Table 1). Thermoelectric power factor (TPF) was estimated for both CuO and ZnO nanowires, based on sheet resistance Rs. The electrical conductivity was calculated as σ = 1/(Rs·h), where h is the thickness of each strip. We found values of σ of 2.0 S/m for copper oxide and 0.7 S/m for zinc oxide. While

Antimicrobial properties of CuO nanorods and multi-armed nanoparticles against B. anthracis vegetative cells and endospores

• Pratibha Pandey,
• Merwyn S. Packiyaraj,
• Himangini Nigam,
• Gauri S. Agarwal,
• Beer Singh and
• Manoj K. Patra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 789–800, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.91

• : Bacillus anthracis; bactericidal nanoparticles; copper oxide; nanoparticles; spore inactivation; Introduction B. anthracis, the etiological agent of anthrax is a gram-positive, rod shaped, spore forming bacterium with 1 to 8 µm length and 1 to 1.5 µm width [1]. Its very high lethality (LD50 is 2,500 to

• CuO nanoparticles. In short, copper oxide NPs are capable of deactivating B. anthracis spores in the presence of growth media but not in saline media. Also, though the presence of nanoparticles allows for the germination of spores, it did not allow vegetative cell outgrowth or cellular division. A

• micrographs of a) B. anthracis control cells at 5000× the arrows show occasional spores population present in the cell culture. b) B. anthracis control spores formed in G-media after seven days of incubation at 10000× magnification. Antibacterial activity of multi-armed copper oxide NPs (P5) against B

Catalytic activity of nanostructured Au: Scale effects versus bimetallic/bifunctional effects in low-temperature CO oxidation on nanoporous Au

• Lu-Cun Wang,
• Yi Zhong,
• Haijun Jin,
• Daniel Widmann,
• Jörg Weissmüller and
• R. Jürgen Behm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 111–128, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.13

• . According to the literature [59][60][61], the peak at ≈934.0 eV together with the satellite peak is characteristic of Cu2+ oxide species, whereas the peak at ≈932.6 eV may arise from copper oxide species with lower oxidation states, most likely Cu2O. An unambiguous assignment, however, requires further

Nanostructure-directed chemical sensing: The IHSAB principle and the dynamics of acid/base-interface interaction

• James L. Gole and
• William Laminack

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 20–31, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.3

• orbital makeup now becomes more closely aligned. The nitridation of NiO also leads to a decrease in response for NO; however, the reversible response resulting from the interaction with NH3 increases. Figure 4 presents comparable data as 1–10 ppm of ammonia interacts with a nitridated copper-oxide-treated

• oxinitride should simply increase the basicity of the nanostructure surface and thus should decrease the response to NH3. However, this does not occur. The nitridated copper oxide is shifted further to the soft-acid side of ammonia in Figure 2, dictating a greater molecular orbital mismatch. The IHSAB

• principle suggests, counter to intuition, that the response of the in situ treated nitridated copper oxide interface should increase relative to that of CuxO, precisely as is observed. In Figure 2, NO is positioned directly under the copper oxides. Nitridation shifts the copper oxides to the soft-acid side

Reversible mechano-electrochemical writing of metallic nanostructures with the tip of an atomic force microscope

• Christian Obermair,
• Marina Kress,
• Andreas Wagner and
• Thomas Schimmel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 824–830, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.92

• described in our previous work [12]. A glass substrate covered with a polycrystalline gold film is used as a substrate. When placed into an electrolyte solution containing copper sulfate and H2SO4, a thin copper oxide containing film is formed on the gold surface, its thickness and properties depending on

The atomic force microscope as a mechano–electrochemical pen

• Christian Obermair,
• Andreas Wagner and
• Thomas Schimmel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 659–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.70

• chemical bonds mechanically [17][18]. As the experiments have been performed under environmental conditions, especially in the presence of oxygen, the formation of a surface layer on the gold substrate involving copper oxide/hydroxide and/or other compounds such as thiols is possible. The alternative